Microbiology chapter5-Eukaryotes – Flashcards
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| Both flagella and cilia are found primarily in ? |
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| protozoa |
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| Features of the nuclear envelope include? |
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| ribsomes a double membrane structure pores that allow communication withthe cytoplasm |
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| The cell wall is found in which eukaryotes? |
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| fungi and alage |
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| Yeasts are ______fungi and molds are ____fungi? |
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| yeast are unicellular fungi and molds are filamentous |
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| Alagae generally contain some type of ? |
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| chlorophyll |
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| almost all protoza have aa. locomotor organelle b. cyst stage c. pellicle d. trophozoite stage |
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| d. trophozoite stage |
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| All mature sporozoa are? |
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| parastitic and nonmotile |
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| parasitic helminths reproduce with? |
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| eggs and sperm |
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| mitochondria likely orginate from |
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| Bacteria |
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| Most helminth infections |
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| a localized to one site in the body |
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| True and False Parkaryptes and eukaryotes arose from the same kind of primordial cell? |
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| True |
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| True or False Hyphae that are divided into compartments by cross walls are called septate hyphae |
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| True |
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| True or False The infective stage of a protozoan is the trophozoite |
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| False Both the trophozoite and the cyst stages of protozoans can be infective. |
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| True or Flase In humans, fungi can only infect the skin |
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| False In humans, fungi can infect skin, mucous membranes, lungs and other areaas. |
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| True or Flase Fungi generally derive nutrients through photosynthesis |
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| False: Fungi generally derive nutrients by digesting organic substrates. |
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| Always Unicellular eukaryotic? |
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| Protozoa |
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| May be Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic? |
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| Fungi Algae |
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| Always multicellular eukaryotic? |
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| Helminths (have unicellular egg or larval forms)Di |
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| Differentiate between cilia and flagella in eukaryotes |
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| cilia are similar to flagella, but the are shorter and are more numerous |
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| Differentiate between flagella in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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| eukaryoyic flagellum is thicker by the factor of 10, structually more complex and covered by extensions of cell membranes. |
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| Describe the important characteristics of glycocalyx in eukaryotes |
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| The outermost boundry that comes in contact with the enviroment. composed of poltsaccarides appears as a network of fibers, and a slime layer. protection, adherence of cells from surface and receptor of signals from other cells in the enviroment. |
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| List which eukaryotic microorganisms have a cell wall |
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| fungi and algae |
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| List similaritiles between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cytoplasmic membranes |
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| typical bilayer of phospholips in which protein molecules are embeded. selectiely permeable barriers, help transport nutrients in and waste out |
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| List differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cytoplasmic membranes |
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| also contain sterols, which is a strengthening feature |
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| Explain the function of mitochondria |
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| Engery generator of the cell in the form of ATP to be used in numerous cellular activity |
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| Discuss the function of chloroplast and explain which cells contain them and why? |
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| membranous packets found in plants and algae are used to convert the engery of sunlight into chemical energy in photosynthesis |
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| explain the importance of ribosomes and differentate betweeen eukaryotic and prokaryotic types |
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| Ribsomes are the sites for protein synthesis in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The are the "dotted " appearance. Ribsomes larger in eukaryotic |
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| List and describe the 3 main fibers of the cytoplasm |
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| function-ancoring organelles, moving RNA and vesicles and permiting shape and movement 1. actin filaments- responsible for cellular movement (long thin stands) 2. microtubles are long hallow tubes that maintain the shape without walls and transport substance from one part of the cell to another 3, intermediate filaments are ropelike structures . structural reinforcement |
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| Why are fungal infections more difficult to treat than bacterial infections? |
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| Viral infections are harder to treat than bacterial infections because bacterial infections can be treated with antibotics while virsus cannot. |
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| How do fungal cell walls differ from bacterial cell walls? What is the significance or difference? |
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| Eukaryotic cell walls are usually made of cellulos or chitin. In contrast, most bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, a network or modified-sugar polymers |
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| How do yeast differ from molds? |
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| Yeast- is single celled molds are multicellular |
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| Hyphae |
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| -thread like cells if filamentous fungi and molds form mycelium |
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| Mycelium |
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| -The filamentous mass that makes up a mold. composed of hyphae |
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| heterotroph |
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| An organism that relies upon organic compounds for its carbon and energy needs. |
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| saprobe |
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| a microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms. Also known as saprophyte or saprotroph |
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| Parasite- |
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| an organism that lives on or within another organism (host) from which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. The parasite produces some degree of harm in the host. |
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| What are the purposes of fungal spores and how does that compare to bacteria spores? |
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| The purpose of fungal spores is that they can have reproduction and can be sexual and asexual. (multiply or reproduction) Bacterial spores are to help get through tough conditions |
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| Name and describe two fungal infections of humans? |
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| 1. Tinea vericolor outer epidermis 2. Dermatophytosis- (ring worm) atheletes feet 3. candidiasis - yeast infection mouth or nails |
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| describe 2 benefical activities of fungi from the viewpoint of humans? |
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| -decomposing organic matter and returning essential minerals to the soil -food flavorings |
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| What are the 2 major groups of protists? |
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| Algae and protoza |
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| Describe most protozoans? |
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| Unicellular and no cell wall |
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| 3 modes of locomotion used by protozoa |
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| 3 modes of locomotion used by protozoa 1. pseudopods "false feet" 2. flagella 3. cilia |
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| Pathogenic protozoan: (disease) Malaria genus and species mode of locomotion' disease symptoms |
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| genus: plasmodium Locomotion: Don't move Symptom: fever, headache, severe =coma or death |
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| Pathogenic protozoan: (disease) Giardiasis genus and species mode of locomotion' disease symptoms |
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| Giardiasis genus: Giardia Lamblia Mode of locomotion: Flagella Disease symptom: lodd of appetitie, diarrhea, blood in urine |
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| Pathogenic protozoan: (disease) Leishmaniasis genus and species mode of locomotion' disease symptoms |
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| Genus: leishmania locomotion: Flagella Symptome: skin sores |
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| Pathogenic protozoan: (disease) amoebiasis genus and species mode of locomotion' disease symptoms |
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| Genus: ENtamoeba histotytical mode of locomotion: psuedopods disease symptoms: diarrhea to dysentary |
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| Pathogenic protozoan: (disease) Toxoplasmosis genus and species mode of locomotion' disease symptoms |
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| genus: Tokoplasma gondil locomotion: not moving symptoms: swollen lymph nodes muscle aches |
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| Pathogenic protozoan: (disease) sleeping sickness genus and species mode of locomotion' disease symptoms |
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| Gensus: Typanosoma brucei rhodesiense locomotion: flagella Symptoms: anxiety, sleepy at day, can't sleep at night, fever headaches |
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| Pathogenic protozoan: (disease) Chagas disease genus and species mode of locomotion' disease symptoms |
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| Gensus: Triatoma Locomotion: Flagella Disease Symptom: fever, heart and brain damage death |
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| Describe the cycle of the transmission for Chagas disease ? |
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| The bug transports itself to bug to mammal and from mamal to bug. It typicall effects humans by a bite at the cornor of the mouth |
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| List 2 patogenic protozoans disease and how they are transmitted? |
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| Toxoplasmosis- transmitted from cats Malaria transmitted from mosquitos |
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| Are Helminths microrogamisms? |
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| No |
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| How are helminths classified? how do you distinguish them from one another? |
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| classified as multicellular organisms classified by shape and size degree of development presence of hooks, suckers or other structures -mode of reproduction-kind of host-appearance of eggs and larva |
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| nematodes |
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| roundworm |
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| cestodes |
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| common name-tape worm that infects animals and humans |
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| trematodes |
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| known as a flatworm or fluke |
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| The transmission of a pin worn ? |
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| when a child doesn't clean an infected hand they can reinfect themself if they do not wash hands and touch their mouth. Or they can cross contaminate other children. |
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| Is a pin worm round or flat? |
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| round |
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| Trematodes --how do you become infected? |
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| human get infected when they injest of fresh water containing larval stage |
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| cestodes- how do you become infected? |
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| humans get infected when they eat uncooked pork or transport livestock and have open sores |
