Med Terms – Chapter 10 – Flashcards

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Any body part attached to a main structure is called a(n):
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Appendage
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A large, rounded process on a bone is called:
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Tuberosity
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At which site does hematopoiesis occur?
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Bone Marrow
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Which action lowers the foot and points the toes?
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Plantar Flexion
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The tail bone is also known as the:
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Coccyx
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Which bones form the three main divisions of the pelvis?
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Ilium, ischium, and pubis
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An opening or passageway is called a:
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Meatus
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A freely movable joint is called:
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Diarthrosis
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The two main divisions of the skeleton are the axial and the:
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Appendicular
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The internal organs of the thoracic cavity are protected by the:
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Rib Cage
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Which action turns the palm up?
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Supination
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The soft spot between the cranial bones is called the:
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Fontanelle
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Bone-forming cells are called:
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Osteoblasts
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The shaft, or long, main portion of the bone is called:
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Diaphysis
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Another term for articulation is:
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Joint
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Which action turns the palm down?
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Pronation
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The pelvic girdle:
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attaches lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
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What is the plural form of pelvis?
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Pelves
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A type of elastic connective tissue that provides a smooth surface for movement of the joints is called the:
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Atricular Cartilage
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Which action increases the angle of a joint?
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Extension
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What is the combining form (CF) for heel bone?
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Calcane/o
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The CF brachi/o means:
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Arm
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What is the CF for thigh bone?
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Femor/o
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Which CF means rod-shaped (striated) muscle?
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Rhabdomy/o
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Which suffix means to break or surgical fracture?
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-clasia
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What is the CF for bones of fingers and toes?
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Phalang/o
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The CF arthr/o means:
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Joint
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The CF myel/o means:
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Bone marrow; Spinal cord
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The CF scoli/o means:
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Crooked, bent
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The CF orth/o means:
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Straight
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The CF cephal/o means:
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Head
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The CF thorac/o means:
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Chest
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The CF dactyl/o means:
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Fingers, Toes
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The CF chondr/o means:
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Cartilage
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The CF kyph/o means:
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Humpback
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An abnormal, inward curvature of the lower portion of the spine is called:
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Lordosis
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Lateral curvature of the spine to the right or left is called:
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Scoliosis
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Stiffening and immobility of a joint is called:
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Ankylosis
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Inflammation of the vertebrae is called:
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Spondylitis
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Which of the following terms means lameness or limping?
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Claudication
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Partial or incomplete dislocation is called:
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Subluxation
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Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid accumulation is called:
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Gout
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A segment of necrosed bone is called:
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Sequestrum
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An increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms is called:
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Exacerbation
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In which type of fracture does the bone injure another organ, such as a broken rib piercing a lung?
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Complicated
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Which type of fracture involves a broken bone that causes an external wound?
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Open
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A tumor of the tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist, is called:
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Ganglion cyst
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Fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility is called:
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Contracture
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Which type of fracture involves a bone that breaks and splinters?
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Comminuted
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What is the clinical term for clubfoot?
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Talipes
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What is another term for osteitis deformans?
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Paget diseaase
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An abnormal condition of a swayback posture is called:
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Lordosis
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Which branch of medicine diagnoses, treats, and manages musculoskeletal disorders?
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Orthopedics
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A metabolic bone disorder, particularly common in postmenopausal women, is called:
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Osteoporosis
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Which chronic joint disease is characterized by inflammation; pain; stiffness; and, eventually, deformity of the affected joints?
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Osteoarthritis is also known as:
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Degenerative Joint Disease
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Infection of the bone and bone marrow is called:
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Osteomyelitis
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Muscular dystrophy is characterized by gradual:
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Weakening of muscle tissue
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Malignancies originating from bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, and cells of the lymphatic system are called:
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Sarcomas
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An autoimmune disease of joint tissue in which the patient's antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue is called:
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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What is the surgical procedure to relieve symptoms of a ruptured disc?
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Laminectomy
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Which procedure is a surgical reconstruction of a painful, degenerated joint?
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Arthroplasty
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Surgery to remove a herniated disk is called:
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Laminectomy
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Which device is used to fracture bone for therapeutic purposes?
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Osteoclast
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Incision of the skull is called:
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Craniotomy
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Removal of the kneecap is called:
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Patellectomy
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An instrument used to cut a rib is called a:
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Costotome
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Which treatment is used to correct talipes equinovarus?
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Applying casts to progressively straighten the foot
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Excision of a necrosed bone is called:
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Sequestrectomy
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Which surgical procedure replaces the femoral head and the acetabulum with a metal ball and stem?
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Total hip replacement
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Which procedure visualizes tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide?
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Scintigraphy
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Which classification of drugs is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
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Gold Salts
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Which classification of drugs is used to treat and prevent hypocalcemia?
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Calcium supplements
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Which medication reduces inflammation and moderate pain?
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Aspirin
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Which is a trade name of aspirin?
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Bayer
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Which classification of drugs is used to treat acute musculoskeletal conditions?
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NSAIDs
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Which mineral is an over-the-counter supplement used to help prevent osteoporosis?
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Calcium
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Which classification of drugs is used to relieve muscle spasms and stiffness?
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Muscle relaxants
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Which abbreviation refers to a painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the wrist canal?
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CTS
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Which abbreviation refers to a neuromuscular disease in which the muscles become increasingly weak and eventually cease to function altogether?
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MG
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Which surgical procedure replaces a hip joint damaged by arthritis?
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THR
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Hematopoiesis is a decrease in blood cells.
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False
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Lateral curvature of the spine to the right or left is called scoliosis.
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True
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Paget disease is also known as osteitis deformans.
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True
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A malignant tumor arising from bone is called sarcoma.
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True
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Rheumatoid arthritis is believed to be an autoimmune disease.
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True
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Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone and bone marrow.
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True
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Osteoarthritis commonly produces hard nodules at the distal interphalangeal joints.
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True
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Ewing sarcoma usually affects ends of the long bones.
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False
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Blistered formations at the joints of toes are known as Heberden nodes.
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False
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Talipes equinovarus is a congenital deformity characterized by inward deviation of the toes on the right foot.
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False
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Electromyography is used to determine the strength of muscle contraction.
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True
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A closed reduction is performed to realign fractured bones by surgical techniques.
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False
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Arthroclasia is a therapeutic procedure in which an ankylosed joint is placed in traction.
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False
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In arthroscopy, instruments are introduced into the joint space through a small incision.
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True
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Laminectomy is an excision of the bursa.
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False
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The padlike sac found in connective tissue is known as the bursa.
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True
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Sequestrectomy is an excision of healthy bone tissue.
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False
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In total hip replacement, the femoral head and acetabulum are replaced with a metal ball and prosthesis.
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True
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Arthrotomy is an incision that punctures a joint to remove accumulated fluid.
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False
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An open reduction is one in which fractured bones are placed in their proper position during surgery.
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True
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Gold salts contain unprocessed salt capsules that prevent progression of arthritis.
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False
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Calcium supplements are used to prevent osteoporosis.
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True
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CTS is the abbreviation that refers to a painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the wrist canal.
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True
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HID is an abbreviation that refers to a herniated nucleus pulposus.
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False
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thorac/o
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chest
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my/o
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muscle
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ankyl/o
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stiffness; bent, crooked
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kyph/o
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humpback
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oste/o
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bone
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arthr/o
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joint
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orth/o
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straight
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myel/o
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bone marrow, spinal cord
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cephal/o
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head
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dactyl/o
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fingers, toes
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pod/o
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foot
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rhabd/o
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rod-shaped; striated
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brachi/p
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arm
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patell/o
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patella (kneecap)
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carp/o
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carpus (wrist bone)
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cervic/o
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neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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leiomy/o
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smooth muscle (visceral)
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clavicul/o
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clavicle (collar bone)
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cost/o
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ribs
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crani/o
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cranium (skull)
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lamin/o
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lamina (part of vertebral arch)
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metacarp/o
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metacarpus (hand bones)
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent
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stern/o
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sternum (breast bone)
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rhabdomy/o
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rod-shaped (striated) muscle
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incomplete or partial dislocation
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sublaxation
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softening of the bones caused by vitamin deficiency
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rickets
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a slipped vertebrae
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spondylolisthesis
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lameness, limping
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claudication
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disease characterized by degeneration of the muscles
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muscular dystrophy
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congenital deformity of the foot, which is pulled downward and laterally to the side
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talipes
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part of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
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sequestrum
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neuromuscular autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, especially in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs
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masthenia gravis
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artificial part used for replacement of a missing limb
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prosthesis
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tendon sheath or joint capsule tumor; commonly found in the wrist
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ganglion cyst
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loss of muscular tonicity
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hypotonia
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type of cancer that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones
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Ewing sarcoma
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bone that is partially bent and partially broken; commonly occurs in children
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greenstick fracture
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abnormal curvature of the spine (hunchback)
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kyphosis
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decrease in bone density that commonly occurs in elderly persons
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osteoporiosis
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deviation of the spine to the right or left
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scoliosis
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effusion of blood in a joint cavity
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hemarthrosis
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bone that has splintered into pieces
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comminuted fracture
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perceived sensation, following amputation, that the limb still exists
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phantom limb
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metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe
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gout
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death of cells, tissue, or organs
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necrosis
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stiffening and immobility of a joint
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ankylosis
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malignant tumor of cartilage
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chondrosarcoma
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hard nodules that form at finger joints
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Heberden nodes
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degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
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spondylosis
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excision of a necrosed bone
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sequestrectomy
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Use arthr/o to build a word that means inflammation of a joint: ____________________.
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arthritis
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Use my/o to build a word that means disease of muscles: ____________________.
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myopathy
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Use oste/o to build a word that means disease of bones: ____________________.
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osteopathy
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Use my/o to build a word that means softening of muscle (tissue): ____________________.
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myomalacia
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Use chondr/o to build a word that means embryonic cell that forms cartilage: ____________________.
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chondroblast
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Use arthr/o to build a word that means surgical puncture of a joint:
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arthrocentesis
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Use cephal/o to build a word that means instrument for measuring the head: ____________________.
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cephalometer
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Use crani/o to build a word that means incision of the cranium: ____________________.
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craniotomy
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Use scoli/o to build a word that means abnormal condition of a crooked, bent (spine): ____________________.
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scoliosis
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Use pod/o to build a word that means medicine or treatment of the feet: ____________________.
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podiatry
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Build a word that means surgical repair of muscle: ____________________.
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myoplasty
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Build a word that means incision of the chest: ____________________.
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thoractomy
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Build a word that means binding or fixation of a joint: ____________________.
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arthrodesis
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Build a word that means inflammation of the phalanges (bones of fingers and toes): ____________________.
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phalangitis
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Build a word that means rupture of a muscle: ____________________.
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myorrhexis
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Build a word that means beginning or formation of bones: ____________________.
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osteogenesis
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Build a word that means resembling bone marrow: ____________________.
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myeloid
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Build a word that means inflammation of bones and joints: ____________________.
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osteoarthritis
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Build a word that means twitching of a muscle:
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myospasm
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Build a word that means softening of cartilage: ____________________.
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chondromalacia
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