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Leadership

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is the process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to help achieve group or organizational goals.

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A manager's personal leadership style

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is the specific way in which a manager chooses to influence other people; it is how the manager approaches planning, organizing, and controlling.

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Managers at all levels and in all kinds of organizations have the same

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leadership style

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Leadership is the process by

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which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as:

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The specific ways in which a manager chooses to influence others is known as

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personal leadership style

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Need for achievement

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A strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and meet personal standards for excellence

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Need for affiliation:

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Extent to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having the people around him get along with each other

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Need for power

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Extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.

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****image on study guide****

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image on study guide

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Piece-rate pay:

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Employee's pay is based on the number of units that the employee produces

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Commission pay:

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Employee's pay is based on a percentage of sales that the employee makes

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Scanlon plan:

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Focuses on reduced expenses or cutting costs

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Profit sharing

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employees receive a share of an organization's profits

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Positive reinforcement

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Giving people outcomes they desire when they perform organizationally functional behaviors pay, praise, promotion

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Negative reinforcement

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Eliminating undesired outcomes when people perform organizationally functional behaviors.Manager's constant nagging or criticism, unpleasant assignments, threat of losing one's job.

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Servant leaders

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1.Have a strong desire to serve and work for the benefit of others a.Share power with followers. b.Strive to ensure that followers' most important needs are met

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Leadership styles may vary among different countries or cultures

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a.European managers tend to be more people-oriented than American or Japanese managers. b.In Japan the prime emphasis is on a group rather that an individual. c.Organizations in the United States tend to be very profit-oriented and thus tend to downplay the importance of individuals. d.Cross-cultural differences occur in time horizons.

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Legitimate power

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Authority that a manager has by virtue of his or her position in an organizational hierarchy

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Reward power:

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1.Ability of a manager to give or withhold tangible and intangible rewards a.Effective managers use their reward power to show appreciation for subordinates' good work and efforts b.Ineffective managers use rewards in a controlling manner

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Coercive power:

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1. Ability of a manager to punish others a.Excessive use of coercive power seldom produces high performance and is questionable ethically

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Expert power

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Is based on special knowledge, skills, and expertise that a leader possesses. Expert power tends to be best used in a guiding or coaching manner

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Referent power:

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1.Comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect for the personal characteristics of a leader which earns their loyalty and admiration a.Managers can take steps to increase their referent power b.Spending time to get to know their subordinates, showing concern for them

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Behavioral model:

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Identifies the two basic types of behavior that many leaders engage in to influence their subordinates—consideration and initiating structure

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An appraisal of subordinates

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is an example of the legitimate power of a manager. Legitimate power is the authority a manager has by virtue of his/her position in an organization's hierarchy. Giving a bonus, increasing pay, etc., are based on reward power.

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Reward Power

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The ability of a manager to give outcomes to or withhold outcomes from subordinates is known as:

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Dismissal of subordinates is an example of

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of coercive power of a manager

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Dan is the marketing head at Blue Bay Resorts for the last seven years. His marketing plans are well formulated and executed. Many colleges in the neighborhood invite Dan for a paper presentation on marketing. This is an example of

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expert power.

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Empowerment

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is the process of giving employees at all levels the authority to make decisions, be responsible for their outcomes, improve quality, and cut costs.

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The trait model of leadership focused on

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identifying the personal characteristics that cause effective leadership. Researchers thought effective leaders must have certain personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders and from people who never become leaders.

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Maturity helps managers (by)

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avoid acting selfishly, control their feelings, and admit when they have made a mistake.

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Leaders engage in consideration when they show

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their subordinates that they trust, respect, and care about them.

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Self-actualization needs,

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the needs to realize one's full potential as a human being, are the highest-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

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Physiological needs

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are basic needs for things such as food, water, and shelter that must be met in order for a person to survive.

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Safety needs can be satisfied by

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providing job security, adequate medical benefits, and safe working conditions.

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35. Motivator needs are related

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to the nature of the work itself and how challenging it is.

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People with a high need for achievement often

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set clear goals for themselves and like to receive performance feedback.

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Joey has recently joined an advertising firm as an executive. He has to request Michael, his manager, for feedback on his performance. Michael, who normally has problems giving feedback to his subordinates, is delighted by Joey's attitude. In this context, Joey could be rated high on the need for:

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achievement

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The need for affiliation is the extent

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to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having the people around him/her get along with each other.

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Equity theory is

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a theory of motivation that concentrates on people's perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to, or in proportion to, their work inputs

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Equity exists when

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a person perceives his/her own outcome-input ratio to be equal to a referent's outcome-input ratio. Underpayment inequity exists when a person's

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Underpayment inequity exists

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when a person's own outcome-input ratio is perceived to be less than that of a referent.

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The goal of EEO is to

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to ensure that all citizens have an equal opportunity to obtain employment regardless of their gender, race, country of origin, religion, age, or disabilities.

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Equal Pay Act

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made it illegal for employers to pay female workers less than men for the same job

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Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

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Requires employers with more than 100 employees to provide 60 days' notice before a mass layoff or facility closing

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Civil Rights Act (Title VII)

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Prohibits employment decisions based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin

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Family and Medical Leave Act

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Gives employees in organizations with 50 or more employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave each year for family or medical reasons

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Age Discrimination in Employment Act

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Prohibits discrimination against employees 40 years and older

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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Permits portability of employees' insurance from one employer to another

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Americans with Disabilities Act

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Prohibits discrimination against individuals who have disabilities or chronic illnesses; also requires reasonable accommodations for these individuals

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Occupational Safety and Health Act

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Establishes mandatory and health standards in organizations

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Vocational Rehabilitation

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Prohibits discrimination on the basis of physical or mental disorder

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Privacy Act

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Gives employees the legal right to examine personnel files and letters of reference

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The NLRB conducts certification elections, which are held among

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the employees of an organization, to determine whether they want a union to represent their interests.

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recruitment and selection

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The component of an HRM system that focuses on attempting to attract and hire employees who have the abilities and experiences to help the organization to achieve its goals is known as:

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Microsoft Corporation interviews dozens of highly qualified programmers before deciding on which ones to hire. This is an example of which component of the HRM process?

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Selection

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Training and development

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The component of an HRM system that focuses on helping employees to build the skills and abilities that will enable them to perform their jobs successfully is:

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Newly-hired programmers at Microsoft Corporation join small work teams so that experienced workers can serve as mentors to them while they are adjusting to their new job. This is an example of which component of the HRM process?

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Training and development

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Performance appraisal

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Which of the following can provide managers with the information they need to make good human resources decisions about how to train, motivate, and reward organizational members

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Steffie has requested for a week's leave to be with her mother who is very ill. Her manager refuses to grant her the leave even though Steffie is aware that this would result in a loss of pay and she is agreeable to it. Which of the following would the employer be violating if he does not grant Steffie leave?

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FMLA

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Human resource planning

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The set of activities in which managers engage to predict the future human resource needs of their organization is known as:

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Demand forcasting

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Which of the following best explains managers' attempts to estimate the qualifications and the numbers of employees an organization will need given its goals and strategies?

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Management information systems are a specific form of IT that managers design in order to

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have access to specific information which they need to perform their job effectively.

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Communication

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The sharing of information between two or more people within the organization in order to reach a common understanding is known as

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responsiveness

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Top management attempts to gain a competitive advantage by asking all of its managers to communicate with each other about how the organization can best respond to changing customer preferences. The organization is focusing primarily on

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Transmission

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Information is shared between two or more people in which phase of the communication process?

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Feedback

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In which stage of the communication process is a common understanding reached between the participants?

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sender

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In the transmission phase of communication, the person who wishes to share information with someone else is known as the

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Mark, the sales manager at Lance Motors has called for a meeting with all his sales representatives. He wants to give them feedback, and set new guidelines regarding their annual targets. With reference to the transmission phase of communication, which of the following best describes Mark's role?

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Sender

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A production system

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the system that an organization uses to acquire inputs, convert inputs into outputs, and dispose of the outputs

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operations management

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The management of any aspect of production that transforms inputs into finished outputs is known as

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production system

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A system that an organization uses to obtain inputs, convert them into outputs, and then dispose of these outputs is known as a(n):

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An operations manager is responsible for all of the following in an organization's production system EXCEPT:

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: reducing responsiveness to consumers

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The concept of __quality___ refers to

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goods and services that are dependable, reliable, able to do what they were designed for, and satisfying.

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Efficiency

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refers to the amount of input that is required to produce a given level of output.

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customer needs

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Management writers recommend that an organization should define its business in terms of its:

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Which of the following is a problem that managers face while providing high quality, quick service, and after-sales service and support, products with many features, and products that are customized?

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It raises costs and thus the price that must be charged to cover costs.

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Danny King is

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the man

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