MA 46 CMP week 2 – Flashcards
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Which of the following refers to the study of microorganisms?
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Microbiology
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Which of the following is characteristic of resident normal flora?
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They are normally found on the skin and within the human body.
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An example of a subcellular microorganism is a ___.
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virus
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Which of the following is an example of a microorganism that is classified a prokaryotic cell?
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Bacterium
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Which of the following is characteristic of a subcellular microorganism?
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Noncellular structure in which the nucleic acid is surrounded by a protein coat
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Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
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They are simply structured with a single chromosome and no organelles.
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Which of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
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They have a complex cell structure containing a nucleus and specialized organelles in the cytoplasm.
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Which classification of microorganisms contains protozoans, fungi, and parasites?
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Eukaryotic
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A microorganism capable of causing disease is a ____.
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pathogen
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Which of the following can weaken the body's ability to fight infection?
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cancer treatment
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Beneficial bacteria found in the body that perform functions such as producing vitamins are called
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normal flora
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A complication of a strep infection manifested by inflammation of the heart tissue is ____.
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rheumatic fever
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The viral infection that affects the salivary glands, causing fever, headache, and inflammation of the glands is ____.
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mumps
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The respiratory disease that causes fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue, and is spread by airborne transmission is ____.
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influenza
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Amy is a 9-year-old patient who has a high fever, headache, and an itchy rash. Although Amy usually has a good appetite, her mother says she has not been hungry for the last few days. The rash is starting to blister. Which of the following diseases might you suspect?
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chickenpox
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Mononucleosis is caused by ____.
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the Epstein-Barr virus
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Three-year-old Tyler's parents report that he has had a runny nose and a mild cough for the last several days. They brought him to the clinic because the coughing has become "terrible" during the past 24 hours. While getting the history from the parents, you notice a "whoop" sound as Tyler inhales after a severe coughing spell. Which of the following diseases is the most probable cause of Tyler's cough
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Pertussis
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An acute, often fatal, infectious bacterial disease caused by the introduction of pathogenic spores, which enter the body through a contaminated puncture wound, is____.
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tetanus
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In which condition does a pseudomembrane cover the tonsils, throat, and nose, causing respiratory obstruction?
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Diphtheria
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Which of the following is a frequent cause of bacterial infections, including epiglottitis and pneumonia, in infants and young children in the United States?
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Haemophilus influenzae Serotype B
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Which of the following microorganisms cause diseases that are a leading cause of death in developing countries because of lack of proper sanitation?
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Protozoans
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Examples of diseases caused by viruses include ____.
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chickenpox, hepatitis, and influenza
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Which of the following are characteristics of viruses?
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They cannot be seen with a regular microscope.
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The most common way to classify bacteria is according to their ____.
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shape
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Which of the following are grapelike clusters of cocci that are commonly found on the skin?
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Staphylococci
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The causative agents for boils, acne, abscesses, food poisoning, and a type of pneumonia are ____.
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staphylococci
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Which of the following are pairs of cocci?
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Diplococci
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Streptococci are configured in ____.
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chains
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Diplococci bacteria are responsible for causing ____.
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gonorrhea and some forms of meningitis
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Which of the following microorganisms cause infections such as strep throat, certain types of pneumonia, and rheumatic fever?
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Streptococci
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Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for gastroenteritis, tuberculosis, whooping cough, botulism, and tetanus?
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Bacilli
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Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for infections such as syphilis and Lyme disease?
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Spirilla
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Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for diseases such as cholera?
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Vibrios
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A solution of a dye or group of dyes that imparts a color to microorganisms is a ____.
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stain
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Which of the following is the most common staining procedure, which differentiates bacteria according to the chemical composition of their cell walls?
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Gram stain
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Acid-fast stain is a ____.
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staining procedure for identifying bacteria with a waxy cell wall
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Which of the following are bacteria that grow best in the presence of oxygen?
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Aerobes
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A preparation of a specimen in a liquid that allows the organisms to remain alive and mobile while being identified is a(n) ____.
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wet mount
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Anaerobes are bacteria that ____.
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grow best in the absence of oxygen
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A sample of a specimen that is placed in or on a substance that allows microorganisms to grow is a ____.
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culture
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Facultative bacteria are bacteria that ____.
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grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
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In which of the following is a specimen spread thinly and unevenly across a slide?
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Smear
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Which of the following, found in insects such as ticks and mites, are responsible for diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus?
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Rickettsiae
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The genus that causes tuberculosis and leprosy is ____.
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mycobacterium
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Which of the following cause eye disease, venereal disease, and a form of pneumonia?
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Chlamydiae
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Fungi that grow into large, fuzzy, multicelled organisms that produce spores are called ____.
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molds
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Which of the following is an organism that lives on or in another organism and uses that other organism for its nourishment, or for some other advantage, to the detriment of the host organism?
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Parasite
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An infection caused by a parasite is called a(n) ____.
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infestation
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Which of the following is a parasitic disease?
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Scabies
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Which of the following reproduce by budding?
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Yeasts
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Which of the following involves culturing a specimen and then testing the isolated bacterium's susceptibility to antibiotics?
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Culture and sensitivity
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Which of the following is an agent that kills microorganisms or suppresses their growth?
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Antimicrobial
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Which of the following is a guideline for the preparation and transportation of a specimen to an outside laboratory for pathologic study?
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Maintain the sample in a state as close to its original state as possible
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Which of the following is included in specimen-collection guidelines?
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Obtain the specimen at a time that allows optimal chance of recovery of the microorganism
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Which of the following is an inflammation of the heart tissue that occurs most frequently in school-age children as a result of an untreated strep throat?
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Rheumatic fever
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Rick, a 22-year-old patient, has had a bad cough that has lasted almost a month. He says his chest hurts, and he has been coughing up blood. Since his last visit three months ago, he has lost 12 pounds. His temperature is 101.9°F. For which of the following diseases might you expect the physician to test?
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Tuberculosis
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Which of the following specimens would you expect the physician to order if he or she suspects a patient has tuberculosis?
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Sputum specimen
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Which of the following would you include when obtaining a throat culture specimen from a patient?
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Wear examination gloves, goggles, and a mask or face shield
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Which type of specimen is examined for the presence of parasites such as roundworms or tapeworms?
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Stool specimen
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Mary has come to the medical office complaining of an infection involving her left great toenail. Which of the following would you expect the physician to order?
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KOH mount
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Which of the following should you include when preparing a KOH mount?
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Suspend the specimen in a drop of 10% potassium hydroxide
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The hard protein the body produces that makes visualizing the fungus possible only in a KOH mount is called ____.
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keratin
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Which of the following would you include in the preparation of a microbiologic specimen smear?
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Heat-fix the slide with the smear side up
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A substance that can intensify or deepen the response of a specimen to a stain is called a(n) ____.
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mordant
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Which of the following would you include when performing a Gram stain?
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Cover the entire specimen area with iodine and allow it to remain for 1 minute
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Which of the following is a distinct group of organisms that can be seen on the surface of the culture medium?
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Colony
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The gelatin-like substance derived from seaweed that gives a culture medium its consistency is called
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agar
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Determination of the type of pathogen is called ____.
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qualitative analysis
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Determination of the number of bacteria present in specimens is called ____.
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quantitative analysis
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What information must be included on a laboratory request form?
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Source of the microbiologic specimen
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are caused by a(n) ____.
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prion
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Which of the following is not a reason people are able to avoid infection most of the time?
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Pathogens have developed ways to evade the host defenses.
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Which of the following is a virus that infects and gradually destroys components of the immune system, resulting in AIDS?
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HIV
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The greatest risk factor for contracting HIV infection is ____.
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engaging in unprotected sexual activity
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Most of the confirmed cases in which a healthcare worker contracted HIV as a direct result of occupational activities were the result of ____.
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a puncture wound or needlestick
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When packaging and labeling a specimen for mail delivery, you must follow the procedures set by ____.
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CDC
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A living microorganism or its toxin that may cause human disease that is transported through the US mail must be marked as a(n) ____.
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etiologic agent
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Which of the following is considered the most reliable and timely method of transporting microbiologic specimens?
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Laboratory pickup
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In a culture and sensitivity test, at what temperature is the inoculated agar plate incubated to show bacterial sensitivity to various antimicrobial agents?
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98.6°F
