Lifespan (PSY283) – Flashcards
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Median age of retirement
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65
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men have more trouble adjusting to
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widowhood
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50% of people over 65 live...
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in nursing homes
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young-old
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typically healthy, relatively wealthy
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old-old
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more likely to physically frail and poor
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Older adults have worse _______ than younger adults?
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memory
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older adults have more trouble with _____ _________ tasks than younger adults
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divided-attention
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_________ memory worsens with age (transforming info into storage
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working
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(memory systems) procedural
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information remembered automatically (physical skills, motor activity)
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(memory systems) semantic
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ability to recall facts and basic knowledge (long lasting crystallized knowledge)
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(memory systems) episodic
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the ongoing events of everyday life (recalling isolated events)
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selective optimization with compensation
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1. selectively focus on what you want to remember 2. optimize, manipulate material into memory 3. use compensation, external memory aids
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mnemonic technique
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if its vivid emotionally, we remember it (use a visual image)
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memory self efficasy
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feeling in control
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socioemotional selectivity theory
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the time left to live affects priorities and social relationships
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positive effects of old age
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prioritize emotional states, live less stressful lives
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negative effects of old age
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economic cutbacks in entitlements, isolation, disablement, loss of purpose and meaning in life
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key to happiness in old age
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emotional regulation (making the most of difficult situations)
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average age lived to after retirement
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20 years
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models of retirement in Germany
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mercedes like model 1. designed to keep people comfortable 2. replaces 3/4 of income 3. keeps standard of living
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models of retirement in US
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used car model 1. social security 2. pension plans 3. based on personal initiative
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age discrimination
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illegally laying off or failing to hire or promote someone on the basis of age
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widowhood (reaction)
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obsession with loved one and events surrounding death
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widowhood (how to help)
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continuing bonds, working model, religion, children, families
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Widows at higher risk for having trouble in moving on
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1. men 2. those with limited options 3. those highly dependent on spouse 4. people in male dominated cultures
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resilient widows
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1. develop other attachments 2. draw on faith in God 3. take comfort from children 4. accept emotional support 5. see tragedy as a challenge to function on their own
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normal aging changes
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universal and progressive signs of physical deterioration that occur with age
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basic principles of age-related disease
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1. chronic disease (arthritis) 2. ADL impairments (difficulty performing everyday tasks) 3. end of lifespan
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ses and health gap
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those with lower income have poorer health
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presbyopia
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difficulty with seeing close objects
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presbycusis
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difficulty in hearing ability
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elder-speak
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communication used with older adults who seem physically impaired
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reaction time
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decline in ability to respond quickly to sensory input
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osteoporosis
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bones become porous, brittle, fragile
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osteoarthritis
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wearing away of joint cartilage
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dementia
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any illness that produces serious, progressive, irreversible cognitive decline
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vascular dementia
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caused by multiple strokes, impairment in blood flow to brain and body
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alzheimer's disease
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dementia characterized by neural atrophy, such as senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (attacks consciousness)
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medicare
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health insurance for those over 65
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continuing care retirement
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residential complex, independent apartments
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assisted living facility
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not 24 hour care, a homey setting, private rooms
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day care programs
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for those living with family, helps the family
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home health services
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at home care, paid caregivers help with ADLs
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nursing home/long term care
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24 hour care, residents are very old, most come after an occurrence of trauma
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certified nurse assistant/aid
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front line care provider in a nursing home, who helps with ADL problems
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thanology
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study of death and dying
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Kubler Ross's stages of dying
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1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance
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middle knowledge
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when terminally ill people know they are dying but cannot fully grasp it emotionally
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dying trajectory (definition)
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how hospital personnel make predictions about what pattern the person's dying will follow
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dying trajectory paths
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1. expected swift death 2. expected lingering death 3. entry and re-entry of admittance to hospital, stabilization, then discharge until death
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palliative care
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any strategy designed not to cure illness but to promote a dignified death
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palliative care strategies
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1. educating health care professionals on end of life care 2. palliative care service, specifically devoted to providing high quality end of life care
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hospice movement
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focused on families care to dying patients outside of hospitals and especially on giving families support for home care
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advance directive
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written document spelling out instructions with regard to life prolonging treatment
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living will
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spells out a persons wishes for life sustaining treatment
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durable power of attorney for health care
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person designated as surrogate to make health care decisions
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DNR (do not resuscitate order)
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specifying that no efforts will be made to revive patient in case of cardiac arrest
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DNH (do not hospitalize)
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put into the charts of impaired nursing home residents, specifying that they should not be transferred to a hospital in case of an emergency
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passive euthanasia
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withdrawing potentially life saving interventions
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active euthanasia
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taking action to help the person die
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physician assisted suicide
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active euthanasia where physician prescribes lethal medication to at terminally ill patients who wants to die
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age based rationing of care by Daniel Callahan
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the idea that society should not use expensive life sustaining technologies on people in their old-old years
