LIFESPAN 2 – Flashcards
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Which processes are required for effective information processing at any age? A. metacognition and metamemory B. thought and behavior C. attention, memory, and thinking D. encoding, memory, and emotion
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C
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Learning to drive a car requires deliberate coordination of mental processes but eventually becomes nearly effortless. This is the concept of: A. cognitive shifting. B. declining attention. C. automaticity. D. strategy construction.
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C
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_____ attention enables infants to learn about and remember characteristics of a new stimulus as it becomes familiar. A. Selective B. Divided C. Executive D. Sustained
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D
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Planning, monitoring, and attending to goals are examples of _____ attention. A. executive B. selective C. divided D. sustained
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A
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Ruth is listening to her teacher despite the noise coming from a nearby classroom. Her attention allocation is: A. sustained. B. selective. C. divided. D. habituated.
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B
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What are the three processes required for memory? A. sensation, perception, behavior B. reception, decoding, storage C. encoding, storage, retrieval D. input, storage, output
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C
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Mandler's main criticism of the Rovee-Collier studies on infant memory is that: A. these infants display only implicit memory. B. kicking is not evidence of infant memory but of dishabituation. C. infantile amnesia would prevent infants from remembering any information. D. these infants display only explicit memory.
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A
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Josh sorts and washes his laundry without having to read instructions. What type of memory is he using? A. motoric B. working C. explicit D. implicit
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D
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Eighty-year-old Kathleen will show a steady decline in: A. explicit and semantic memory. B. episodic and implicit memory. C. working memory and processing speed. D. procedural and working memory.
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C
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Derek no longer concentrates on keystrokes as he types. What type of memory is this? A. episodic B. implicit C. semantic D. working
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B
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Which type of memory is more likely to be forgotten? A. implicit B. procedural C. explicit D. source
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C
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Memory about life's events is labeled: A. semantic. B. implicit. C. working. D. episodic.
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D
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Anna is trying to remember a quote she learned years ago. She can remember the class she heard it in and the professor that spoke it but not the actual quote. What type of memory does Anna have for this recollection? A. source B. meta C. procedural D. prospective
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A
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Andrea is worried that she will forget to take her antibiotic prescription three times daily. Andrea feels her _____ memory is weak. A. prospective B. working C. semantic D. explicit
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A
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Manipulating and transforming information in memory is called: A. thinking. B. wisdom. C. semantic memory. D. encoding.
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A
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One-year-old Stanley is visiting a petting zoo. Which of the following MOST likely illustrates Stanley's current ability to categorize objects? A. Stanley points to the eggs and says, "Baby chicks!" B. Stanley points to the farmer and says, "Moo!" C. Stanley points to the ram and says, "Ram!" D. Stanley points to the barn and says, "House!"
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D
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Identifying and formulating questions and organizing thoughts are all parts of: A. critical thinking. B. metacognition. C. cognitive monitoring. D. control processes.
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A
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In general, why are 40-year-olds better problem solvers than 20-year-olds? A. They have better methods to improve their memory. B. They have more experience. C. They are more patient. D. They have better insight.
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B
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Jake is only 25 years old but wants to reduce his chance of losing cognitive impairment when he is older. What can he do now to prepare? A. eat foods low in fat B. do crossword puzzles C. take a multivitamin supplement daily D. quit smoking
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B
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Which of the following would we expect a 3-year-old to understand about another person's mental state? A. Hiding an object conceals it from another person. B. A person looks for a hidden object where they think it is, not where it really is. C. A child who has been scared by a dog once is likely to be scared by seeing another dog later. D. A person looking at another side of a three-dimensional model of a mountain sees a different view than the 3-year-old sees.
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A
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Who proposed that practical knowledge should be considered part of intelligence? A. Robert Sternberg B. Alfred Binet C. Sir Frances Galton D. Lev Vygotsky
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A
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Who would support the notion that intelligence involves using the tools of the culture with help from mentors? A. Robert Sternberg B. Alfred Binet C. Sir Frances Galton D. Lev Vygotsky
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D
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To be effective, IQ scores should be: A. confirmed accurate by having an independent observer present during test administration. B. considered a single aspect of evaluation in conjunction with other information about the individual. C. given to all of the examinee's teachers so they know what to expect from a student. D. ratified by having more than one test administered by different examiners.
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B
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Russell's test scores are low, but he quickly grasps real-life problems and could be called "street smart." Which Sternberg area is a strength for him? A. creative B. analytical C. practical D. verbal
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C
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Which statement MOST closely matches Gardner's theory of intelligence? A. Humans have multiple factors that combine to produce an overall intelligence. B. Humans have multiple intelligences only some of which are measured by IQ tests. C. Environmental enrichment during a critical period can raise intelligence as much as one standard deviation. D. Brain mapping, not IQ tests, gives us the most accurate measure of an individual's cognitive strengths.
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B
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The term that Goleman, Salvoy, and Mayer use for the ability to perceive, express, understand, use, and manage feelings is: A. interpersonal intelligence. B. emotional intelligence. C. social intelligence. D. practical intelligence.
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B
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Sternberg's and Gardner's theories of intelligence are alike in that both: A. stress the ability to adapt to novel situations. B. include one or more categories related to social intelligence. C. hypothesize a single-factor theory of intelligence. D. stress the ability to quickly identify and remember patterns.
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B
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Rapidly increasing IQ test scores around the world point to the influence of environmental factors. This phenomenon is called the: A. media effect. B. Flynn effect. C. Chapel Hill effect. D. information effect.
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B
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about early intervention programs? A. The effects are strongest for poor children. B. The benefits are no longer present after elementary school. C. High-quality center-based interventions improve intelligence and school achievement. D. The effects are strongest for children whose parents have little education.
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B
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On average, how do African American and Latino children score on IQ tests when compared to children from non-Latino White families? A. There is no significant difference in scores. B. 10 to 15 points higher C. 10 to 15 points lower D. 20 to 25 points lower
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C
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By Ken's first birthday, he should be able to do all of the following EXCEPT: A. imitate words an examiner says. B. respond to simple requests. C. jump rope for 1 minute. D. inhibit behavior when commanded to do so.
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C
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Which if the following is NOT a characteristic seen in infants that correlates with intelligence? A. habituation B. selective attention C. preference for novelty D. attachment
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D
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In one study, the correlation coefficient of measured IQ at ages 8 and 10 was .88. This shows a _____ correlation. A. strong inverse B. strong positive C. weak inverse D. weak positive
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B
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According to Baltes, expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters is called: A. enlightenment. B. wisdom. C. proficiency. D. competence.
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B
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According to research, wisdom is: A. highly correlated with cognitive factors such as intelligence. B. most frequently displayed by older adults. C. focused on life's pragmatic concerns. D. characterized by self-understanding and self-concern.
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C
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Leonard has had varied life experiences and learned much from judicious mentors. He volunteers with disadvantaged youth and is open to new adventures. Baltes and associates would say that Leonard displays: A. plasticity. B. life intelligence. C. a pragmatic aptitude. D. wisdom.
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D
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Which of the following factors contributes the MOST to a person's level of wisdom? A. age B. intelligence C. life experience D. personal happiness
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C
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To be considered gifted, one needs an IQ of at least A. 100. B. 110. C. 120. D. 130.
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D
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While traditional intelligence tests that measure IQ require convergent thinking, creativity requires: A. giftedness. B. genius. C. divergent thinking. D. deliberate practice.
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C
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What type of thinking do standardized tests in schools measure? A. convergent B. creative C. divergent D. analytical
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A
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Language is a form of communication—spoken, written, or signed—that is based on a system of: A. words. B. ideas. C. symbols. D. sounds.
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C
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What primary function does vocalization (crying, cooing, babbling and gestures) accomplish for infants? A. no function—it is reflexive B. occupies waking hours C. attracts attention from their caregivers and others D. respiratory exercise
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C
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Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates that: A. young infants are capable of distinguishing only the sounds they hear in the language spoken around them. B. the ability to distinguish all speech sounds increases as infants grow older. C. there are distinct stages in the ability of infants to perceive different speech sounds. D. infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of the language spoken around them.
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D
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Which of the following statements about language development is TRUE? A. Infants speak words before they understand them. B. Infants understand words before they speak them. C. Infants don't understand words unless they are received in a "baby talk" tone of voice. D. Infants use verbal communication before nonverbal communication.
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B
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Jenny is at the zoo with her family. She points to each animal and says "doggie." This illustrates: A. a vocabulary spurt. B. delayed vocabulary development. C. overextension. D. underextension.
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C
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According to Hart and Risley, which group of parents talked less to their young children, talked less about past events, and provided less elaboration? A. single parents B. welfare parents C. grandparents D. professional parents
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B
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Which of the following would have the LEAST positive influence on a young child's vocabulary development? A. mother's use of diverse vocabulary B. mother's talkativeness C. mother's literacy skills D. mother's use of pointing gestures while talking to her child
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B
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All of the following are precursors of literacy and academic success EXCEPT: A. conceptual knowledge about print and its conventions and functions. B. letter identification. C. phonological and syntactic knowledge. D. pragmatic skill.
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D
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Metalinguistic awareness improves considerably in the elementary school years and allows children to: A. think about their language. B. understand what words are. C. define words. D. all of these
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D
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José's basic academic subjects are taught in his native language of Spanish. English is gradually taught as a companion subject. This is an example of: A. the dual-language approach. B. integrated instruction. C. English proficiency. D. cultural diversity.
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A
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Which of the following is an example of the dual-language approach in a U.S. school? A. Ron's first language is English, and he is taking a Spanish course in middle school. B. Maria's first language is Spanish. She has a teacher who speaks Spanish during some of her classes until Maria can learn more English. C. Lynn's first language is English, and one of her teachers sometimes speaks Spanish so the children can learn a little of the language. D. Anibal's first language is Spanish. He is taking a Spanish literature class taught in Spanish in addition to his regular classes, which are taught in English.
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B
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Children who are fluent in two languages perform better than their monolingual counterparts on tests in which of the following areas? A. analytical reasoning B. concept formation C. cognitive flexibility and complexity D. all of these
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D
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The use of irony, derision, or wit to expose folly is known as: A. metaphor. B. simile. C. satire. D. abstraction.
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C
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Young adolescents often speak a dialect with their peers that is characterized by: A. unintelligible speech. B. jargon and obscenity. C. jargon and slang. D. adult language patterns.
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C
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Which area of the brain's left hemisphere is involved in language comprehension? A. LAD B. Broca's C. aphasic D. Wernicke's
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D
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Which statement is true of child-directed speech? A. It is generally automatic. B. Language is spoken in a higher pitch with simple words and sentences. C. It captures the infant's attention and maintains communication. D. all of these
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D
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Sixty-five-year-old Ruth is talking on the phone. She stops speaking to search her memory for the right word to use. This is an example of: A. age-related cognitive deficits. B. dementia. C. the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. D. satire.
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C
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Brocca's and Wernicke's areas are predisposed for language functioning and are located in which part of the brain? A. occipital lobe B. temporal lobe C. right hemisphere D. left hemisphere
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D
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Aman's son is looking at pictures in a book. Aman asks his son to name the objects that he sees. Aman is teaching language by practicing: A. labeling. B. listing. C. echoing. D. decoding.
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A
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Baron provided suggestions to parents to facilitate language development in toddlers. Which of the following is NOT one of her suggestions? A. Ask questions that encourage answers other than "Yes" and "No." B. Be an active conversational partner. C. Avoid the use of humor during conversation. D. Remember to listen.
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C
