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The Dutch, French, and British respectively depended on which list to make their fortunes in the Americas?

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Trade, fur, and land

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Which of the following was a result of new trade routes to Asia and developing economic ties to the Americas?

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-Even common people became subject to global economic fluctuations. -Greater wealth meant countries could support larger armies. -Some states became much more powerful. -Some regimes became increasingly destabilized. NOT: The standard of living for people rose everywhere across the globe.

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The Qing dynasty was founded by

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Manchu mercenaries invited to China to help suppress a rebellion.

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Many countries shipped slaves to the Americas. Who did most of the actual capturing of slaves in Africa?

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Africans

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Which of the following contributed to the collapse of the Ottomans and Mughals?

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-Poor leadership -Mounting debts and other fiscal problems -Independent-acting local elites -Military failures against enemies NOT: Increasing trade opportunities with the Europeans

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Economics in the Americas relied heavily on all of the following

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-tobacco plantations. -sugar plantations. -fur trading. -slaving. NOT: opium plantations.

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Like the Ming, the Qing

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believed that internal trade and agriculture was the basis of secure society.

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The Dutch established themselves in the Dutch East Indies by

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destroying all competitors in order to monopolize the spice trade.

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Which of the following is an element of Mughal India at its cultural apex?

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-The Akbarnama (or Book of Akbar) -The Taj Mahal -Miniature paintings -The hybridization of Hindu and Muslim art forms NOT: Strict rejection of all Hindu culture

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Culturally, the Ottomans were

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flexible, relatively tolerant, and diverse.

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In their quest to understand and classify the world, early European anthropologists began to divide the world's populations into

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races

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At their apex, the Mughals

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absorbed and adopted European military technology.

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In the days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japanese culture represented a composite that blended elements of

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Japanese, European, and Chinese cultures.

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China avoided the religious warfare of post-Reformation Europe because

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Chinese religion is tolerant because it is syncretic, diffused, and decentralized.

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Which of the following is an element of Ming culture in its last one hundred years?

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-A highly developed understanding of astronomy -The introduction of Christianity through Jesuit -missionaries -An explosion of printing -Popularity of Buddhist and Daoist sects among the common people NOT: A stoic form of theater called No [Please add diacritical], based on China's warrior elite class

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During this period, new popular cultures

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began to question the authority of traditional rulers using satire.

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Qing China's official response to British requests for open trading practices was

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to declare that China had no use for Europe's manufactured goods.

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As trade accelerated, merchants and financiers began to recognize the greater potential of free trade. The first countries to actually implement free trade practice was

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Britain and France

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As British influence in Mughal India expanded, the Mughal emperor

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was left on his throne to maintain much of the civil administration of India.

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All of the following contributed to the North American War of Independence

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-new ideas about the rights of citizens to good government and what good government was. -the British crown's attempt to stamp out smuggling among the colonists. -the British crown's attempt to make the colonies pay for the Seven Years' War. -the British crown's attempt to tax colonists without allowing representation in Parliament. NOT: the British crown's commitment to policies reflecting the ideals of "liberty for all."

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All of the following contributed to the French Revolution

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-the example of the American Revolution. -a growing resentment among the French toward corruption in the church and court. -the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789. -heavy debts from France's support for the American colonies' war against England. NOT: increasing popularity of the view that social place was fixed by God and not to be disputed.

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Most of Latin America's successful revolutions were dominated by elite men of either pure or mixed European descent. One that succeeded in liberating slaves, however, was fought in

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Saint-Domingue (Haiti)

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The beginning of Napoleon's swift decline came with a loss to

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Russia

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Egypt's Muhammad Ali reformed his country by instituting all of the following changes?

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-The construction of engineering schools -Modernizing reforms in the military -Irrigating canals and dams -A new medical campus in Cairo NOT: Cultural transformations designed to strengthen Christianity

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The Chinese armada headed by Zheng He during the Ming dynasty was

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proved by its distant travels to be the world's greatest at the time.

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The Ming dynasty emperors based their power on all of the following

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-the Forbidden City. -an extensive bureaucracy selected by an examination -an elaborate protocol of rites and ceremonies -terror NOT: an elite class of warriors called the janissaries.

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After the Delhi Sultanate collapsed in India, it was replaced by the

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Mughal Empire.

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How did the Mongol invasions contribute to the rise of the Ottomans and Safavids?

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The Mongols destroyed old states, leaving a vacuum that the two empires could then fill.

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The Mongols...

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failed to establish enduring dynasties in the Islamic territories they conquered.

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The Safavid Empire persecuted those who did not follow

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Shiism

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The epidemic associated with the Black Plague impacted history in all of the following ways?

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-It killed tens of millions in China -It destroyed agriculture and led to famine by destroying farmers. -It drained cities as people sought food and security in the countryside -It contributed to a growing sense of desolation among survivors NOT: It strengthened the power of church and state wherever it hit.

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Peasant-led revolts during the period of crisis and recovery in Afro-Eurasia

answer

sometimes led to the overthrow of the ruling power and the establishment of a new dynasty.

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