Question 1

The two major categories of the processes used by individuals for behavior change are

Accepted Answer

cognitive and behavioral

Question 2

***Reasons for attrition from exercise programs can be classified as

Accepted Answer

internal and uncontrollable

Question 3

***As a person moves through the stages of changes, reasons for exercise become more

Accepted Answer

one\'s mental outlook on the environment  one\'s emotional environment

Question 4

The setting producing the best adherence is  a. worksite  b. community  c. hospital based  d. home  e. fitness club

Accepted Answer

community

Question 5

***Which of the following is NOT a guideline for setting up an exercise program to enhance adherence?

Accepted Answer

a and c

Question 6

Studies have shown that in terms of barriers to exercise,

Accepted Answer

there were no differences between whites and blacks

Question 7

***Contracts to enhance exercise adherence should include

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 8

Which of the following statements is (are) true of the use of a decision balance sheet?  a. It involves sensitizing potential exercise participants to the positive and negative outcomes of participating in an exercise program.  b. It helps exercise leaders make decisions on who will adhere to an exercise program.  c. It helps exercise leaders make decisions concerning the best activities for the exercisers.  d. all of the above  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 9

According to research on association and dissociation strategies and adherence,

Accepted Answer

a and c

Question 10

Two ways to increase intrinsic motivation for exercise are to focus on one\'s self and have what type of orientation?  a. product  b. outcome  c. process  d. performance  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

process

Question 11

Building rapport with an injured athlete can be accomplished by  a. being there  b. showing empathy  c. being overly optimistic  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the procedures used in the rehabilitation process?  a. educating individuals relative to the injury and recovery process  b. fostering social support  c. being overly optimistic  d. building rapport with the injured individual  e. preparing the individual to cope with setbacks

Accepted Answer

being overly optimistic

Question 13

Which is the first stage of the grief reaction response?  a. anger  b. acceptance and reorganization  c. rationalization  d. depression  e. denial

Accepted Answer

Denial

Question 14

***In a study by Smith, Smoll, and Ptacek examining the relationship between life stress, social support, coping skills, and injury, the researchers found that  In a study by Smith, Smoll, and Ptacek examining the relationship between life stress, social support, coping skills, and injury, the researchers found that  a. athletes with high levels of life stress had the highest injury rates  b. athletes with high levels of life stress and low levels of social support and coping exhibited the highest injury rates  c. athletes with low levels of social support, high levels of life stress, and high coping skills exhibited the highest injury rates  d. athletes with high levels of life stress and high levels of social support exhibited the highest injury rates  e. there was no relationship between life stress, social support, coping skills, and injury rates

Accepted Answer

Wrong: D, B

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of grief reaction?

Accepted Answer

rationalization

Question 16

A variety of studies investigated the effects of psychological training on adherence to injury rehabilitation protocols. Which of the following psychological factors was (were) found to be related to rehabilitation adherence?

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 17

The three phases of injury recovery as expressed in the model by Bianco, Malo, and Orlick (1999) include which of the following?  a. injury or illness phase  b. injury and pain management phase  c. rehabilitation and recovery phase  d. a and b  e. a and c

Accepted Answer

a and c

Question 18

***According to Cupal and Brewer\'s (2001) study on effects of imagery and relaxation on recovery from injury, relaxation plus imagery versus a control or placebo control condition produced

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 19

Which of the following is (are) a psychological skill employed during the rehabilitation process?  a. goal setting  b. self-talk  c. relaxation  d. all of the above  e. a and c

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 20

From a study of injured elite skiers, which of the following was NOT a recommendation to other athletes for coping with season-ending injuries and facilitating rehabilitation?  a. Set goals.  b. Use imagery.  c. Focus on quantity training.  d. Use social resources.  e. Work on mental skills training.

Accepted Answer

Focus on quantity training.

Question 21

Which of the following is (are) common among the side effects of ingesting anabolic steroids?  a. increased risk of liver disease  b. increased aggression  c. loss of coordination  d. premature heart disease  e. all of the above

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 22

Research suggests that people are less likely to take drugs if they have  a. a low level of anxiety  b. high self-esteem  c. a low level of aggression  d. a highly competitive nature  e. all of the above

Accepted Answer

high self-esteem

Question 23

The major categories of drugs in sport and exercise are performance-enhancing and recreational drugs. Performance-enhancing drugs include

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 24

Which of the following is (are) a symptom of a person who is negatively addicted to exercise?  a. increased tolerance to the amount of exercise performed  b. exercise given increased priority over other activities  c. relief or withdrawal of symptoms by further exercise  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 25

***According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which of the following is (are) characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

b and c

Question 26

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) states that one of the criteria for psychoactive substance abuse is that the disturbance has persisted for at least

Accepted Answer

one month

Question 27

***Which of the following personality traits is (are) related to eating disorders in athletes?

Accepted Answer

a and c

Question 28

Which of the following is (are) characteristic of bulimia?  a. Eating behavior results in significant weight loss.  b. Eating behavior is excessive in an effort to feel better.  c. Feelings of guilt from eating result in purging.  d. all of the above  e. b and c

Accepted Answer

b and c

Question 29

The two most abused substances in the United States are

Accepted Answer

alcohol and tobacco

Question 30

Unusual eating patterns are often one of the best indicators of an eating disorder. If a person hides food and disappears after eating, this can be a sign of

Accepted Answer

bulimia

Question 31

According to the research on gender and coaches\' burnout,

Accepted Answer

no conclusive results have been found

Question 32

Overtraining refers to a training cycle of approximately  a. a few days to a few weeks  b. a few weeks to two months  c. a few days to one year  d. a few days to six months  e. six months to one year

Accepted Answer

a few days to a few weeks

Question 33

In a series of studies involving competitive youth tennis players, Gould and colleagues found that burnout involved  a. logistical concerns  b. social and interpersonal concerns  c. physical concerns  d. all of the above  e. b and c

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 34

Increased burnout among athletes in recent years is due to which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 35

***The factor that youth tennis players note most often regarding their reasons for burnout is

Accepted Answer

physiological

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of burnout?

Accepted Answer

elevated resting heart rate

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a component of Smith\'s model of burnout?  a. situational demands  b. cognitive appraisal of demands  c. cognitive responses  d. physiological responses  e. coping behaviors

Accepted Answer

cognitive responses

Question 38

According to Silva\'s study, which of the following was identified as a cause of overtraining?  a. too much physical training  b. too much pressure  c. constant negative feedback from the coach  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 39

Raedeke argues that burnout can be studied within a sport commitment approach. In essence, many athletes feel burned out but nevertheless continue to participate in their sport because of

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 40

Recent research by Meehan and colleagues has indicated that feelings of overtraining can occur because of

Accepted Answer

nonsport stress

Question 41

***The goal most often given by exercisers was

Accepted Answer

to lose weight

Question 42

Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?

Accepted Answer

a and b  (10% to 15% of all adults participate in vigorous and frequent physical activity, 50% of adults are sedentary)

Question 43

The theory of planned behavior extends the theory of reasoned action by including the factor of

Accepted Answer

perceived behavioral control

Question 44

According to research on adherence to exercise programs, what percentage of individuals starting an exercise program will likely drop out after six months?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 45

According to charting attendance and participation approaches, charts can be important in  a. maintaining interest  b. keeping people constantly informed  c. enhancing the effects of social facilitation  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 46

The premise of the health belief model is that individuals will engage in preventive health behaviors depending on the individual\'s perception of the  a. severity of possible illnesses  b. time available to exercise  c. social support network  d. exercise history  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

severity of possible illnesses

Question 47

In a research study, exercise adherence in a walking program was maximized when participants were called _______ to prompt them to walk.  a. once a week  b. once a month  c. once every other week  d. every day  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

Once a week

Question 48

Which of the following findings using behavior modification approaches to exercise adherence is (are) true?  a. A poster encouraging stair climbing instead of taking the elevator immediately increased people\'s incidences of taking the stairs from 6% to 34%.  b. People willing to sign a statement of intent to comply with the exercise program had significantly better attendance than those refusing to sign such a statement.  c. Individuals given a choice concerning the activities they participated in had higher levels of adherence than individuals who were not given a choice.  d. a and b  e. b and c

Accepted Answer

B and C

Question 49

Studies on social support as a strategy to help adherence have indicated that  a. social support, compared to a lack of it in control groups, produces increases in adherence  b. social support does not increase adherence  c. social support works only with support from spouses and family  d. social support works only with support from close friends  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

social support, compared to a lack of it in control groups, produces increases in adherence

Question 50

Exercise can be beneficial in which of the following ways?  a. weight control  b. building self-esteem  c. reducing the risk of hypertension  d. all of the above  e. a and c

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 51

rregular exercisers, compared to regular exercisers, place more significance on  a. goals that are more difficult  b. goals that are too easy  c. goals that are interfering  d. goals that are specific  e. goals that are general

Accepted Answer

Goals that are interfering

Question 52

Based on research findings, which of the following statements is (are) true?  a. Attendance contracts and lotteries are successful in improving adherence rates.  b. Individual feedback produces more adherence than group feedback.  c. Self-reward increases adherence rates.  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 53

Which of the following has NOT been identified as a sign of potential problematic adjustment to athletic injury?  a. rapid mood swings  b. withdrawal from significant others  c. high levels of anxiety  d. feelings of anger and confusion  e. exaggerated bragging about accomplishments

Accepted Answer

High levels of anxiety

Question 54

n interviews with fast- and slow-healing athletes, Ievleva and Orlick found that fast healers used more  a. goal setting  b. positive self-talk  c. relaxation  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 55

In a study by Gould and colleagues (1997), the greatest sources of stress for individuals rehabilitating from injury were  a. psychological and physical  b. psychological and social  c. physical and social  d. physical and emotional  e. emotional and behavioral

Accepted Answer

psychological and social

Question 56

According to Hardy and Crace, social support may take the form of  a. emotional support  b. informational support  c. qualitative support  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 57

Research by Perna and colleagues using cognitive-behavioral stress management on rowers found  a. a decrease in days lost due to injury over the season  b. fewer rowers got injured throughout the season  c. there was no effect on days lost due to injury over the season  d. injury actually increased in rowers across the season  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

a decrease in days lost due to injury over the season

Question 58

Based on research by Petitpas and Danish, which of the following is (are) psychological reaction(s) associated with injury?  a. identity loss  b. lack of confidence  c. fear and anxiety  d. all of the above  e. a and c

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 59

Which of the following is (are) a psychological reason(s) for athletes to use drugs?  a. build confidence  b. reduce anxiety  c. increase extroversion  d. a and b  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

build confidence

Question 60

The rate of steroid use in high schools has increased from 1 in 27 in 1999 to what in 2003?  a. 1 in 10  b. 1 in 16  c. 1 in 20  d. 1 in 7  e. 1 in 22

Accepted Answer

1 in 16

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of people who are substance abusers?  a. major change in personality  b. poor hygiene and grooming  c. very little sweating  d. impaired judgment  e. muscle twitches

Accepted Answer

very little sweating

Question 62

According to Thompson, eating disorders are likely to appear in individuals with  a. low self-esteem  b. high stress levels related to pleasing others  c. high levels of aggression  d. all of the above  e. a and b

Accepted Answer

a and b

Question 63

Which of the following major professional sports does NOT have a mandatory drug policy?  a. baseball  b. basketball  c. hockey  d. football  e. none of the above

Accepted Answer

hockey

Question 64

When discussing the effects of anabolic steroids with athletes, coaches should  a. discuss the health risks involved in taking anabolic steroids  b. deemphasize the performance gains of anabolic steroids  c. inform the athletes of the policy of the organization in cases of drug use  d. all of the above  e. a and c

Accepted Answer

a and c

KINS3350 Exam 5 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards