Kinetics of De-Esterification for Synthesis of Benzoic Acid Essay Example

gloves and goggles, being aware of suspicious activity, wearing proper clothing such as pants and closed-toed shoes, and refraining from eating, drinking or smoking in the lab. The data collected in this experiment included varying ethanol concentration in the reactant solution and temperature of reactor parameters. Stirrer speed was not varied due to similar findings in a related experiment by Peace et. al., which revealed that there was no practical difference in Ethyl Abnegate and Sodium abnegate concentration profiles at different rotational frequencies of the stirrer (Figure 5.1). Furthermore, figures 4.1 and 4.2 show rate law data plotted against time at 25% and 35% OTOH concentrations and constant temperature conditions at 30th concentrations respectively.As the temperature increases, the rate constant also increases when the Ethanol concentration remains constant. This applies to both 25% and 35% OTOH by volume. Additionally, higher temperature reactions exhibit greater variance and closer adherence to expected values. However, this was not observed for 35% OTOH due to various sources of error related to tedium. The study sought to determine the rate constant (k) for the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of ethyl abnegate based on varying reactor temperature and OTOH mole fraction in reactant solution using a volumetric analysis (titration) to assess final ethyl abnegate concentration. The resulting data is presented in figures 5.1 and 5.2, with the slopes indicating the rate constant value at a given temperature since concentration vs. time data plots a linear model based on the rate law derived in section 2.2. The reversible nature of the reaction means that Benzene Acid concentration should increase along with reaction time due to a rate-determining step at equilibrium. An overnight sample

titrated at a concentration of 0.0911 from a 0.MM concentration confirmed this.This fugue depicts ICC as dotted lines and 45 co as solid lines. When the temperature is constant, a lower OTOH mole fraction results in a higher concentration of Benzene acid, which is true for both temperatures. However, the initial trial of the 25% OTOH was unsuccessful due to several sources of error. To confirm that the rate constants correlate with the Benzene acid concentration, the Awareness constants are determined by adjusting the controlled variables and then verified with fugue 3. Figure 6.1 shows that the rate constant, k, is dependent on reactor temperature. Table 6.1 displays the Awareness constants, k (L mol-1 s-1), Ketch, and XIAO (L/mol*s) for various values. The main objective of this experiment is to determine the order of reaction for the reactants, ethyl abnegate and sodium hydroxide, which has been established as a second-order reaction. The experiment also seeks to estimate the pre-exponential factor (AY) and activation energy (EAI) for the benzene acid synthesis reaction based on the temperature's influence on the rate constant. A previous study involving ethyl acetate's esterification reaction yielded similar results with a first-order reaction due to one reactant dominating over another.The experiments were carried out at various temperatures (40, 45, and ICC) while maintaining a constant agitation rate of 250 RPM. However, due to a mechanical issue with the equipment, the ICC trial was stopped, resulting in only two temperature trials being used to calculate the rate constant. Despite the results showing correlation with past experiments and literature values, the accuracy of rate constant values was skewed by a factor of 10, and there

was a fluctuation in product concentration during titration iterations.

The potential reasons for these errors are outlined as follows: Firstly, an inaccurate thermocouple may have caused the temperature readings to fluctuate by ±ICC degrees Celsius. The first two samples taken at temperatures tested (40 and ICC) had intervals of 10 and 20 minutes that were "cloudy" even after quenching and cooling processes, indicating temperature control might have been a factor. Secondly, improper usage of the equipment that required specific input strings and values could have caused incorrect coding on its keyboard resulting in altered values.

Additionally, the equipment had its mechanical issues where it would not provide results for the endpoint (benzene acid concentration) but would list the amount of Noah dispensed. During two calculations, alkali solution volume was dispensed to backtrack excess acid.The titration process may have caused contamination of the quenched solution in two ways: either the pH probe was not properly cleansed with Ethanol due to its sensitivity, or the Teflon (PETE) magnetic stir bar was not washed with ODL water for future use. The use of tiresome data analysis in two lab experiment groups could have resulted in contamination. Inaccurate titration results may have occurred due to difficulty in retrieving exactly 10 ml of sample during the extracting process. Running multiple trials at the same conditions was impossible due to time constraints. Heating the batch and running experiments each took a significant amount of time, making it difficult to clean and empty equipment between each run. By comparing Batch-based and Bodiless synthesis, various branches of stratification have developed in recent decades, modeling large scale industrial synthesis of Benzene acid and bodiless. Understanding the

kinetics of these syntheses can lead to new chemical processes in fields such as renewable energy and advance the chemical engineering field.