Kaplan Organic Chemistry Chapter 1 : Nomenclature – Flashcards

Naming system that creates an unambiguous relationship between the name and the structure of the compound

1. Identify the Longest Carbon Chain Containing Chain Containing the Highest Order Functional Group 2. Number the Chain 3. Name the Substituents 4. Assign a Number to Each Substituent - Assign the lowest number 5. Complete the Name -number followed by alphabetical order of subsituents

Longest chain containing the highest order functional group

Functional groups that are not part of the parent chain Atoms besides carbon and hydrogen, such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, or halogens. They increase the oxidation state of the carbon and provide higher priority.

Functional groups that are not part of the parent chain. Substituents names will be placed at the beginning of the compound name as a prefix followed by the name of the parent chain If multiple substituents name will be placed in alphabetical order by number corresponding to their location on the parent chain.

Simple hydrocarbons with formula CnH(2n+2) H ave the -ane suffix Ex. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

Halogen substituents on alkanes Ex - fluoro, -bromo, -chloro, -iodo

Hydrocarbons with double bonds with formula of CnH(2n+2) Have the -ene suffix

Hydrocarbons with triple bonds with the formula CnH(2n -2) Have the -yne suffix

Hydrocabons with -OH substituent group Have the -ol suffix

Groups with 2 Alcohols

2 Alcohols on the same carbon

Hydrocarbon with a terminal carbonyl group Have the -al suffix

Hydrocarbon with a carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain Have the -one suffix Will have the prefix -oxo/-keto if not the highest order functional group

Hydrocarbons containing both a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group on a terminal carbons Have the -oic acid suffix v

Carboxylic acid derivative in which the hydroxyl group is replaced with an alkoxy group Have the -oate suffix

Carboxylic acid derivative in which the hydroxyl group is replaced with an amino group Have the -amide suffix

Carboxylic acid derivative in which to carboxylic acids react via dehydration to Many are formed cyclically Have the suffix - anhydride

Highest Order Group- Prefix- , -Suffix Carboxylic Acid, carboxy- , - oic acid Anhydride, - alkanoyloxycarbonyl Ester, alkoxycarbonyl- , -oate Amide, carbamoyl- or amido-, -amide Aldehyde, oxo- , -al Ketone , oxo- or keto-, -one Alcohol, hydroxy- , -ol Alkene/Alkyne, alkenyl- or alkynyl, -ene or yne *In rings the alkene is higher priority Alkane, alkyl-, -ane Lowest Order