Introduction to Engineering and Design EOC Study Guide – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Invention
answer
a new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.
question
Innovation
answer
An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
question
Brainstorm
answer
A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion.
question
Constraint
answer
A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials and human capabilities. A limitation or restriction.
question
Design
answer
An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems. A plan of drawing produced to show the look and functino or workings of something before it is built or made. A decorative pattern.
question
Design Brief
answer
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. the design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
question
Design Statement
answer
A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the soultion must be executed.
question
Engineering Notebook
answer
An engineering notebook is a book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project.
question
Prototype
answer
A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
question
Research
answer
The systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
question
Tonal Shading
answer
The representation of light and shade on a sketch or map.
question
Center Line
answer
A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts.
question
Extension Line
answer
Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops.
question
Dimension Line
answer
A line which represents distance.
question
Object Line
answer
A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object.
question
Construction
answer
Line lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes.
question
Hidden Line
answer
A line type the represents and edge that is not directly visible.
question
Orthographic Projection
answer
A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle Projection.
question
Leader Line
answer
Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail.
question
Cabinet Pictorial
answer
Oblique pictorial where depth is represented as half scaled compared to the height and width scale.
question
Cavalier Pictorial
answer
Oblique pictorial where height, width, and depth are represented at full scale.
question
Pictorial Sketch
answer
A sketch that shows an object's height, width and depth in a single view.
question
Isometric Sketch
answer
A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.
question
Perspective Sketch
answer
A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye.
question
Multi-View Drawing
answer
A drawing which contains views of an object projected onto tow or more othographic planes.
question
Oblique Sketch
answer
A form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle.
question
Technical Working Drawing
answer
A drawing that is used to show the material, size and shape of a product for manufacturing purposes.
question
Accuracy
answer
The degree of closeness of measurements to the actual or accepted value.
question
Precision
answer
The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
question
Histogram
answer
A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.
question
Statistics
answer
Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting and drawing conclusions based on data.
question
Standard Deviation
answer
Measure of the spread of data values.
question
Normal Distribution
answer
A function that represents the distribution of variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph.
question
Mode
answer
The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.
question
Range
answer
Diference between the largest and smallest values that occur in a set of data.
question
Median
answer
A measure of center in a set of numerical data.
question
Significant Digits
answer
The digits in a decmial number that carry meaning contributing to the precision or accuracy of the quantity.
question
Central Tendency
answer
The center of a distribution: mean, median or mode.
question
Calipers
answer
A measuring instrument having two adjustable jaws typically used to measure distance or thickness.
question
Model
answer
A visual, mathematical,or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original.
question
Annotate
answer
To add explanatory notes to a drawing.
question
Component
answer
A part or element of a larger whole.
question
Physical Model
answer
A physical representation of an object. Prototypes and appearance models are physical models.
question
Scale Model
answer
An enlarged or reduced representation of an object that is usually intended for study purposes.
question
Geometric Constraint
answer
Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity.
question
Solid Modeling
answer
A type of 3D CAD modeling that represents the volume of an object, not just its lines and surfaces.
question
Mathematical Modeling
answer
The process of choosing and using appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze empirical situations, to understand them better and to improve decisions.
question
Working Drawings
answer
Drawing that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design.
question
Acute Triangle
answer
A triangle that contains only angles that are less than 90 degrees.
question
Center of Gravity
answer
A 3D point where the total weight of the body may be considered to be concentrated.
question
Centroid
answer
3D point defining the geometric center of a solid.
question
Tangent
answer
A straight or curved line that intersects a circle or arc at one point only.
question
Circumscribe
answer
A triangle located round a polygon such as a circle. To draw a figure around another, touching it at points but not cutting it.
question
Principal Axes
answer
The lines of intersection created from three mutually perpendicular planes, with the three planes' point of intersection at the centroid of the part.
question
Density
answer
The measures of mass density is a measure of mass per volume.
question
Volume
answer
The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object or enclosed within a container.
question
Inscribe
answer
To draw a figure within another so that their boundaries touch but do not intersect.
question
Obtuse Triangle
answer
A triangle with one angle that is greater than 90 degrees.
question
Fillet
answer
A curve formed at the interior intersection between two or more surfaces.
question
Right Triangle
answer
A triangle that has a 90 degree angle.
question
Asymmetry
answer
Symmetry in which both halves of a composition are not identical. Also referred to as informal balance.
question
Symmetry
answer
The correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a median line or about central axis. Also referred to as formal balance.
question
Proportion
answer
The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure.
question
Balance
answer
A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial.
question
Form
answer
Having the three dimensions of length, width, and depth. Also referred to as a solid. The organization, placement, or relationship of basic elements, as volumes or voids in a sculpture, so as to produce a coherent image.
question
Color
answer
The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.
question
Rhythm
answer
A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.
question
Graphic Design
answer
The art of combining text and pictures in advertisements, magazines, books, etc.
question
Contrast
answer
The state of being noticeable different from something else when put or considered together.
question
Texture
answer
The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance or fabric.
question
Pattern
answer
A repeated decorative design.
question
Radial Symmetry
answer
Symmetry about a central axis.
question
Value
answer
The lightness or darkness of a color in relation to a scale ranging from white to black.
question
Reverse Engineering
answer
The process of taking something apart and analyzing its workings in detail.
question
Shape
answer
The two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form.
question
Emphasis
answer
Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
question
Technical Reports
answer
Communicate technical information and conclusions about projects to customers, managers, legal authority figures, and other engineers.
question
Aligned Dimension
answer
A system of dimensioning which requires all numerals, figures, and notes to be aligned with the dimension lines so that they may be read from the bottom (for horizontal dimensions) and from the right side (for vertical dimensions).
question
Baseline Dimensioning System
answer
Dimensioning in which all dimensions are placed from a datum and not from feature to feature.
question
Chain Dimensioning
answer
Also known as point-to-point dimensioning where dimensions are established from one point to the next.
question
Limit Dimensions
answer
The largest and smallest possible boundaries to which a feature may be made as related to the tolerance of the dimension.
question
Location Dimension
answer
A location dimension that defines the relationship of features of an object.
question
Reference Dimension
answer
A dimension, usually without a tolerance, used for information purposes. A reference is a repeat of a given dimension or established from other values shown on a drawing. Reference dimensions are enclosed in ( ) on the drawing.
question
Datum Dimensioning
answer
A dimensioning system where each dimension originates from a common surface, plane, or axis. Also known as baseline dimensioning.
question
Unidirectional Dimension
answer
A tolerance in which variation is permitted in both directions from the specified dimension.
question
Tolerance
answer
The acceptable amount of dimensional variation that will still allow an object to function correctly.
question
Nominal Size
answer
The designation of the size established for a commercial product.
question
Bilateral Tolerance
answer
A tolerance in which variation is permitted in both directions form the specified dimension.
question
Allowance
answer
The tightest possible fit between two mating parts.
question
Clearance Fit
answer
Limits the size of mating parts so that a clearance always results when mating parts are assembled.
question
Interference
answer
The amount of overlap that one part has with another when assembled.
question
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
answer
A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the development and use of a voluntary consensus standards in the U.S.
question
Technical Writing
answer
A type of expository writing that is used to convey information for technical or business purposes.
question
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
answer
A professional engineering organization that is known for setting codes and standards for mechanical devices in the U.S.
question
Parts List
answer
A list of materials or parts specified for a project. Also referred to as a bill of materials or BOM
question
International Organization for Standardization (IOS)
answer
This is a worldwide organization that creates engineering standards.
question
Decision Matrix
answer
A tool used to compare design solutions against one another, using specific criteria.
question
Market Research
answer
The activity of gathering information about consumers' needs and preferences.
question
Auxiliary View
answer
A view that is used to show features that is located on an inclined surface in true size and shape.
question
Section Lines
answer
Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting place line has cut through material.
question
Broken-Out Section
answer
A section of an object broken away to reveal an interior feature for a sectional drawing.
question
Working Drawings
answer
Drawings that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design.
question
Full Section
answer
A sectional drawing based on a cutting place line that extends completely through an object.
question
Detail View
answer
A view that is used to show a magnified view of features that are too small to adequately specify in another view.
question
Part Drawing
answer
A drawing that contains all the information for making one part of the design.
question
Half Section
answer
A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that cuts through one-quarter of an object. A half section reveals half of the interior and half of the exterior.
question
Section View
answer
Used to show "inside" details not apparent on the exterior of the part.
question
Cutting Plane Line
answer
A line drawn on a view where a cut was made in order to define the location of the imaginary section plane.
question
Blind Hole
answer
A hole that does not go completely through the work piece.
question
Taper
answer
Gradual diminution of width or thickness in an elongated object.
question
Counter Bore
answer
A cylindrical recess around a hole, usually to receive a bolt head or nut.
question
Tapped Holes
answer
Has internal threads.
question
Countersink
answer
A conical-shaped recess around a hole, often used to receive a tapered screw.
question
Phantom Line
answer
A line used to show the alternate positions of an object or matching part without interfering with the main drawing.
question
Exploded Assembly
answer
An assembly drawing in which parts are moved out of position along an axis so that each individual part is visible.
question
Ratio
answer
The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
question
Rib
answer
A relatively thin flat member acting as a brace support. Also called a web.
question
Numeric Constraint
answer
A number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the size of location of a geometric figure.
question
Parameter
answer
A property of a system whose value determines how the system will behave.
question
Parametric Modeling
answer
A CAD modeling method that uses parameters to define the size and geometry of features and to create relationships between features. Changing a parameter value updates all related features of the model at once.
question
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
answer
The U.S. federal agency with a mission to protect human health and the environment.
question
Ergonomics
answer
The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, machines, or work-space so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently.
question
Virtual Team
answer
A group of people that rely primarily or exclusively on electronic forms of communication to work together in accomplishing goals.
question
Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
answer
A government organization whose mission is to assure the safety and health of America's workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training; outreach, and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and health.
question
Ethics
answer
The moral principles governing or influencing conduct.
question
Norms
answer
Principles of right action, binding upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior.
