infectious exam 2 – Flashcards
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| vaginosis / vaginitis prominent normal flora |
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| lactobacillus veillonella mobiluncus gardnerella vaginalis |
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| vaginitis agents |
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| trichomas vaginalis candida albicans (35% of all cases) |
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| KINDS OF ENCEPHALITIS |
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| viral focal viral others |
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| vaginosis (50% of all cases vaginitis and vaginosis) |
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| mobiluncus gardnerella vaginalis |
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| KINDS OF VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS |
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| --high mortality; high incidence of severe neurological sequelae ARBOVIRUS: causes epidemic DIFFUSE encephalitis in summer/fall months eastern equine encephalitis western equine encephalitis st.louis encephalitis california encephalitis serogroup (laCross virus) west nile encephalitis |
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| AGENTS OF FOCAL VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS |
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| HSV - sporadic, focal encephalitis all year round rabies virus polio virus |
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| URINARY TRACT PROBLEMS |
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| cystitis pyelonephritis kidney stones hematogenously acquired UTO |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE CYSTITIS -acute uncomplicated cystitis in women |
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| e.coli (mOST COMMON AGENT) staphylococcus saprophyticus klebsiella pneumoniae proteus mirabilis enterococcus mixed infections streptococcus agalactiae SKEEPS |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE COMPLICATED UTI |
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| e.coli (MOST COMMON AGENT OF COMPLICATED UTI) enterococcus pseudomonas aeruginosa staphylococcus epidermidis mixed infections SEEP |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE CATHETER ASSOCIATED UTI |
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| candida (MOST COMMON AGENT OF CATHETER UTI) e.coli mixed infections others (viral agents, mycoplasma) |
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| AGENTS THATA CAUSE PYELONEPHRITIS acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in women |
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| E.COLI (MOST COMMON AGENT OF PYELONEPHRITIS) proteus mirabilis klebsiella pneumoniae mixed infections others (viral agents, mycoplasma) KEMP |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE KIDNEY STONE -produce urease |
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| corynebacterium urealyticum proteus mirabilis klebsiella pneumoniae staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE HEMATOGENOUSLY ACQUIRED UTI |
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| s. aureus (MOST COMMON AGENT) streptococci candida spp |
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| COMPLICATIONS OF UTI INFECTIONS |
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| bacteremia that leads to distributive shock |
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| SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES |
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| syphillis chancroid gonorrhoeae chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) genital herpes cervical papillomas & condyloma acuminatum (external anogenital warts) |
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| GENITAL ULCER DISEASES (STD) |
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| syphillis chancroid lymphogranuloma venereum genital herpes |
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| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS |
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| meningitis encephalitis slow virus encephalitis diseases meningoencephalitis/abscesses/mass lesions peripheral nerve involvement neurtoxic diseases |
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| BACTERIAL AGENTS OF MENINGITIS (meningoencephalitis) |
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| bacteria is most common cause of purulent/pyogenic meningitis. severe diagnosis, age-dependent etiology. steptococcus pneumonia neisseria meningitidis haemophilus influenzae, type b streptococcus agalactiae e.coli klebsiella pneumoniae listeria monocytogenes mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| VIRAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE (ASEPTIC) MENINGITIS |
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| mumps virus (can be immunized) non-polio enteroviruses - ECHO virus, Coxsackie viruses, enteroviruses 68-71 HH6 and HH7 lympocytic choriomeningitis virus arboviruses HSV-2-mollaret's meningitis |
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| TETANUS VS MENINGITIS |
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| tetanus mimics signs and symptoms of meningitis but tetanus is not meningitis, it is a neurotoxemia, like botulism |
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| FUNGAL AGENT THAT CAUSES MENINGITIS |
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| cryptococcus neoformans var grubii |
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| OTHER AGENTS OF ENCEPHALITIS |
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| -enteroviruses: echovirus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus 68-71 -CMV -severe T cell suppressed (AIDS or transplant patient) -lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus -measles, mumps virus |
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| BACTERIAL AGENTS OF ENCEPHALITIS |
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| mycoplasma pneumoniae listeria monocytogenes |
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| FUNGAL AGENTS OF ENCEPHALITIS |
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| cryptococcus neoformans var grubii |
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| SLOW VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS DISEASEES |
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| -HIV-HIV1 associated cognitive/motor complex (AIDS dementia complex) -progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - polyomaviruses - papovirus; JCv virus, affects severe T cell suppressed/AIDs or transplant patients -subacute, sclerosing panencephalopathy (caused by measles rubeola virus |
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| MENINGOENCEPHALITIS/ABSCESSES / MASS LESIONS where do they occur? |
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| epidural, subdural, brain parenchyma; focal seizures |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE BACTERIAL ABSCESSES |
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| s. aureus -anaerboic mixed infections -listeria monocytogenes MTB |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE FUNGAL ABSCESSES |
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| Cryptococcosis - cryptococcus neoformans var grubii -severe t cell suppression; AIDS / transplant patient |
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| PROTOZOAN THAT CAUSE ABSCESSES |
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| toxoplasmosis - toxoplasma gondii amoebic meningoencphalitis |
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| helminth AGENTS THAT CAUSE ABSCESSES |
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| neurocysticercosis - taenia solium |
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| EBV ASSOCIATED MENINGOENCEPHALITIS |
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| primary CNS lymphoma or primary / metastic brain tumor |
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| PERIPHERAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT IN CNS INFECTION |
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| -guillian barre's syndrome leprosy botulism |
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| GUILLIAN BARRE'S SYNDROME |
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| most common cause of generalized paralysis in US; caused by host's immune response to a mucosal infection of GIT (c. jejuni), RT (influenza virus, chlamydia), or upper GIT - chlamydia |
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| LEPROSY AGENT |
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| mycobacterium leprae |
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| AGENT FOR BOTULISM |
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| clostridium botulinuum |
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| NEUROTOXIC DISEASES |
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| tetanus - clostridium tetani botulism - clostridium botulinuum |
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| THINGS THAT CAN GO WRONG IN GIT |
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| gastritis -afebrile watery diarrhea -afebrile food borne disease -afebrile intestinal protozoan disease -diarrhea with or without fever and frank blood -diarrhea with fever -helminthic infestations |
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| PREDOMINANT FLORA IN GIT |
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| esophagus and stomach - few organisms duodenum and jejunum - sparse concentration of organisms ileum - organisms qualitatively similar to tose in large intestine |
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| COLONIC FLORA IN GIT |
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| feces is 20% bacteria; over 100 species: anaerobes - bacteroides, bifidobacterium, peptostreptococci -there are coliforms (indicate fecal contamination) -enterococci -clostridium perfringens type A -c. difficile -group A and B streptococci |
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| AGENTS OF GASTRITIS |
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| Helicobacter pylori -duodenal ulcers, gastric carcinoma, non-hodgkins' lymphoma of stomach |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE WATERY DIARRHEA |
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| vibrio cholerae -enterotoxigenic e.coli ETEC aeromonas -staphylococcus aureus -bacillus cereus -clostridium perfringens type A Giardia lamblia -cryptosporidium parvum -cyclospora |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE ONLY AFEBRILE WATERY DIARRHEA |
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| vibrio cholerae ETEC aeromonas |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE, FOOD BORNE DISEASE -vomiting predominates |
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| s. aureus b. cereus |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE, FOOD BORNE DISEASE -diarrhea predominates |
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| -b. cereus -c. perfringens type A |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE AFEBRILE, INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN DISEASES |
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| -giardia lamblia cryptosporidium parvum -cyclospora cayetanensis -enterocytozoan bienusi (microsporidian) isospora belli |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE DIARRHEA WITH OR WITHOUT FEVER AND FRANK BLOOD |
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| enterohemorrhagic e.coli entamoeba histolytica bacillus anthracis |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE ONLY DIARRHEA WITH/WITHOUT FEVER AND FRANK BLOOD |
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| shigatoxin producing e.coli STEC enterohemorrhagic e.coli EHEC complications: hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) -STEC -EHEC -shigella dysenteriae |
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| AGENT THAT CAUSES AMEOBIC DYSENTERY / ACUTE AMEBIC COLITIS -diarrhea with or without fever and frank blood |
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| entamoeba histolytica |
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| AGENT THAT CAUSES GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX -diarrhea with or without fever and frank blood |
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| bacillus anthracis |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE DIARRHEA WITH FEVER |
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| clostridium difficile rotavirus norwalk virus norovirus enteric adenovirus campylobacter jejuni salmonella enteritidis group shigella yersinia enterocolitica enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic e.coli vibrio parahamolyticus vibrio vulnificus |
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| AGENT THAT CAUSES ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED COLITIS (AAC) OR PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS -diarrhea with fever |
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| clostridium difficile |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS -diarrhea with fever |
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| rotavirus norwalk virus norovirus (norwalk-like) enteric adenovirus calicivirus astroviruses non-polio enteroviruses |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE INVASIVE FEBRILE DIARRHEAL DISEASE |
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| Shigella dysenteriae, flexneri, boydii, sonnei enteroinvasive and pathogenic e.coli EIEC and EPEC campylobacter jejuni yersisnia enterocolitica salmonella enteritidis group typhimurium vibrio parahaemolyticus, vulnificus amoebic dysentery/acute amebic colitis - entamoeba histolytica |
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| COMPLICATIONS OF INVASIVE FEBRILE DIARRHEAL DISEASE |
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| reactive arthritis pseudoappendicitis hemolytic uremic syndrome guillian barre's syndrome extraintestinal amoebiases |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE REACTIVE ARTHRITIS -polyarthritis assoicated with HLA B27 |
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| shigella campylobacter jejuni yersinia enterocolitica salmonella enteritidis group |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE PSEUDOAPPENDICITIS -complication of invasive febrile diarrhea |
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| yersinia enterocolitica campylobacter jejuni salmonella enteritidis group typhimurium |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE HUS |
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| s. dysenteriae STEC EHEC |
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| AGENTS THAT CAUSE GUILLIAN BARRE'S SYNDROMEq |
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| c. jejuni |
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| AGENT THAT CAUSES EXTRAINTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS |
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| entamoeba histolytica |
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| HELMINTHIC AGENT THAT CAUSES NON DIARRHEAL, NON INVASIVE PARASITIC INFESTATION -TAPEWORMS (CESTODES) |
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| dyphillobothrium latum taenia solium and t. saginata HUMAN ARE INTERMEDIATE HOST AND NOT DEFINITIVE HOST IN echinococcus |
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| HELMINTHIC AGENT THAT CAUSES NON DIARRHEAL, NON INVASIVE PARASITIC INFESTATION -ROUNDWORMS (NEMATODES) |
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| pinworm - enterbius vermicularis whipworm - trichuris trichiuria HUMANS ARE INTERMEDIATE HOST AND NOT DEFINITIVE HOST IN: baylisascaris procyonis and toxocaria cannis and T. cati |
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| HELMINTHIC AGENT THAT CAUSES NON DIARRHEAL, INVASIVE, PARASITIC INFECTIONS |
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| roundworms: ascaris lumbricoides hoodworms: ancylostoma duodenale necator americanus stronyloides stercoralis |
