question

Sex Organ

answer

The Clitoris. Woman are the only ones that possess a sex organ that is solely devoted to pleasurable sensations.

question

Pudenda / Vulva

answer

The external sexual structures of the female.

question

Vulva / Pudenda

answer

The external sexual structures of the female.

question

Mons Veneris

answer

A mound of fatty tissue that covers the joint of the pubic bones in the front of the body, below the abdomen and above the clitoris. It also cushions a woman's body during sexual intercourse.

question

Labia Majora

answer

Large folds of skin that run downward from the mons along the sides of the vulva. It shields the inner female genitals.

question

Lavia Minora

answer

Hairless, light-colored membranes, located between the labia majora. They surround the urethral and vaginal openings. When stimulated, they darken and swell, engorging with blood.

question

Clitoris

answer

A female sex organ consisting of a shaft and glans located above the urethral opening. It is extremely sensitive to sexual sensations.

question

Corpora Cavernosa

answer

Masses of spongy tissue in the clitoral shaft that become engorged with blood and stiffen in response to sexual stimulation.

question

Prepuce

answer

The fold of skin covering the glans of the clitoris. (or penis) Also called "hood".

question

Homologous

answer

Similar in structure; developing from the same embryonic tissue. The clitoris and penis are similar because they are developed from the same embryonic tissue.

question

Analogous

answer

Similar in function

question

Clitoridectomy

answer

Surgical removal of the clitoris. This is a common in Muslims in the Near East and Africa, It is considered a "rite of passage" to womanhood.

question

Vestibule

answer

The area in the labia minora that contains the openings to the vagina and the urethra.

question

Clitoral Glans

answer

A smooth, round knob or lump of tissue above the urethral opening. It is highly sensitive to the touch because of the rich supply of nerve endings.

question

Koran

answer

Islamic Bible ( no support for Clitoral Mutilation found in the Koran)

question

Excision

answer

A more radical form of clitoridectomy. It is the removal of the clitoris along with the labia minora and labia majora. Only a tiny opening is left to allow passage of urine and menstrual discharge. The sewing together of the vulva is intended to ensure chastity until marriage. After marriage the opening is enlarges to permit intercourse.

question

Urethral Opening

answer

The opening through which urine passes from the female's body. It is connected to the bladder by a short tube called urethra. The urethral opening, urethra and bladder are unrelated to the reproductive system.

question

Urinary Tract

answer

Includes the urethra, bladder and kidneys.

question

Cystitis

answer

An inflammation of the urinary bladder. Symptoms include: burning and frequent urination, pus or bloody discharge and discomfort about the pubic bone. If left untreated it can lead to kidney infection.

question

Urinary Urgency

answer

Frequent urination

question

Honeymoon Cystitis

answer

Caused by the tugging on the bladder and urethral wall that occurs during vaginal intercourse. It may occur after having sex for the first time or after not having sex for awhile.

question

Introitus

answer

The vaginal opening

question

Hymen

answer

A fold of tissue across the vaginal opening that is usually present at birth and remains at least partly intact until a woman engages in sex. (Coitus) Also named "maidenhead". Only found in female horses and humans. Doesn't serve a biological function.

question

Hymenoplasty

answer

Muslim woman in Europe have this operation prior to marriage. It restores the hymen to provide the illusion of virginity on their wedding night.

question

Parous

answer

Means passed through

question

Imperforate

answer

Thick tissue that is closed. Some women with have to have surgery if menstrual discharge starts to build up because of this.

question

Perineum

answer

the skin and underlying tissue that lies between the vaginal opening and the anus.

question

Episiotomy

answer

A routine perineal incision made during labor to help facilitate childbirth.

question

Crura

answer

Anatomical structures wing-shaped,leg-like structures that attach the clitoris to the pubic bone. It contains corpora cavernosa which engorge with blood and stiffen during sex.

question

Vestibular Bulbs

answer

Cavernous structures that extend downward along the sides of the introitus and swell during sexual arousal. Swells the vulva and lengthening the vagina.

question

Bartholin's Glands

answer

Glands that lie just inside the minor lips and secrete fluid just before orgasm.

question

Internal Sex Organs

answer

Innermost parts of the vagina, cervix, the uterus and two ovaries, each connected to the uterus by a fallopian tube.

question

Vagina

answer

The tubular female sex organ that contains the penis during sexual intercourse and through which a baby is born. Usually 3-5 inches at rest.

question

Douche

answer

Application of a jet of liquid to the vagina as a rinse.

question

Vaginitis

answer

Vaginal inflammation.

question

Cervix

answer

The lower end of the uterus.

question

Os

answer

The opening in the middle if the cervix.

question

Pap Test

answer

A test of a sample of cervical cells that screens for cervical cancer and other abnormalities.

question

Radiotherapy

answer

Treatment of a disease by X-rays or by emissions from a radioactive substance.

question

Uterus / Womb

answer

The hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ in which a fertilized ovum implants and develops until birth.

question

Fundus

answer

The uppermost part of the uterus.

question

Endometrium

answer

Th innermost layer of the uterus,

question

Endometriosis

answer

A condition caused by the growth of endometial tissue in the abdominal cavity or elsewhere outside the uterus and characterized by menstrual pain.

question

Myometrium

answer

The middle, well-muscled layer of the uterus. It endows the uterus with flexibility and strength and creates the powerful contractions the propel a fetus outward during labor.

question

Perimetrium

answer

The outer layer of the uterus. Provides and external cover.

question

Fallopian Tubes

answer

Tubes that extend from the upper uterus toward the ovaries and conduct ova to the uterus. Are about 4 inches in length and extend from the upper end of the uterus toward to ovaries.

question

Ectopic Pregnancy

answer

A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. They can eventually burst fallopian tubes, causing hemorrhaging and death. These pregnancies are terminated before the tube ruptures.

question

Endometrial Cancer

answer

Cancer of the endometrial lining. Symptoms are abnormal uterine staining or bleeding, especially after menopause. Surgery is the most common treatment.

question

Isthmus

answer

The part of the fallopian tubes that is closest to the uterus, which broadens into the ampulla as it approaches the ovary.

question

Infundibulum

answer

The outer part of the fallopian tubes. Fertilization usually occurs here within a couple of inches of the ovaries.

question

Fimbriae

answer

The fallopian tube fringelike projections that extend toward, but is are not attached to the Ovary.

question

Cilia

answer

Hairlike projections that line the fallopian that help propel ova through the tube at about 1 inch per day.

question

Tubal Ligation

answer

A form of sterilization where the fallopian tubes are tied off so that ova cannot pass through the or become fertilized.

question

Ectopic Pregnancy Signs

answer

Missed menstrual period Abdominal pain Irregular bleeding

question

Ovaries

answer

Almond shaped organs that produce ova and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. They are each about 1 1/2 inches long.

question

Estrogen

answer

Generic term for several female sex hormones or synthetic compounds that promote the development of female sex charactristics and regulate the menstrual cycle. (Estradiol, estriol amd estrone.) Helps older women maintain cognitive functioning and psychological well being.

question

Progesterone

answer

A steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum or prepared synthetically that stimulates the developement of the endometrium (uterine lining) to prepare for pregnancy and is involved in regulation of the menstrual cycle.

question

Ova

answer

A female is born with all the ova she will ever have (about million), they are in an immature form. Of these, about 400,000 survive into puberty each of which are contained in the ovary with a follicle. From puberty to menopause only 400 or so ripened ova, typically 1 per month will be released by their follicles for possible fertilization.

question

Follicles

answer

A capsule within an ovary that contains an ovum.

question

Ovarian Cancer

answer

Cancer of the ovaries. It is the 4th killer of woman. Woman most at risk are those with blood relatives who had it or breast cancer, especially a first degree relative like a mother or sister or daughter. Other risk factors are high body weight and having never given birth. Pap smears DO NOT reveal ovarian cancer, just cervical cancer. 40 and over should be checked.

question

Hysterectomy

answer

Surgical removal of the uterus. This surgery is often done between 35 and 45 yrs of age. It is the 2nd most common surgery for women. (C sections are first)

question

Complete Hysterectomy

answer

Surgical removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and uterus. Usually done to keep cancer from spreading throughout the reproductive system.

question

Partial Hysterectomy

answer

Surgical removal of the uterus but NOT the ovaries and fallopian tubes. A woman will continue to ovulate and produce adequate quantities of female sex hormones.

question

Pelvic Examination

answer

This test is recommended for women under 35 once a year and over 35

question

Secondary Sex Characteristics

answer

Traits that distinguish the sexes from one another but are not directly involved in reproduction. Breast are an example of secondary sex characteristics.

question

Pap Smears

answer

Detects cervical cancer. A pap smears is performed by the doctor by holding open the vaginal walls with a speculum so the sample of the cells may be scraped from the cervix with a wooden spatula.

question

Mammary Glands

answer

Milk secreting glands found in the breast. Each breast contains 15-20 clusters. Each gland opens at the nipple through it own duct.

question

Breast

answer

The amount of fatty tissue, NOT the amount of glandular tissue that largely determines the size of the breast.

question

Areola

answer

The dark ring on the breast that encircles the nipple. This ring darkens during pregnancy and stay darker after. The glands in the areola secretes an oil to help lubricate the nipple during breast feeding.

question

Nipple

answer

Found in the center of the areola. It contains smooth muscle fibers that erect the nipple when they contract.

question

Milk Ducts

answer

Conduct milk from the mammary glands through the nipples.

question

Mastectomy

answer

Surgical removal of the entire breast. This is done if the tumor is aggressive, meaning how rapidly it has grown.

question

Lumpectomy

answer

Surgical removal of a lump from the breast.

question

BRCA1 & BRCA2

answer

Genetic mutations found in the blood that are connected with the early onset of breast cancer.

question

Mammography

answer

A special type of Xray test that detects cancerous lumps in the breast.

question

Breast Cancer

answer

It isn't the cancer in the breast that kills, but it is the cancer that spreads to vital organs. Breast cancer is rare in women under 25. Most times it develops in women over the age of 50. 1 in every 229 is found in women 30-39 years of age. The probability that a woman will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some time is about 1 in 7 to 8. (13.2%)

question

Key Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

answer

Prolonged exposure to estrogen. Menstruation before the age of 14, late menopause (after 55), delay in childbearing (after 30) and never giving birth. Fat is connected with higher levels of estrogen production. Exercise would be helpful because it reduces the amount of fatty tissue in the body.

question

Estrogen-Receptor Negative Tumors

answer

Tumors that develop rapidly even in the absence of estrogen. These tumors are aggressive and a major factor in the higher mortality rate for African American women.

question

Cysts

answer

Sac-like structures filled with fluid or diseased material.

question

Benign

answer

Do little or no harm

question

Fibroadenoma

answer

A benign fibrous tumor

question

Malignant

answer

Lethal; causing or likely to cause death.

question

Metastasized

answer

Cancer cells that have splintered off to form colonies elsewhere in the body.

question

Tamoxifen

answer

A drug that locks into the estrogen receptors of breast cancer cells, thereby blocking estrogen's stimulation of the cells to grow and proliferate. This drug can cause uterine cancer and have other side effects.

question

Raloxifene

answer

A drug that helps reduce the risk of breast cancer without the side effects that tamoxifen.

question

Clinical Breast Examines (CBE)

answer

American Cancer Society recommends having a CBE every 3 year for women between 20 & 39 years of age and annually after that.

question

Menstruation

answer

The cyclical bleeding that stems from the shedding of the uterine lining. Average cycle is 28 days. The cycle is regulated by the hormones estrogen and progesterone and can be divided into 4 phases.

question

Ovulation

answer

The release of an ovum from an ovary.

question

Proliferative Phase

answer

The first phase of a menstruation cycle, it follows menstruation. Estrogen levels increase causing the ripening of the ova. The wall of the uterus thickens to prepare for pregnancy.

question

Ovulatory Phase

answer

The second phase of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen reaches peak blood levels and ovulation occurs. Normally 1 ovum reaches maturity and is release by the ovary.

question

Corpus Luteum

answer

The follicle that has released an ovum and then produces copious amounts of progesterone and estrogen during the luteal phase of a woman's cycle.

question

Endocrine Gland

answer

A ductless gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream.

question

Menarche

answer

The first menstrual period

question

Hypothalamus

answer

A structure near the center of the brain that is involved in regulating body temperature, motivation and emotion.

question

Pituitary Gland

answer

The gland that secretes growth hormones, prolactin, oxytocin and others.

question

Hormone

answer

A substance secreted by an endocrine gland that regulates various body functions.

question

Testes

answer

The male gonads

question

Testosterone

answer

The male sex hormone that fosters the development of make sex characteristics and is connected with the sex drive.

question

Prolactin

answer

A pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk/

question

Oxytocin

answer

A pituitary hormone that stimulates uterine contractions in labor and the ejection of milk during nursing.

question

Gonadotropins

answer

Pituitary hormones that stimulate the gonads.

question

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

answer

A gonadotropin that stimulates development of follicles in the ovaries.

question

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

answer

A gonadotropin that helps regulate the menstrual cycle by triggering ovulation.

question

Anovulatory

answer

Means without ovulation

Human Sexuality Chapter 3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards