Human Growth and Development Chapter 6 LC – Flashcards
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This example supports the textbook's discussion.
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Individuals recovering from drug and alcohol abuse sometimes recall the acronym HALT (hungry, angry, lonely, tired) to remind themselves of situations in which they may be likely to relapse. How does this example relate to the textbook's discussion of emotional control?
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intrinsic motivation
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The existence of imaginary friends, which are common in 3- to 7-year-olds, reflects:
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It helps them to rehearse social roles.
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Rocky and Zayn frequently engage in wrestling, chasing, and other types of rough-and-tumble play. Which is NOT a benefit they receive from this type of play?
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to have someone to play with.
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Aiden is 6 years old and has an imaginary friend named Peanut. Aiden MOST likely developed Peanut:
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negatively
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Family income is _____ related to screen time among young children.
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extrinsic
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Rianne has to choose between returning to graduate school to pursue her love of philosophy or going to work for a bank in town. Although she does not enjoy banking, she knows she will receive a good salary and benefits there. If Rianne decides to take the position at the bank, she is exhibiting _____ motivation.
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pride; fear
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Four-year-old Junko lives in Miyazaki, Japan. Jacie is also 4, but she lives in Meridian, Mississippi. Based on the text's discussion, Junko's parents are probably most concerned with regulating her expression of _____, whereas Jacie's parents are probably most concerned with controlling her expression of _____.
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toddler
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Pretending emerges in:
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intrinsic motivation.
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A musician who plays for the delight of making music, even if no one else hears it, has:
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caregiving
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Researcher Diana Baumrind identified three _____ styles.
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a child's understanding of sex differences.
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Gender schema refers to:
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authoritative; authoritarian
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According to Diana Baumrind, _____ parents set loving limits for their children, while _____ parents can be harsh and rigid.
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Behaviorism
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_____ asserts that gender roles are learned as a result of ongoing reinforcement and punishment, as well as social learning.
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authoritative.
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Tina is an eighth-grader who has been caught smoking at school. Tina's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern. Additionally, they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking; Tina is expected to discuss her findings with her parents each night at dinner. With respect to the caregiving styles discussed in the textbook, Tina's parents are:
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the roles of males and females prescribed by the culture.
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Gender differences involve
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authoritative
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Discipline and expectations of maturity are both moderate in _____ caregiving.
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evolutionary
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Which theory of gender differences focuses primarily on our biological need to reproduce to explain gender differences and behaviors?
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permissive
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Janine is an adult who is unhappy and lacks self-control. According to some longitudinal research, she may have had parents who would be labeled _____ by Diana Baumrind.
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neglectful
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Mira is uninvolved in the lives of her children. She does not seem to know or care what they are doing. Her parenting style might be BEST described as:
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permissive
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Jeannie has low expectations for maturity from her children and rarely disciplines them, but she loves them and listens well to them. She would be characterized by Diana Baumrind as having a(n) _____ parenting style.
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rewards and punishments
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According to behaviorists, children learn sex roles through:
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permissive.
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Walter's parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions, so they set very few rules about homework, bedtime, and household chores. Because they believe that freedom is important, they patiently tolerate all of Walter's behavior, even if it is childish or immature. With respect to the caregiving styles discussed in the textbook, Walter's parents are:
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young children
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Physical punishment, such as slapping and spanking, is used more on _____ than on any other age group.
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secondary
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Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _____ prevention.
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permissive
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Which parenting style tends to result in children who become unhappy and lack self-control?
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the most important psychosocial task for children ages 2 to 6 to achieve.
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Emotional regulation is:
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expectations for maturity.
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Baumrind's dimension in which parents vary in standards for responsibility and self-control in their children is called:
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emotional regulation.
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One of the most important psychosocial skills that children between ages two and six accomplish is:
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prefrontal cortex.
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The part of the brain in which neurological advances significantly affect the ability to regulate emotion is the:
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four
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Diana Baumrind identified _____ parenting styles, which was later increased by other researchers.
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antisocial behavior.
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Six-year-old Johnny suddenly makes an angry face at Alan and kicks him hard for no apparent reason. It is clear that he means to cause pain to Alan and is not just "having a good time." Johnny is displaying:
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relational
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Which type of aggression is characterized by insults or by social rejection aimed at harming the victim's friendships?
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a disciplinary technique in which parents threaten the withdrawal of their love and support
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What is psychological control?
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tertiary.
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The level of prevention of child maltreatment designed to reduce harm when a child has already been abused is:
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psychological control.
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The disciplinary technique that involves parents threatening the withdrawal of their love and support and relying on a child's feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents is called:
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twice as high.
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As compared with the corresponding rate among 6- to 10-year-olds, the rate among 2- to 5-year-olds of serious injury in car crashes is:
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reactive; bullying
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Both _____ aggression and _____ aggression directly reflect poor emotional regulation.
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secondary
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Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _____ prevention.
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Induction
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_____ is a disciplinary technique in which parents talk with their child to help the child to understand why his or her behavior is wrong.
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tertiary
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Gerard is taken to the hospital's emergency room by ambulance after a car accident. The doctors work diligently to tend to his injuries, assessing the situation and then treating the most serious injuries first. This is an example of _____ prevention.
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physical punishment
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What discipline technique is considered a human rights violation and is therefore illegal in many countries around the world?
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reported maltreatment.
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Two-year-old Derek's neighbors notice that the boy is often dirty, wearing improper clothing for the weather, and left unattended on the family's porch. They call family services to report that they suspect the boy is being abused or neglected. At this point, before an investigation has taken place, Derek's condition is known as:
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instrumental
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Of the four types of aggression described in the text, _____ aggression is probably the least "personal."
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instrumental aggression.
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Three-year-old Tim knocks Dan to the ground to get a toy away from him. Tim is probably demonstrating _____ aggression.
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psychological control.
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Terrance says to his daughter, "If you don't tell me that you love me, then I may go away and never come back." This discipline technique is called:
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increases; decreases
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Between ages 2 and 6, instrumental aggression _____ in frequency. Over this period, reactive aggression _____.
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Parents sit with their child and tell them what they did wrong
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What is involved in induction?
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a discipline technique in which a child is separated from others for a specified time
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What is time-out?
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antipathy.
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The feeling of dislike or even hatred for another person is:
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increases; decreases
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Between ages 2 and 6, instrumental aggression _____ in frequency. Over this period, reactive aggression _____.
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induction
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"It's not nice to take your friends' toys without asking. You would feel angry if Lenny took your games without telling you," Tammy tells her son. Tammy is using a discipline technique called:
