question

Guide to Geography, the first world gazetteer, included numerous errors because

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latitude was not carefully measured and longitude was necessarily estimated.

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Which of the following explorers corrected the idea, initiated by Ptolemy, that there was a large southern continent?

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Cook

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Mercator was an influential mapmaker because he

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Was the first to use lines of latitude and longitude

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In 1887 geography lectureships were established at Oxford and Cambridge universities with funding provided by

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Royal Geographical Society

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A recent trend in Canada and some other countries, notably Australia, involves the creation of new academic departments that include both geography and ___

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Environmental Programs

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In order that his geographic views would be seen as worthwhile, the British geographer, Mackinder, planned to

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Be the first person to climb Mount Kenya

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The 1939 publication, The Nature of Geography, argued that geography was the study of

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Regions or Areal Differentiation

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Which of the following philosophies asserts that human geography can be studied in a manner comparable to any other science?

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Positivism

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The humanistic philosophy known as phenomenology:

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Includes the Idea that researchers need to demonstrate verstehen

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The basic distinction between positivism and humanism is one of

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Objectivism vs Subjectivism

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Which of the following philosophies suggests that a capitalist system tends to create depressed areas?

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Marxism

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According to Tobler's first law of geography, everything is related to everything else, but

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Near things are more related than distant things

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Participant observation is an example of

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A qualitative method and an ethnographic approach

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What is not an example of a qualitative resource?

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Census data

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The sales distribution area of a city newspaper qualifies as a

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A functional region

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Location decisions are typically made

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To minimize movement and with reference to the hierarchical effect

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The Suez Canal was opened in 1869 and reduced the distance between the Indian Ocean and

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Atlantic Ocean

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Ships able to carry 10,000 containers are able to access only a few major ports, such as Los Angeles, Rotterdam, Hong Kong, and

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Singapore

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According to critics, the World Trade Organization only serves the interests of

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Major Economic Powers

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Participants at the annual World Social Forum, first held in 2001, typically assert that

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"Another World is Possible"

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The widespread use of containers required

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Changes at ports, new storage facilities, different cranes and changes to trains and trucks

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During the period since 1945

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Trade has increased much more rapidly than production

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In which city was a 1999 World Trade Organization ministerial meeting overwhelmed by well-organized protest demonstrations?

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Seattle

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At the global scale, the three basic parts of the ecosystem are the

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Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere

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Green political parties first appeared in

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West Germany in 1979

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During the past 12,000 years, global temperatures have

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Steadily Increased

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It is thought that many fruit and nut species, including apples, apricots, plum, cherry, and walnuts, were first domesticated in an extensive forested area in the mountainous landscape of

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Central Asia

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It is estimated that about 40 per cent of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded, with the most impoverished region being

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Latin America

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Many of the great rivers of the world no longer reach the sea—these include the

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Huang He River in China, Murray-Darling in Australia, Indus in India and Pakistan, and Colorado in the United States

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Which of the following countries has virtually no fresh water and relies on the desalinization of sea water?

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Bahrain

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Linfen, in Shanxi Province, is the heart of China's

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Coal mining region

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Which one of the following groups is excluded in the calculation of the total fertility rate?

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Females under 15 years old and over 49 years old

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Although fertility is declining, the total world population continues to grow rapidly because of

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Population Momentum

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In which country was there a 20 per cent increase in births in 2008 because the head of the national Church had issued a promise in that he would personally baptise any baby born to parents who already had two children?

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Georgia

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In the two very large population countries of China and India the number of people aged over 80 is expected to

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Increase about 5 times by 2050

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The principal reason fertility is declining so rapidly in the less developed world is that

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Women are better educated

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Which stage of the demographic transition theory is characterized by declining birth rates and declining death rates?

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Stage 3

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Areas of high population density typically have

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An agricultural growing season of at least five to six months and a history of early state development

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Which of the following is not one of the Ravenstein laws of migration?

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The natives of towns are more migratory than those of rural areas

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One of the first large transcontinental movements of refugees was related to

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The end of the Vietnam War

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The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh issues loans to those

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Who are destitute and landless

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Much of Ethiopia is tropical highlands typically densely populated because of

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Good soils and an absence of many diseases

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Some scholars identify a least developed world, mostly comprising countries in

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Sub-Saharan Africa

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The Omo tribes in Ethiopia are agricultural peoples who depend on

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The Annual Cycle of river flooding

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Which of the following statements accords with a world systems theory assessment of the world food problem?

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The world food problem is worsening because the problem lies in global political and economic patterns

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African countries benefited little from the Green Revolution, partly because of the varied topography and

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Small Farms

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With reference to global inequalities, which of the following identified eight millennium goals?

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World Bank

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Which of the following countries lies at the joining of three large rivers, namely the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Meghna, and experiences regular flooding?

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Bangladesh

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In the broadest sense, the less developed countries lack

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The power to control their own affairs

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The situation where a cultural group moving into a new area is prepared for that new area because any needed cultural adjustments have been made prior to the move is known as

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Cultural Preadaptation

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With reference to the Meinig model of cultural regions, the culture is dominant in the

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Domain

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The likely place of origin of the Indo-European language family is

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North of the Caspian Sea or the Danube Valley

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Losing a language, a different way of seeing the world, might be described as a process of

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Cultural Forgetting

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In the North American context, place names result typically from

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The first effective settlement of an area

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Pidgin languages have developed as simplified ways of communicating between different language groups; they are especially common in areas that developed as trading centres, with imported slave populations, and in areas of

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Plantation Economies

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In which South American country is Dutch the official language, while the main language of everyday communication is a creole, Sranan Tongo

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Suriname

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The Semitic religious hearth has given rise to Judaism, Christianity, and

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Islam

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The Golden Temple at Amritsar, India, is sacred to

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Sikhs

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Tongi, north of Dhaka in Bangladesh, hosts an annual three-day gathering on the banks of the River Turag for millions of

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Muslims

question

Today, many human geographers address questions of human identity premised on the logic of a.symbolic interactionism.

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Constructionism

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The description and interpretation of visual images to uncover their symbolic meaning is known as

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Iconography

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As one component of the cultural turn in geography, the term 'contextualism' refers to the

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Relevance of a specific discourse

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Removal of the apartheid system in South Africa was completed in 1994 with the

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Election of the first democratic government

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The concept of mass tourist travel, specifically of an annual holiday, first appeared

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At the time of the Industrial Revolution

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Which of the following qualifies as a tourist spectacle?

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Disneyland, West Edmonton Mall. A major sporting event and A world fair

question

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of mass tourism?

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Dominated by many producers

question

Geographic studies of folk cultures are closely associated with

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Traditional cultural geography

question

One recent addition to the list of World Heritage Sites, in 2007, was

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The Rideau Canal

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The town of Zhongdian, in northwestern Yunnan Province on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau in western China, has been renamed

answer

Shangri-La

question

The nineteenth-century idea that the new United States had an exclusive right to occupy North America was known as

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Manifest Destiny

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The process by which one group of people exerts power, via their state, over another group in another territory is known as

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Imperialism

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The notion of the state as a living organism is central to the thinking of

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Ratzel

question

Which of the following major cultural divisions runs through the former Yugoslavia?

answer

That between western and eastern Christianity

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One of the reasons that makes it easier for warring groups in the DR of Congo to solidify themselves in particular areas is that

answer

There are no rail or road routes running east-west across the country

question

In 2008, Kosovo, with a 90 per cent ethnic Albanian population,

answer

Declared Independence

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Kohr suggests that sometimes political units do not work because they are too big, and he advocates a return to a pre-modern European world. He is sometimes described as

answer

A radical decentralist

question

A current trend in drug trafficking is movement from Colombia in South America to

answer

West Africa and then onto Europe

question

Which of the following countries might be labelled the world's first narco state?

answer

Guinea Bissau

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Many commentators interpreted the 2001 terror attacks on the United States using the logic of

answer

Clash of Civilizations

question

Examples of the often intimate relations between physical and human geography include much evidence that movements of early humans and technological changes such as the development of agriculture were often linked to changes in:

answer

Climate

question

Location theory aims to explain

answer

Geographic patterns at any given place and time

question

Normative theory is concerned with

answer

What reality would be like if...

question

According to von Thünen's crop theory, forestry is located relatively close to the market because of

answer

High transport costs

question

A recent discovery is that horses were first domesticated earlier than previously thought, about 3500BCE, in what is now

answer

Northern Kazakhstan

question

In 2009 Canada had 3,914 organic farms, most of which grow

answer

Field Crops

question

Mediterranean agriculture is best described as

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Mixed subsistence/commercial

question

What is a benefit of no-till farming?

answer

Soil erosion is reduced

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Which of the following helped feed the poor, underpinning the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

answer

Potatoes

question

When discussing the English landscape, geographers following the logic of the 'cultural turn' might argue that the image of a rural idyll has been constructed by

answer

White, middle-class males

question

In Canada, rural population and small town decline is most evident in areas

answer

At great distances from urban centers

question

Which of the following is not one of the key concepts used by Christaller?

answer

Spread

question

The statistical procedure known as nearest neighbour analysis can be used to

answer

Describe a point pattern as clustered, random or uniform

question

What are considered to be the three truly world cities?

answer

New York, London and Tokyo

question

Which two cities are sometimes understood as the two poles of a single transatlantic urban centre?

answer

London and New York

question

In the analysis that lists fifty-five cities, which Canadian city is one of the thirty-five Gamma world cities?

answer

Montreal

question

The outermost zone of the concentric zone model of the internal structure of an urban area is

answer

Suburban Residential

question

According to White's revision of the classic models of the internal structure of the city, the core area

answer

Has less retailing than previously

question

Which of the following African cities is an example of the colonial type?

answer

Kinshasa

question

For much of the twentieth century the paradigmatic city was

answer

Chicago

question

Skilled occupations requiring an educated well-paid workforce, where image is important and both telecommunications and face-to-face contact with others play a key role, are known as

answer

Front office activities

question

In common with many other large cities, Denver is home to much traffic congestion. The solution being implemented is a mix of relatively conventional freeway improvements and

answer

Ambitious light rail development

question

Which of the following terms refers to the denying of capital (mortgage money for purchases and loans for home improvement) to certain areas of the city?

answer

Redlining

question

The idea that, through time, a housing unit is occupied sequentially by people from steadily changing income groups is known as

answer

Filtering

question

Which of the following is the first stage of the filtering process as proposed by Downs?

answer

Stable and viable

question

Eight Mile Road in Detroit is a significant dividing line between an area of pleasant neighbourhoods and

answer

An area of severe deprivation

question

The first enclosed, climate controlled, shopping mall located in a suburban area was in

answer

Minneapolis

question

The issue of environmental conditions in the cities of the less developed world is known as

answer

The brown agenda

question

Which of the following is not one of the assumptions of least-cost industrial location theory?

answer

Labour is mobile

question

Deglomeration economies result from

answer

A location away from congested and high-rent areas

question

After 1825, which of the following emerged as a major European industrial region?

answer

The Ruhr

question

Which five countries founded the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1960?

answer

Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela

question

The major consequence of deindustrialization is:

answer

Unacceptably high levels of employment

question

The first steam-powered train was operated in 1825 in

answer

Northeast England

question

A political economy approach to the geography of the city is based on

answer

The imperative of capital accumulation

question

Postmodern urban thought might be seen as a radical break from earlier theoretical traditions, requiring as it does entirely new understandings of

answer

Urban form and structure

question

Least-cost industrial theory is an example of:

answer

Empirical research

question

A distinctive feature of urbanization in many countries of the less developed world is

answer

Concentration of population in one city, usually the capital

question

China is now heavily involved in other countries that are able to supply needed raw materials, including

answer

Democratic Republic of Congo

question

Chinese industrial growth has major consequences for the environment, most of the power plants burn

answer

Oil and Coal

question

Some older industrial cities are experiencing a significant demographic change as

answer

Deaths outnumber births

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