How Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate Essay Example

how much of a product is used up, in this case how much calcium carbonate is dissolved in the hydrochloric acid.* By measuring the volume of carbon dioxide gas given off.

* By counting the amount of bubbles given off.* By timing the reaction until a certain volume of carbon dioxide is produced.* By measuring the amount of carbon dioxide gas produced every 10 seconds.I chose to measure the volume of carbon dioxide gas given off and by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide gas produced every 10 seconds for the main experiment because it was the two methods that are likely to give me the most accurate results. Additionally for the preliminary experiment I timed the reaction until 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide gad was produced, because I found this to be a fairly quick method but yet accurate, although not as accurate as the methods I used for the main experiment.In the preliminary experiment I will investigate the suitable conditions for this experiment - the volume of hydrochloric acid to use and the surface area of marble chips.

For this experiment I predict that the higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the faster the rate of reaction will be. I predict that the reaction will occur as shown below:Calcium + hydrochloric calcium + water + carbonCarbonate acid chloride dioxide.CaCo3 + 2HCL CaCl2 + H2 O + COReactant ProductI think that the rate of reaction is affected by the concentration of the hydrochloric acid because the rate of reaction depends on how frequently the reactant particles of the reacting substances collide. A more concentrated substance has more reactant particles in a given volume than a more

dilute substance.

As there are more particles, the frequency of successful collisions is greater, and the reactions happen faster.When a reaction takes place, the particles of the reacting substance must collide with each other. A fixed amount of energy, known as the activation energy, must be reached for new products to be made, and the old bonds need to be broken. If the particles collide fast enough and in the right direction, sufficient energy to break these bonds will be produced (the activation energy), which will allow the reaction to take place. However, if this energy is not produced, a reaction will not take place, so not all collisions result in a reaction. The reaction can be speeded up if the number of collisions increases.

I predict that the rate of reaction will increase when the hydrochloric acid is most concentrated. To change the concentration of a solution, we dilute it by adding water.The predicted reaction additionally tells us that although the calcium carbonate or marble is soluble in water, the gas that is produced from this reaction (carbon dioxide) is not as it displaces the water.The preliminary work was done for me to decide reasonable values for the volume of hydrochloric acid used and the size of the marble chips, i.e.

the variables. For both variables I recorded the time it took for 50cm3 of carbon dioxide gas to be produced. The concentration of acid remained the same throughout the preliminary experiment because it was the values for the constants that we are finding out.AimTo investigate the size of the chips and the volume of hydrochloric acid used, so that in the main experiment I

have little difficulty and reasonable values.PredictionI predict that the size of the chip used will be medium because this will give an in - between value for the time taken and therefore the time taken to give off 50cm3 will not be too short but will not take too long.

Additionally I predict that the volume of hydrochloric acid used in the main experiment will be 20 or 25cm3 because similarly it will give a time not too long but not too quick.Safety* Wear safety goggles to protect my eyes from any harmful chemicals.* Taking care when handling chemicals, particularly Hydrochloric acid because it is an irritant.* I will not touch my eyes or mouth until I have washed my hands thoroughly with soap after conducting the experiment.

* Taking care when using glassware to prevent injury.* 4 mol/dm3 is the most concentrated solution I will use. This is because a solution with a higher concentration will produce a lot of acidic fumes.Apparatus* Measuring cylinder - To measure the volume of the acid.* Stopwatch - To measure how long it takes for 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide to be given out.

* Safety goggles - To insure that in the case of accidents products do not reach my eyes, because hydrochloric acid in particular is dangerous to the eyes.* Calcium carbonate; marble chips of different sizes - so that the constant (the size of the chip) can be decided.* Hydrochloric acid - To react with the calcium carbonate.* Bung - To allow the carbon dioxide gas to pass along to the gas burette.* Conical flask - Where the reaction between the marble chips and hydrochloric acid will

take place.

* Trough - Enables carbon dioxide gas not to escape so that it can be measured.* Clamp - To securely hold the gas burette.* Gas burette - To contain the carbon dioxide gas so that it can be measured.Method* We filled up the trough and gas burette with water to the top.

* Then we filled the conical flask with hydrochloric acid of the range: 20, 25 and 30 cm cubed.* Following this the gas burette was placed on a clamp and was placed facing downwards so that the open end was inside and surrounded by water.* We then placed the delivery tube in a position where it was directly beneath the gas burette and also was going through the bung.* The different sizes of chips were then weighed so that the different sizes of chips could add up to 1 gram.

We found that equivalent to 1g was 1 large chip, 3 medium chips and 6 small chips. Furthermore the chips were dropped in the conical flask and the bung was immediately placed on the flask while the stopwatch was started.* After that we recorded the time taken for 50cm3 of carbon dioxide given out by stopping the timer when the burette had been filled up with carbon dioxide and therefore 50 cm3 of water had been pushed out.