History Final Part 5 – Flashcards
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Which term best describes the breakup of the Soviet Union, an event that occurred over several months? hostile peaceful tense negotiated
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peaceful
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Which of these were included in the SALT I treaty? Check all that apply. a cap on nuclear arms a ban on nuclear arms an end to proxy wars a limit on launch sites a ban on missile programs
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a cap on nuclear arms a limit on launch sites
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After détente was abandoned, the U.S. president believed that the Cold War could be won by outspending the Soviet Union on weapons. undermining Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. bombing the Soviet Union and its satellite states. engaging the Soviet people directly.
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outspending the Soviet Union on weapons.
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Which of these resulted from Gorbachev's perestroika policies? Check all that apply. freedom of the press opening of the Soviet archives end of one-party politics reduced government control of the economy imported culture from the West
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end of one-party politics reduced government control of the economy
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Which of these was a feature of the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States in the era leading up to détente? nuclear war direct conflict arms race cooperation
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arms race
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Over the course of his presidency, Ronald Reagan's approach toward the Soviet Union became more belligerent. hesitant. dismissive. cooperative.
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cooperative.
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During which era did détente mainly occur? 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
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1970s
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Which best describes what occurred during the détente era? arms reduction arms limitation alliance formation increased openness
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arms limitation
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Which of these are former Soviet republics? Check all that apply. Armenia Bulgaria Estonia Georgia Lithuania Romania Serbia Ukraine
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Armenia Estonia Georgia Lithuania Ukraine
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What prompted the change in Ronald Reagan's approach toward the Soviet Union during his second term? a change in Soviet leadership backlash from the American public pressure from European allies Congress's refusal to ratify treaties
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a change in Soviet leadership
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In which year did communist rule end in Russia? 1989 1990 1991 1992
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1991
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Which term best describes Mikhail Gorbachev as the leader of the Soviet Union? reformer hard-liner isolationist reactionary
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reformer
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Ultimately, the reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev led to the rise of Vladimir Putin. increased hostilities with Western Europe. the downfall of the Soviet Union. improved relations with the Soviet satellite states.
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the downfall of the Soviet Union.
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Which U.S. president abandoned détente? Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush
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Ronald Reagan
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What was one result of the breakup of the Soviet Union? Russia faced a smooth transition from its communist system to capitalism and democracy. The Russian military attempted to seize control of the government in a violent coup d'état. Former republics of the Soviet Union joined a new nation that became known as Russia. Russia briefly led a confederation of independent states and maintained some control of the region.
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Russia briefly led a confederation of independent states and maintained some control of the region.
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What was the practical effect of the SALT I treaty? SALT I slowed the arms race. SALT I ended the arms race. SALT I reduced the number of weapons. SALT I banned nuclear arms production.
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SALT I slowed the arms race.
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What is the most likely reason the republics of Yugoslavia held together until the fall of communism? All six republics shared strong historic bonds. The constitution forbade the republics to separate. Citizens were united by their belief in communism. Dictator Josep Tito was a very powerful leader.
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Dictator Josep Tito was a very powerful leader.
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The first step in the reunification of East and West Germany was uniting their governments. legal systems. populations. economies
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economies.
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What best describes Yugoslavia before its breakup? It was dominated by one religion. It was home to many ethnic groups. The population was diverse but unified. Most people shared the same ethnicity.
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It was home to many ethnic groups.
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Zina Hasanovic is one of the lucky ones - she knows what happened to her husband, Haris. As Serbian bullets raced through a group of tightly-packed Muslim prisoners, Haris, mortally wounded, fell on top of his first cousin and best friend, Mevludin Oric. Mevludin lay on the ground, covered in blood and for hours pretended to be dead. He managed to escape to tell Zina of her husband's fate. Why is Zina Hasanovic referred to as "one of the lucky ones"? Her husband was among the handful who survived. Very few were able to escape the fighting without harm. The family's close friend managed to outsmart the enemy. Most people never learned the fate of their loved ones.
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Most people never learned the fate of their loved ones.
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What happened when the Czechs tried to implement liberal reforms in 1968? The communist government was forced to step down. Slovakia protested and blocked the proposed changes. The USSR and other Warsaw pact nations invaded. Czechoslovakian residents gained new civil liberties.
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The USSR and other Warsaw pact nations invaded.
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What was the most important effect of opening East Germany's borders? East and West Germany merged into one nation. People traveled freely between East and West Germany. Germany's political differences finally were resolved. Thousands of West Germans moved to East Germany.
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People traveled freely between East and West Germany.
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What was the "Velvet Divorce"? Czechoslovakia's split into two countries the rift between Czechoslovakia and Poland the end of communism in Czechoslovakia the first phase of the Velvet Revolution
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Czechoslovakia's split into two countries
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Why was the end to communism in Czechoslovakia termed the "Velvet Revolution"? The transition was remarkably smooth. Velvet was a symbol of Czechoslovakia. The revolution was named for the group that led it. The communist rulers were as soft and weak as velvet.
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The transition was remarkably smooth.
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What happened in Poland in 1989? Many solidarity candidates were voted out of office. Workers finally were given the right to form unions. The Polish government banned all workers' unions. Lech Walesa became the first freely elected president.
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Lech Walesa became the first freely elected president.
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If ethnic groups had been more equal in size, the most likely result would be that the country would remain united instead of fracturing. ethnic cleansing would have become more widespread. Serbs would not have tried to eliminate other groups. Muslims would have been persecuted by more groups.
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Serbs would not have tried to eliminate other groups.
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What was East Germany's biggest problem after it opened its borders? East German citizens refused to give up communism. Very few people wanted to move to West Germany. East Germany lost large numbers of skilled workers. Many East German social systems collapsed.
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East Germany lost large numbers of skilled workers.
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If Serbia had used the term "murder" rather than "ethnic cleansing" to describe its actions against Muslims, it is likely that they would have proceeded in exactly the same way. won more civilian support for their actions. felt too guilty to continue with their plans. achieved their goals more quickly.
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proceeded in exactly the same way.
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Which event preceded the revolutions of 1989? Solidarity candidates were elected in Poland. Hungary implemented a free market economy. Communist rule ended in Czechoslovakia. Gorbachev made reforms in the Soviet Union.
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Gorbachev made reforms in the Soviet Union.
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How did the collapse of communism affect the European Union? It caused the European Union to expand as more nations joined. It caused the European Union to change its economic policies. It caused the European Union to revise its membership terms. It caused the European Union to contract as nations broke away.
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It caused the European Union to expand as more nations joined.
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Twenty years after the end of communism in Eastern Europe, Slovenia has a poorly educated population. sustains a strong partnership with Russia. offers many state-controlled services. has a very fast-growing economy.
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has a very fast-growing economy.
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What is the definition of a common market? shared goods and services in multiple nations a single currency shared between nations no barriers to trade from nation to nation free and open competition between nations
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no barriers to trade from nation to nation
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One challenge faced by the European Union is the inadequate educational and health care systems. continued restrictions on movement between countries. low standard of living compared to communist nations. vast difference in per capita income among states.
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vast difference in per capita income among states.
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Why did the collapse of communism lead to increased mortality in Eastern Europe? Those who tried to restore communism were killed by the government. Many people were poor, and there were no more free health services. Fighting broke out in cities, and many people lost their lives. Doctors were not sufficiently trained to treat patients.
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Many people were poor, and there were no more free health services.
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The European Union created a new form of currency called the _____.
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euro
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When the Soviet Union collapsed, most people were excited but unprepared for the challenges. upset but ready to embrace democracy. ready and eager for economic changes. angry and stubbornly opposed to reform.
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excited but unprepared for the challenges.
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The Union contributes to the preservation and to the development of these common values while respecting the diversity of the cultures and traditions of the peoples of Europe as well as the national identities of the Member States and the organization of their public authorities at national, regional and local levels; it seeks to promote balanced and sustainable development and ensures free movement of persons, goods, services and capital, and the freedom of establishment. Based on the excerpt, the European Union values both economic development and a single unified national identity. establishment of new governments. respect for cultures and traditions. reorganization of public authorities.
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respect for cultures and traditions.
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What benefits came from the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe? Check all that apply. greater freedom of movement broader range of public services more honesty in government growth in entrepreneurship more contact with Western Europe
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greater freedom of movement growth in entrepreneurship more contact with Western Europe
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What is the most likely reason some former communist nations refused to adopt the euro as their currency? They hoped eventually to return to a communist government. They had a strong economy and didn't need a new currency. They felt unready or unwilling to merge with the European Union. They suspected the euro would lead to debt problems in the future.
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They felt unready or unwilling to merge with the European Union.
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In what way is the European Union similar to a single, independent nation? It operates its own industries. It has territorial borders. It has its own bill of rights. It trades with other nations.
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It has its own bill of rights.
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The European Economic Community was created to limit development of nuclear power. improve trade between European nations. raise revenues through trade tariffs. increase exports to non-European nations.
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improve trade between European nations.
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What was the longest-lasting effect of the losses in World War II? Nations realized they could not afford another world war. European leaders agreed to permanent peace treaties. Millions of people never recovered their jobs and homes. Factory owners decided to shut down rather than rebuild.
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Nations realized they could not afford another world war.
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Which nation suffered the largest population loss in World War II? Germany Italy France Soviet Union
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Soviet Union
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Twenty years after the fall of communism, what problem does Belarus face? a critical shortage of government jobs almost total privatization of the economy runaway inflation after adopting the euro an inefficient and outmoded industrial base
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an inefficient and outmoded industrial base
