Fundamentals of Public Speaking - Flashcards

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Mass media is the most interactive sphere of communication today.

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FALSE. (page 15) This is the least interactive sphere of communication. Nonetheless, mainstream media still occupy an enormous amount of our time as we search for information and entertainment.

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Most Americans never use the skills learned in a public speaking class outside of a classroom setting.

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FALSE. (page 9) A public speaking course gives you a chance to develop communication skills that you can use inside and outside the classroom.

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The "five arts of public speaking" identified by Cicero are not relevant to public speaking in a digital age.

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FALSE. (page 8) The Roman statesman Cicero (104 - 43 BCE) categorized the elements of public communication into five "arts of public speaking," or canons of rhetoric, that still apply today.

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Even good speakers may experience speech anxiety.

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TRUE. (page 10) Nearly everyone gets nervous when speaking in public.

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Public speaking is a unique form of communication unlike everyday speaking contexts such as those in the classroom or workplace.

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FALSE. (page 3) You often may be required to give presentations in other classes, and this course helps prepare you for that. Effective speaking skills give you tremendous advantage at work, too. Overall, public speaking ability helps you become a more active member of your community, allows you to participate more fully in organizations you belong to, and boosts your self-confidence in both your personal and professional life.

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Most audience members will continue to listen to a speech even if it does not seem relevant to them.

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FALSE. (page 4) Audiences demand that what they hear is relevant to them or they will tune the speaker out.

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Story-telling is an important component of public communication because stories are central to human experience.

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TRUE. (page 9) Because storytelling is so basic to human communication and sheer survival, today's audiences welcome narratives in speeches as much as their ancestors did long ago.

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A public speaking course can help you sharpen your listening skills.

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TRUE. (page 10) A public speaking course sharpens your listening skills.

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Ethical issues for public speakers and audiences have become less complicated due to the accessibility of information available.

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FALSE. (page 18) Computers and digital technology have intensified and expanded the range of ethical issues that speakers and audiences face.

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The demands made on speakers have decreased in the last decade due to the development of presentational media that can captivate audience's attention.

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FALSE. (page 19) Over-reliance on presentation software, especially digital slides, often detracts from your message.

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In what ways has public speaking changed as a result of the digital age?

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Answer: Speakers have a wider array of information sources to choose from. (Page 3 - The information-driven, knowledge-based world we live in offers many opportunities for public speaking and provides you with an array of options for preparing and delivering speeches.)

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Transferable skills learned in public speaking include all of the following EXCEPT:

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learning how to convince audiences with little advance preparation.

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Which ancient Greek philosopher has had the greatest influence on the teaching of public speaking?

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Aristotle (page 7). Aristotle's ideas about oratory were so influential that he became a key figure in the development of communication as an academic discipline many centuries later.

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Imagine that in order to encourage audiences to donate money to a local animal shelter, one of your classmates shows several photographs of puppies that were abandoned by their owners. By encouraging audiences to feel sorry for these dogs, which type of rhetorical proof did your classmate use?

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Pathos (page 7) Refers to a speaker's appeals to our emotions.

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In order to grad the audience's interest during a presentation about a local farmer's market, a classmate describes the strawberries sold there as "sweet and scrumptious." Which of Cicero's "arts of public speaking" did your classmate attend to in choosing these words?

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Style. (page 8) Involves the imagery you use to bring a speech's content to life.

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In preparing your speech, you decide to use a cliffhanger story as an attention getter, then share the ending in you conclusion. Which of Cicero's "arts of public speaking" did you attend to?

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Arrangement. (page 8)

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Being audience-centered means which of the following is true?

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All of these: * Speakers must create their speech with listeners in mind. * Speakers must learn about their audience members. * Speakers must remember that audience members have access to information and can fact-check the speech. * Speakers should use stories and visual materials when appropriate to keep the audience's attention.

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Jose is giving a speech about safer sex at a middle school, a high school, and a college, all in the same day. Although his facts and sources remain consistent, he modifies the contents and delivery of his speech for each group. Which element of public speaking is Jose considering here?

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Audience (page 17)

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If someone decides to show a video clip during a presentation to illustrate a main point in a speech, what element of the current model of communication does the video clip represent?

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Channel (page 17)

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Public speaking was called ____________when studied by Aristotle.

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Rhetoric (page 7)

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To listen ________________, listeners must give speakers their full attention so that others do the same for them in return.

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Reciprocally (page 10)

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The process of ____________________involves familiarizing yourself with a fearful situation so that you may become comfortable with it.

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Habituation (page 10)

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A speaker's __________________refers to how much an audience views the speaker as friendly, competent, and trustworthy.

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Credibility (page 10)

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The importance of adapting speeches to the specific situation and audience is known as ___________ communication.

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Audience-centered

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Spheres of communication-mass media, face-to-face, expressive technology, and mediated personal communication-are distinct in form and function, but people act within multiple spheres at the same time. This overlap is called __________________.

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Convergence (page 16)

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Taking a public speaking class can help people feel less anxious about speaking in public.

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TRUE

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Memorizing your entire speech is a good strategy for reducing public speaking anxiety.

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FALSE

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Students who procrastinate usually experience more speech anxiety than those who prepare their speeches in advance.

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TRUE

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Memorizing your introduction and conclusion is a good strategy for reducing public speaking anxiety.

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TRUE

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On the day of your speech, it is a good idea to avoid using your voice before your presentation.

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FALSE

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If others speak before you on the day of your speech, it is a good idea to review your notes while others are presenting.

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FALSE

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When you feel butterflies in your stomach before speaking, you can reduce your anxiety by labeling it "excitement" instead of "fear."

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TRUE

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To use visualization to decrease speech anxiety, you should imagine the worst possible scenario that you think could occur so that you can handle it.

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FALSE

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The more you care about your topic, the more likely you are to be nervous.

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FALSE

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It is natural, normal, and beneficial to feel somewhat nervous when speaking in public.

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TRUE

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Which of the following is most likely to help you relax before a speech?

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Taking deep breaths

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If you are nervous about the opinion the audience will form of you, what question should you ask yourself?

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What impression will I make?

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What method for feeling more positive about public speaking is illustrated if you imagine yourself walking up to the podium, speaking to an audience, and receiving a round of applause after your conclusion.

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Visualization

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Imagine that your friend tells you that she knows she is going to "bomb" her presentation; you tell her that you believe she will "wow" the crowd. Which form of speech anxiety management did you use to help your friend feel more positive about her speech?

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Relabeling

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If you do breathing exercises that enable individuals to identify and relax particular muscle areas one at a time, you are employing which of the following forms of speech anxiety management?

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Relaxation

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Which breathing technique is a useful method for reducing public speaking anxiety?

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Meditation breathing Diaphragmatic breathing Tension-release breathing

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If you begin to feel nervous in the middle of a speech, which of the following strategies might help you reduce your nervousness?

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Relabeling your feelings as a positive source of energy

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After a presentation you realize that you were most comfortable when you observed audience members in the front row nodding their heads in reaction to your speech. Which strategy for managing anxiety after a presentation did you use?

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Identifying useful strategies for managing speech anxiety

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Imagine that during a presentation, you begin to feel nervous. As you feel nervous, you start to ask yourself whether you might have done something wrong to cause your anxiety. What strategy for managing speech anxiety have you forgotten at this point?

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Don't over-analyze your anxiety.

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The _____________effect lends a speaker to think people observe them more carefully than they actually do.

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Spotlight

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The _____________occurs when we believe that speech anxiety is more noticeable to the audience than it really is.

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Illusion of transparency

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The method of managing speech anxiety known as __________ involves giving positive meaning to feelings associated with public speaking.

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Relabeling

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________________ involves thinking through the sequence of events and imagining how the event will unfold positively.

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Visualization

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_____________ breathing involves breathing with your diaphragm and paying attention to the entire process of breathing.

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Meditative

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The ______________theory states that when people face unfamiliar situations their level of anxiety increases.

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Uncertainty reduction

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Digital technology has increased the ethical responsibilities of both public speakers and audiences.

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TRUE

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Sexism, racism, and hate speech are examples of plagiarism.

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FALSE

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The more someone is ethnocentric, the more likely they are to distrust someone from a different ethnic background.

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TRUE

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Correct paraphrasing involves changing 2 - 4 words per sentence of the original source.

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FALSE

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Research shows that about 50% of the U.S. college students admit they have plagiarized.

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TRUE

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Plagiarism can be intentional or unintentional.

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TRUE

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If you are paraphrasing, you don't need to provide an oral citation.

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FALSE

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The interpretive element of listening is influenced by your culture and society rather than the individual.

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TRUE

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It is illegal to use a clip from a movie without crediting the movie's title.

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TRUE

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Which of the following kinds of speech is NOT protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution?

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All of these kinds of speech are protected by the First Amendment. * Speech that is critical of the United States government * Speech that advocates abolishing religion * Speech that advocates that women are superior to men * Speech that advocates the superiority of one race over another

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Which of these is an example of appreciative listening?

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Listening to a stand-up comedian.

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Which of the following requires an oral citation during a speech?

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* The use of a pie graph downloaded from the US Housing website. * A quote from a local real estate agent about buying a house that you quote directly. * A statistic about the number of homeowners in the United States that you paraphrase.

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You show respect for a speaker's ideas by:

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Listening respectfully before responding.

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It is a week before you are going to deliver a speech in class and you learn that one of your classmates strongly disagrees with a point you are about to make. Which of the following choices represents an ethical response to this classmate?

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Encouraging the diverse opinions during your questions and answer session

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Which is NOT a reason for citing your sources when you deliver a speech?

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It means you no longer have to worry about plagiarism.

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Imagine that during a speech the speaker states that women who wear veils as part of their Islamic heritage are not as intelligent as women in the United States that do not wear veils. What kind of unethical communication is this an example of?

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Ethnocentrism

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Imagine that a speaker tells an audience, "If you are traveling to a foreign country, you should ask your physician whether or not he thinks you need to get any vaccinations before you leave the United States." What kind of unethical communication is this an example of?

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Sexist language

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One of your classmates decides to check her cell phone for text messages in the middle of another classmate's presentation. Which strategy for good listening is this violating?

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Blocking out distractions

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________________ occurs when a person thinks her or his perspective is better than anyone else's.

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Ethnocentrism

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_______________ is an intellectual property law that protects an author's original work from being used by others.

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Copyright

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The psychological and emotional tone that develops as people interact with others is called communication __________.

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Climate

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______________ refers to words that are hurtful and degrading to racial, ethnic, and sexual minority groups.

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Hate speech

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________________refers to presenting someone else's material as if it was your own.

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Plagiarism

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Brief references to sources that public speakers may use during their speeches are called ________________.

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Oral citations

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Respect, open-mindedness, and active listening form the basis of ___________ ethics.

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Dialogic

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When you brainstorm for topic development you list ideas into two categories: major points and minor points.

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FALSE

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A photograph or other image may be a useful resource for generating ideas for a speech topic.

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TRUE

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Research shows that brainstorming works best when it is done in several sessions.

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TRUE

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It is usually a bad idea to choose a topic that you know little about, even if the topic interests you.

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FALSE

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Persuasive speeches aim to change audience members' thinking and to possibly even get audience members to take specific action.

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TRUE

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Some topics have too few available resources to create a speech.

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TRUE

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A presentation outline helps to keep you focused during the initial planning stages of developing your speech.

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FALSE

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It is useful to include as many of the ideas about your topic as you can in your working outline.

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FALSE

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Every speech has one overall general purpose: to inform, to persuade, or to educate.

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FALSE

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Once you have identified your thesis, you should NOT change it as you research your topic.

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FALSE

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Which of these is an example of a specific purpose statement?

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To inform my audience about the three main causes of retail shrink

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Imagine that a classmate has chosen to speak about a rare art form that she knows little about. Little has been written about the topic and the rest of the class is eager to learn about it. What consideration might influence your classmate to choose a different topic?

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Resource availability

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After you brainstorm and research ideas for main points of your speech, what should you do next?

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Group the ideas by theme

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Which of the following topics is the least appropriate for an after-dinner speech?

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Cancer rates among children in the United States

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Which of the following represents a specific purpose statement?

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To persuade my audience to eat more vegetables

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A speech with the following specific purpose statement, "To inspire my audience with true animal rescue stories," is an example of which type of general purpose?

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To entertain

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Which of the following represents a possible thesis for a speech about household pets?

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Poodles are good pets because they are loyal, dependable, and energetic.

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Which type of outline limits main points to short phrases and may be revised during the research process?

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Working

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After choosing a topic, which of the following is the strongest reason to consider changing that topic?

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You have too few available resources to research the topic

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What kind of outline assists you in practicing and delivering your speech after you research and initial planning are finished?

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Complete-sentence

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A _________________sums up the core of the speech in a single sentence.

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Thesis

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____________ refers to a free-form way of generating ideas for a speech.

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Brainstorming

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A _______________ outline puts all of the key parts of the speech together and guides you through making the presentation notes.

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Complete-sentence

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A ___________________ statement is a concise statement articulating what the speaker hopes to achieve by giving the speech.

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Specific purpose

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If a speech has _______________, that means the ideas that make up any main heading or subheading have a logical relationship to one another.

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Internal consistency

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Accomplished speakers use audience analysis in the early stages of speech preparation so that they do not need to analyze the audience during the actual presentation.

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FALSE

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To establish credibility and impress your audience, you will want to use jargon and specialized language to emphasize your expertise.

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FALSE

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When your audience includes two distinct groups, it is most effective to direct the first part of your speech to one segment and the last part of your speech to the other.

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FALSE

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Observing the audience you will be speaking to is one way to gather demographic information about them.

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TRUE

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An attitude reflects what someone thinks is right, good, worthy, and important.

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FALSE

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A voluntary audience is more motivated to listen.

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TRUE

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It is impossible to identify your audience's attitudes, beliefs, or values through observation of their behaviors.

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FALSE

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It is appropriate to request information about an audience's composition from an organization that has invited you to speak.

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TRUE

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An audience-research questionnaire should be at least 3 pages long to develop extensive data about your audience.

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FALSE

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The best time to distribute and collect an audience questionnaire is well in advance of your speech so that you may use the information to guide your speech preparation process.

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TRUE

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Which kind of audience represents the particular group of subgroup a message sender is trying to reach?

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Target audience

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Karin introduced her speech by stating, "As college students we don't need to worry about how the current immigration policy affects our lives." Karin didn't realize that several of the students in class had relatives who were affected by the policy. What techniques for speaking to diverse audiences did Karin overlook?

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Being sensitive to all audience members throughout the speech

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To appeal to those in a media saturated environment, you can do all of the following EXCEPT:

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Develop your speech as a series of fast-moving sound bites.

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Renee is presenting her senior thesis project to a group of professors, other students in her major, and other students with different majors. Because her project used terminology that might be advanced even for a senior in her major, she defined the terms early on and reminded listeners of their definitions occasionally but did not eliminate the terms from her speech. Which technique for speaking to diverse audiences did Renee attend to have here?

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Using language that appeals to all audience members

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Which of these is most easily changed by exposure to new evidence or a new argument?

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A belief

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Which of these can influence a person's standpoint?

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All of these: * A value * An attitude * A belief

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Why might a person ask an open-ended question instead of a closed-ended question?

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To elicit in-depth information

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Which of the following is a closed-ended question?

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Do you currently volunteer for the American Red Cross?

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Which of the following is an open-ended question?

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What happens to you when you die?

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To introduce her speech about skills for maintaining a romantic relationship, Rhonda noted that Valentine's Day was only a week away, and that people may be particularly concerned about the status of their love lives. What aspect of the setting did Rhonda consider in her introduction?

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The occasion

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____________ are key characteristics of populations often used to divide a population into subgroups.

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Demographics

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A(n) ___________________refers to how a person feels about something.

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Attitude

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_______________________refer to psychological concepts such as standpoints, values, beliefs, and attitudes that intersect to shape how we act as individuals.

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Psychographic facts

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A(n) ____________________refers to the location or place from which an individual views, interprets, and evaluates the world.

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Standpoint

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A ___________ audience listens to a speech because it is required.

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Captive

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A metasearch engine has indexed the entire web, whereas a regular search engine has not.

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FALSE

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Dictionaries provide a wide array of information including visual images that may be useful for speeches.

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TRUE

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Books are the best starting point for nearly any speech topic.

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FALSE

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The research process consists of three phases: 1) preparing for the search, 2) gathering information, and 3) evaluating the information found.

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TRUE

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The two main tasks in beginning an interview are to establish your expertise and to provide orientation to the person you are interviewing.

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FALSE

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"Don't you think the president is doing a great job?" is an example of a leading question.

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TRUE

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The use of most website images and video excerpts in classroom speeches violates copyright laws until you get written permission from the authors.

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FALSE

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If you are interviewing an expert on your speech topic whom you have never met before, you should limit small talk and get to the point of the interview quickly.

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TRUE

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One of the benefits of researching sources from diverse perspectives is that it helps ensure that you will speak ethically.

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TRUE

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When examining a source, you should consider what, if any, information has been omitted from the author's argument or reasoning.

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TRUE

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For extremely current and up to the minute information, you will want to consult with

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The real-time web.

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Which of the following resources provides the most current print information available?

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Newspapers

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If you wanted to know more about the activities and concerns of a professional or academic organization, which Internet resource might be most useful?

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Discussion lists or boards

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Imagine that you are researching the role of women in high school athletics. First you conduct an Internet search using the words "high school" and "female athletes" in your search. Then you replace the words "high school" with "secondary education." Which Internet search strategy have you just used?

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A variety of keywords

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Which of the following is the first major step in the interview process?

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Determine the purpose of the interview

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Imagine that you are interviewing a local police officer, and you ask her about the prevalence of crime in your neighborhood. When the officer states that crime has decreased in the area in recent months, you ask, "Why do you think crime has decreased?" What kind of question have you just asked?

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A secondary question

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When should you use an open-ended question in an interview?

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When the interviewee is knowledgeable and feels free to discuss the topic

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Which of the following is a strategy for conducting a research interview effectively?

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Record the interviewee electronically with the interviewee's permission.

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Which of these is a credible source for information on NASCAR racing?

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An interview with a man who used to race cars professionally

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You are researching fast-food-eating habits of college students, and you interview several people on campus. One student says, "No one eats at the Super Salad Station because it's gross!" When you ask if she has ever eaten there or knows anyone who has, she says no. Shen then remarks, "But look! Every other restaurant in the Student Commons has a long line except Super Salad Station! Definitely gross." Which criteria of good evidence is this information missing?

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Validity

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___________ sources express an author's own ideas from original research, and secondary sources represent others' interpretations of the sources based on original research.

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Primary

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When conducting a web search, __________________ refers to how closely a webpage's content is related to the keywords used during a speech.

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Relevance

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_________ are terms associated with a topic that are used for information related to the topic.

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Keywords

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A _____________ is one that develops from the answer to an initial question.

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Secondary question

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A _________________is one that is impartial and unbiased.

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Neutral question

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The weakness of using a narrative for public speaking is that the story can distract from the focus of the speech.

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TRUE

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Narratives can be true or fictional stories, bu to work they must have a ring of truth.

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FALSE

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When an example runs counter to what statistical evidence shows, audience members find the examples more believable.

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TRUE

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Mythos are appeals to cultural beliefs and values.

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TRUE

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The negative side of using statistics is that they can have a hidden agenda.

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TRUE

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A strength of using an example is that it helps clarify a complex or abstract concept.

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TRUE

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Literal and figurative analogies both appeal to a sense of logic.

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FALSE. Literal and figurative analogies work by making connections between unrelated things.

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The more facts you use the more persuasive your speech will be.

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FALSE. Too many facts or statistics can be overwhelming and the audience will lose interest.

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Celebrity testimony is only effective if the celebrity is also an expert on the topic.

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FALSE. Celebrity testimony is persuasive, even if the celebrity is not an expert on the topic.

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Interviewing students about the costs of books and other supplies for school is an example of using expert testimony.

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FALSE. This is an example of lay testimony.

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What kind of stories tell us what an organization values and how people should act in the organization?

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Institutional stories

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In order to engage and audience, a speaker in a college public speaking class tells a story about the origins of the school's mascot. The speaker explains that according to school legend, an eagle flew into the football stadium and moments later, the school's team got the winning touchdown. What type of evidence did this speaker use?

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Narrative

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What kind of example would be most effective in a speech about the silent film era that focused on relatively unknown or unpopular films?

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Specific examples

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Which of these kinds of evidence is best for demonstrating the scope of a problem?

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Facts and statistics

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Imagine that during a speech about going on a job interview, the speaker tells the audience, "A job interview is like a first date; it is important that you make a good first impression." What kind of definition did this speaker use?

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Figurative analogy

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To describe an exotic fruit, the persimmon, to students in a cooking class, the cooking instructor states, "The persimmon looks like a peach, but has the consistency of an apple." What kind of definition did the instructor use?

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Liberal analogy

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When charitable organizations use famous television personalities or musicians to act as spokespersons for their causes, what kind of testimony does the organization rely on to generate support?

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Celebrity

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Cigarette boxes frequently include the warning, "The Surgeon General reports that cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health." What kind of testimony does this message use to support their point that cigarette smoking may be physically harmful?

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Expert

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Which popular media source is used by over half of Americans for in-depth coverage of political issues?

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Newspapers

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Which of these was the first electronic mass medium?

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Radio

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___________ is a type of evidence that provides a specific voice on a topic.

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Testimony

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_______ are illustrations or cases that make ideas concrete.

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Examples

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Speakers use _______________ to clarify for audience members how they should interpret a term.

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Definitions

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A _______________relies upon an unspoken comparison between two things to appeal to audience members' emotions.

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Metaphor

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________________ meanings are the definitions you find in dictionaries.

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Denotative

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When you put together a speech, you typically develop the body and transitions first, then the introduction and the conclusion.

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TRUE

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When organizing a speech, you should spend the greatest amount of time on your first main point because the first main point should be the most important.

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FALSE. When organizing a speech you should devote an approximately equal amount of time to each main point.

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If your main points are not approximately equal in size and importance, you should consider revising your speech's structure.

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TRUE

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It is especially important to use internal summaries if you are giving a long speech because audiences are more likely to forget main points in lengthy speeches.

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TRUE. Internal summaries are especially important in long speeches.

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For speeches that are 10 minutes or less, conclusions should be no more than one minute long.

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TRUE

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Problem-solving organization is most useful when you are trying to convince your audience of a causal relationship between two things.

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FALSE. Cause-and-effect organization is most useful when you are trying to convince your audience of a causal relationship between two things.

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A complete-sentence outline reflects every word you'll say when you give your presentation.

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FALSE. A complete-sentence outline reflects the content of your speech in full-sentence form but may not be the exact words used in the speech.

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Main points should be equally important in relation to your topic and subpoints should be equally important in relation to your main points.

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TRUE.

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Monroe's Motivated Sequence is an organizational pattern that seeks to move audience members toward an action.

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TRUE

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Monroe's Motivated Sequence pattern should only be used for persuasive, not informative speeches.

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FALSE. Monroe's Motivated Sequence pattern can be used for persuasive and informative speeches.

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Which of the following organizational patterns is most appropriate for a speech about events leading to the passage of the 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote?

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Chronological

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Which of the following organizational patterns is most appropriate for a speech orienting first-year college students to significant places on campus?

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Spatial

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Which of the following organizational patterns is most appropriate for a speech about recent innovations in communication technology?

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Topical

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Which of the following organizational patterns is most appropriate for a speech about the relationship between different civil rights leaders who spoke at the March on Washington in 1963?

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Narrative

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Which of the following organizational patterns is most appropriate for a speech about the harmful consequences of drinking caffeinated beverages?

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Cause-and-effect

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Which of the following organization patterns is most appropriate for a speech about how a stoplight would decrease the number of accidents at a dangerous intersection near a local high school?

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Problem-solution

question

What are the five steps of Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

answer

Attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action

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In a speech about the most effective strategies to train a puppy, a dog trainer tells the audience, "Although you should never hit your dog, you should speak to your dog using a firm voice." What type of transition did the trainer just use?

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Contrasting

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In a lecture about how to bake a perfect chocolate cake, a chef tells his students, "After you have beaten your wet ingredients together, you should fold them into your dry ingredients." What type of transition did the chef just use?

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Chronology/time

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Which of these speech topics would be best organized by a cause-and-effect organization?

answer

How landfills impact air, water, and soil quality

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Transitions play an important role in creating ______________by directing an obvious and plausible connection among your ideas.

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Coherence

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A __________________is a type of organization based on the physical relationship between directions or objects.

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Spatial pattern

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______________ are longer transitions that help listeners move to the next main point.

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Internal summaries

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___________ is the type of speech organization encourages audience participation and involvement in the speech.

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Narrative pattern

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______________ is a type of organization that seeks to engage the audience and give them a reason to listen and take a specific action.

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Monroe's Motivated Sequence

question

Audiences tend to recall what the speaker says at the start of the speech because this is when they're most attentive.

answer

TRUE

question

Telling a joke can be an effective attention getter.

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TRUE

question

Speakers should downplay the controversial nature of their topics to prevent their audiences from feeling uncomfortable.

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FALSE. Speaker should be clear and honest about their topics, even if they are controversial.

question

Your introduction should clearly convey the specific purpose of your speech.

answer

TRUE

question

Previewing your main points should be the first part of the introduction.

answer

FALSE. Previewing your main points should occur in the introduction, but an attention getter is the best way to start.

question

The recency effect means the audience will recall what the speaker says in the conclusion more than what is said in the body of the speech.

answer

TRUE

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The most effective attention getters are 15 seconds or less.

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FALSE. The length of time your attention getter will take depends upon what kind of attention getter you choose and your topic.

question

When you deliver your speech, you do not need to state your purpose in the exact terms you used in your outline to get your purpose and thesis across to the audience.

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TRUE

question

One effective way to end a speech is to refer to something you said in your introduction.

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TRUE

question

Presentation media are too complicated to use in an introduction.

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FALSE. Presentation media can be used in an introduction for some speeches.

question

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the speech introduction?

answer

To distinguish the topic from the audience's interests

question

Which of the following is a proven strategy for gaining your audience's attention in the speech introduction.

answer

Tell an emotionally arousing but brief human interest story

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What kind of speech does not need a preview of main points?

answer

All of these: * A persuasive speech * An informative speech * An entertaining speech * A how-to speech

question

Quickly referencing some of your research accomplishes which objective of a speech introduction?

answer

To establish your credibility

question

Which of the following is NOT a central element of an introduction to a speech?

answer

Add length and depth to a short speech

question

Imagine that to introduce a 5 minute speech about the importance of pet adoption, a speaker tells a 1 minute story about how his mother recently adopted a puppy who enjoys playing with cats. Everyone in the class laughed with amusement. What aspect of getting the audience's attention did this speaker fail to consider?

answer

Consider the time

question

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the conclusion to a speech?

answer

To summarize main points and subpoints in great detail

question

What concept suggests that audience members are more likely to remember what the speaker says at the end than what she or he says in the body of the speech?

answer

The recency effect

question

Imagine that to conclude a speech about tuition increases over the past 5 years on the college campus, the speaker tells the audience that the Board of Regents at the university is meeting next month to discuss tuition rates for the upcoming school year. What strategy for providing closure does this example most clearly represent?

answer

Refer to subsequent events.

question

Imagine that to conclude a speech about domestic violence, a speaker tells the audience, "Domestic violence is the number one cause of injury to women in Western nations." What strategy for providing closure does this example most clearly represent?

answer

Make a dramatic statement.

question

An ________________is the first element of an introduction, used to generate interest in your speech.

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Attention getter

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The conclusion reinforces the purpose, reviews main points, and provides__________________.

answer

Closure

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The ______________________suggests that audience members are more likely to remember what the speaker says at the end of the speech than what he/she says in the body of the speech.

answer

The recency effect

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The ________________ suggests that audience members are more likely to remember what the speaker says right at the start of the speech.

answer

Primacy effect

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A brief, clear, strong, and striking statement that reinforces your specific purpose in the conclusion of a speech is referred to as a __________________.

answer

Memorable message

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