Network Design Project Essay Example

to provide a valuable product and service.

Within 12 months we intend to have more downloaded e-books and software. Within 2 years we will complete our downloaded sites. Within 5 years we plan to add more targeted pages and information for women in business. At this point we will have a massive list of business related articles. In this section you should add the names and the titles of your management team. If you are a corporation you should Include the President, Vice President, the key share holders and so on. You may also Include their knowledge and their experiences. This should take a form similar too resume.

Link Systems computer systems are great for our applications. We have notices some new systems out on the market. That are faster and less expensive then our original systems. We will update with this newer technology. These systems include CAP], five monitors, five mouse pads and a total Link Systems will be using the Cisco WAN Network to connect all of the company to its customers by computer, cell phone and PDA. I chose the star topology so that problems with one client would not interrupt the work flow of the other clients and/or the network.

The installation of anti virus software on every client computer was implemented to insure the protection of the network from mallard. Cabling Specifications A star topology is designed with each node file server, workstations, and reprisals connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator. Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls

all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.

This configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable. In a simple star topology with only one wiring closet, the MAD includes one or more horizontal cross-connect HOC patch panels. HOC patch cables are used to connect the Layer 1 horizontal cabling with the Layer 2 LANA switch ports. The uplink port of the LANA switch, based on the model, is connected to the Ethernet port of the Layer 3 router with a patch cable. At this point, the end host has a complete physical connection to the router port.

Local Area Network (LANA) Topologies A Local Area Network LANA is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building. Rarely are LANA computers more than a mile apart. In a typical LANA configuration, one imputer is designated as the file server. It stores all of the software that controls the network, as well as the software that can be shared by the computers attached to the network. Computers connected to the file server are called workstations.

The workstations can be less powerful than the file server, and they may have additional software on their hard drives. On many Lana, cables are used to connect the network interface cards in each computer; other Lana may be wireless. All stations are connected by cable or wireless to a central point, such as hub or a switch. If the entrap node is operating

in a broadcast fashion such as a Hub, transmission of a frame from one station to the node is retransmitted on all of the outgoing links. In this case, although the arrangement is physically a star, it is logically a bus.

In the case of the central node acting as switch, an incoming frame is processed in the node and then retransmitted on an outgoing link to the destination station. Ethernet protocols IEEE 802. 3 are often used in the Star topology LANA. Wide Area Network (WAN) Design A Wide Area Network ( WAN) is a computer network covering multiple distance areas, which may spread across the entire world. Wants often connect multiple smaller networks, such as local area networks (Lana) or metro area networks (MANs). The world's most popular WAN is the Internet. Some segments of the Internet are also Wants in themselves.

The key difference between WAN and LANA technologies is scalability C WAN must be able to grow as needed to cover multiple cities, even Wide Area Network. The switches can be connected in different topologies such as full mesh and half mesh. A wide area network may be privately owned or rented from a service provider, but the term usually connotes the inclusion of public (shared user) networks. Both packet switching and circuit switching technologies are used in the WAN. Packet switching allows users to share common carrier resources so that the carrier can make more efficient use of its infrastructure.

In a packet switching setup, networks have connections into the carrier's network, and many customers share the carrier's network. The carrier can then create virtual circuits between customers' sites by

which packets of data are delivered from one to the other through the network. Circuit Switching allows data connections to be established when needed and then terminated when communication is complete. This works like a normal telephone line works for voice communication. Integrated Services Digital Network (KIDS) is a good example of circuit switching.

When a router has data for a remote site, the switched circuit is initiated with the circuit number of the remote network. I Examples of Wide Area Network Technologies. I l[Pick] I I Wide Area Network Topology I [pick] I Cisco WAN Network I WAN Virtual private network (VPN) is a technology widely used in a public switched network (EST.) to provide private and secured WAN for an organization. VPN uses encryption and other techniques to make it appear that the organization has a dedicated outwork, while making use of the shared infrastructure of the WAN.

WAN technologies generally function at the lower three layers of the OSI reference model: the physical layer, the data link layer, and the network layer. Key technologies often found in WANTS include SONNET, Frame Relay, X. 25, ATM and APP. ; ATM: A dedicated-connection switching technology that organizes digital data into 53-byte cell units. Individually, a cell is processed asynchronously relative to other related cells and is queued before being multiplexed over the transmission path. Speeds on ATM networks can reach 10 Gaps. ; Frame Relay: (FRR). A high-speed packet- witched data communications service, similar to X. 5. Frame relay is widely used for LANA-to-LANA interconnect services, and is well suited to the bursts demands of LANA environments. ; SONNET/SAD: Synchronous Optical Network is an

international standard for high speed communication over fiber-optic networks. The SONNET establishes Optical Carrier (CO) levels from 51. 8 Mbps to 10 Gaps (CO-192) or even higher. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SAD) is a European equivalent of SONNET. X. 25: The X. 25 protocol allows computers on different public networks to communicate through an intermediary computer at the network layer level. Up: A point-to-point link provides a single, pre-established WAN communications path from the customer premises through a carrier network, such as a telephone company, to a remote network. Point-to-point lines are usually leased from a carrier and thus are often called leased lines. For a point-to-point line, the carrier allocates pairs of wire and facility hardware to your line only. IP can also be considered as a WAN technology in the packet switching environment. Wants are typically utilized flexible and cost effective means for their employees to communicate and share information across a central computer network.

Wide Area Networks form a proper foundation for a number of business critical applications including: I IIOP phone service I Video delivery Centralized merchant transactions I Secure access to internal I I Remote application I I laces (Citric) I I Remote user access I I File transfer/sharing Software applications I Outsourced network management I Compliance requirements I Central data storage & backup There are a number of different approaches to the design of wide area networks. Some solutions are geared toward low cost, low bandwidth requirements while others are geared toward enterprise class applications.

Whether you are implementing Poi phone service or processing merchant transactions, Splinters can help you identify the most cost effective solution. Network Protocols A network

protocol defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices. Protocols for computer networking all generally use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets. Network protocols include mechanisms for devices to identify and make connections with each other, as well as formatting rules that specify how data is packaged into messages sent and received.

Some protocols also support message acknowledgment and data compression designed for reliable and/or high- performance network communication. Hundreds of different computer network protocols have been developed each designed for specific purposes and environments. How Network Protocols Are Implemented. Modern operating systems like Microsoft Windows contain built-in services or daemons that implement support for some network protocols. Applications like Web browsers contain software libraries that support the high level protocols necessary for that application to function.

For some lower level TCP/IP and routing protocols, support is implemented n directly hardware (silicon chippies) for improved performance. Network Remote Access Remote Access Services (RASA) refers to any combination of hardware and software to enable the remote access to tools or information that typically reside on a network of IT devices. A RASA server is a specialized computer which aggregates multiple communication channels together. Because these channels are bidirectional, two models emerge: Multiple entities connecting to a single resource, and a single entity connecting to multiple resources.

Both of these models are widely used. Both hysterical and virtual resources can be provided through a RASA server: centralized computing can provide multiple users access to a remote virtual operating system. Access Providers often use RASA servers to terminate physical connections to their Originally coined by Microsoft when referring to their

built-in NT remote access tools, RASA was a service provided by Windows NT which allows most of the services which would be available on a network to be accessed over a modem link.

The service includes support for dialup and logon, and then presents the same network interface as the normal network drivers (albeit slightly slower). It is not necessary to run Windows NT on the client - there are client versions for other Windows operating A feature built into Windows NT that enables users to log into an NT- systems. Based LANA using a modem, X. 25 connection or WAN link. RASA works with several major network protocols, including TCP/IP, PIX, and N.B.. To use RASA from a remote node, you need a RASA client program, which is built into most versions of Windows, or any APP client software.

For example, most remote control programs work with RASA. Starting in the mid-sass, several manufacturers such as U. S. Robotics produced "modem terminal servers". Instead of having RSI-232 ports, these would directly incorporate an analog modem. These devices were commonly used by Internet service providers to allow consumer dial-up. Modern versions interface to an KIDS PRI instead of having analog modem ports. Over the years, many vendors have provided both hardware and software solutions to gain remote access to various types of networked information.

In fact, most modern routers include a basic RASA capability that can be enabled for any dial-up interface. Network Business Applications API (Business Application Programming Interface) is used in mynas to achieve cuisines related functionalities. It is a remote-enabled function module which is provided by SAP. Balls enable access to SAP

functions across formal, stable and dialog-free interfaces. These interfaces can be used by external applications developed by customers and complementary software partners as well as by other SAP applications.

Balls are defined as API methods of SAP Business Object Types. These object types are used within the Business Framework to enable object-based communication between components. Business objects and their Balls enable object orientation to be used in central information processing in companies. For example, existing functions and data can be re-used, trouble-free technical interoperability can be achieved and non-SAP components can be implemented. Applications can use Balls to directly access the application layer of the R/3 System and, as clients, applications can use the business logic of the RE System.

Balls provide the client with an object-oriented view of the application objects without needing to know the implementation details. Balls are always developed by defining scenarios. These scenarios are used to map and implement system-wide business processes. Backup and Disaster Recovery Disaster recovery is the process, policies and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster.

Disaster recovery planning is a subset of a larger process known as business continuity planning and should include planning for resumption of applications, data, hardware, communications and other IT aspects such as key personnel, facilities, crisis communication and reputation protection, and should refer to the disaster recovery plan for IT related infrastructure recovery / continuity. This article focuses on disaster recovery planning as related to IT infrastructure.

With the increasing importance of information technology for the continuation of business critical functions, combined with a transition to

an around- the-clock economy, the importance of protecting an organization's data and IT infrastructure in the event of a disruptive situation has become an increasing and more visible business priority in recent years. It is estimated that most large companies spend between 2% and 4% of their IT budget on disaster recovery planning, with the aim of avoiding larger losses in the event that the business cannot intention to function due to loss of IT infrastructure and data.

Of companies that had a major loss of business data, 43% never reopen, 51% close within two years, and only 6% will survive long-term. Classification of Disasters Disaster can be classified in two broad categories. Biz, 1) Natural disasters- Preventing a natural disaster is very difficult, but it is possible to take precautions to avoid losses. These disasters include flood, fire, earthquake, hurricane. 2) Man made disasters- These disasters are major reasons for failure. Human error and intervention may be intentional or unintentional which can cause massive failures such as loss of communication and utility.

These disasters include accidents, walkouts, sabotage, burglary, virus, intrusion. General steps to follow while creating BCC/DRP 1 . Identify the scope and boundaries of business continuity plan. First step enables us to define scope of BCC. It provides an idea for limitations and boundaries of plan. It also includes audit and risk analysis reports for institution's assets. 2. Conduct a business impact analysis. Business impact analysis is study and assessment of financial losses to institution resulting from destructive event as unavailability of important business services. Sell the concept of BCC to upper management and obtain organizational and financial commitment. Convincing senior management

to approve BCC/DRP is key task. It is very important for security professionals to get approval for plan from upper management to bring it to effect. 4. Each department will need to understand its role in plan and support to maintain it. In case of disaster, each department has to be prepared for the action. To recover and to protect the critical systems each department has to understand the plan and follow it accordingly.

It is also important to maintain and help in the creation of a plan for ACH individual department. 5. The BCC project team must implement the plan. After approval from upper management plan should be maintained and implemented. Implementation team should follow the guidelines procedures in plan. 6. NIST tool set can be used for doing BCC. National Institute of standards and Technologies has published tools which can help in creating BCC. Control measures in recovery plan Control measures are steps or mechanisms that can reduce or eliminate computer security threats. Different types of measures can be included in BCC/DRP.

Types of measures: 1 . Preventive measures - These controls are aimed at preventing an event from discovering unwanted events. 3. Corrective measures - These controls are aimed at correcting or restoring the system after disaster or event. These controls should be always documented and tested regularly. Strategies Prior to selecting a disaster recovery strategy, a disaster recovery planner should refer to their organization's business continuity plan which should indicate the key metrics of recovery point objective and recovery time objective for various business processes.

The metrics specified for the business processes must then be mapped to he underlying IT systems

and infrastructure that support those processes. Once the ROOT and RPR metrics have been mapped to IT infrastructure, the DRP planner can determine the most suitable recovery strategy for each system. An important note here however is that the business ultimately sets the IT budget and therefore the ROOT and RPR metrics need to fit with the available budget. While most business unit heads would like zero data loss and zero time loss, the cost associated with that level of protection may make the desired high availability solutions impractical.

The following is a list of the most common strategies for data protection. Backups made to tape and sent off-site at regular intervals ; Backups made to disk on-site and automatically copied to off-site disk, or made directly to off-site disk Replication of data to an off-site location, which overcomes the need to restore the data. This generally makes use of storage area network technology ; High availability systems which keep both the data and system replicated off-site, enabling continuous access to systems and data ; Wide Area Network Optimization technology - helps improve disaster recovery and increases network response time .

This type of technology will also make sure data still comes through the network even when it's down.. In many cases, an organization may elect to use an outsourced disaster recovery provider to provide a stand-by site and systems rather than using their own remote facilities. In addition to preparing for the need to recover systems, organizations must also implement precautionary measures with an objective of preventing a disaster in the first place. These may include some of the following: Local mirrors of systems

and/or data and use of disk protection technology such as

RAID ; Surge protectors -? to minimize the effect of power surges on delicate electronic equipment ; Uninterruptible power supply and/or backup generator to keep systems going in the event of a power failure ; Fire preventions -? alarms, fire extinguishers ; Ann-virus software and other security measures Network Security The terms Network Security and Information Security are often used interchangeably. Network Security is generally taken as providing protection at the boundaries of an organization by keeping out intruders.

Information Security, however, explicitly focuses on protecting data resources from mallard attack or impel mistakes by people within an organization by use of Data Loss Prevention techniques. One of these techniques is to compartmentalize large networks with internal boundaries. Employees have to cross these boundaries and be authenticated when attempting to access protected information. Network security Network security starts from authenticating the user, commonly with a surname and a password.

Since this requires Just one thing besides the user name, the password which is something you know, this is sometimes termed one factor authentication. With two factor authentication something you have is also used like a security token or dongle, an ATM card, or your mobile phone, or with three factor authentication something you are is also used like a fingerprint or retail scanner. Once authenticated, a firewall enforces access policies such as what services are allowed to be accessed by the network users.

Though effective to prevent unauthorized access, this component may fail to check potentially harmful content such as computer worms or Trojan being transmitted over the network. Anti-virus software or an intrusion prevention

system help detect and inhibit the action of such mallard. An anomaly-based intrusion detection system may also monitor the outwork and traffic for unexpected content or behavior and other anomalies to protect resources, e. G. From denial of service attacks or an employee accessing files at strange times.

Individual events occurring on the network may be logged for audit purposes and for later high level analysis. Communication between two hosts using the network could be encrypted to maintain privacy. Honestly, essentially decoy network-accessible resources, could be deployed in a network as surveillance and early-warning tools. Techniques used by the attackers that attempt to compromise these decoy resources are studied during and after an attack to keep an ye on new exploitation techniques. Such analysis could be used to further tighten security of the actual network being protected by the honeymoon.

A useful summary of standard concepts and methods in network security is given by in the form of an extensible ontology of network security attacks. Security management Security Management for networks is different for all kinds of situations. A small home or an office would only require basic security while large businesses will require high maintenance and advanced software and hardware to prevent malicious attacks from hacking and spamming. Small homes A basic firewall like COMMON Internet Security or a unified threat management ; For Windows users, basic Antivirus software like BAG Antivirus, SET system.