Essayist Art

more important to those who are hard of hearing than silence will ever be to the average person.

Chapter 9:

The Village Metonymy "perhaps my body would find its way home if its master should forsake it." (117) Thoreau uses the word"master" as a substitute for the word "I." "Master" logically connects to Thoreaus mind or intuition. Thoreau has no difficulty using the word "I" in other parts of Walden , but he uses "master" here because in this situation his mind is separate from his body. Therefore, the full "I" cannot exist because Thoreaus mind and body are so connected.

Chapter 12:

Higher Laws Pun "I have no doubt that it is a part of the destiny of the human race, in its gradual improvement to leave off eating animals." (147-148) By using the words "leave off" Thoreau creates a paronomasia pun because"leave off" has a similar structure to "live off." This creates the effect that to "leave off" eating animals , in reality, is an absurd suggestion because humans must "live off" eating animals.

Chapter 12:

Neighbors Metaphor "Suddenly your adversarys checker disappears beneath the board, and the problem is to place yours nearest to where his will appear again." (159) Thoreau uses the metaphor of the checker board to provide a more familiar example for his readers in the description of a game he played with a loon. This metaphor gives the effect that people often find themselves in unexpected situations, and they may never suspect their adversary to "play" so well.

Chapter 17:

The Pond in Winter Extended Metaphor "the long lost bottom of Walden Pond" (191) Thoreau uses the bottomless aspect of Walden Pond to illustrate many different

points. By using the pond as a metaphor Thoreau shows his readers that stories are often without foundation, like the pond. He also says, " It is remarkable how long men will believe in the bottomlessness of a pond without taking the trouble to sound it." (191) Using this metaphor for the pond and society, Thoreau tells his readers that they should investigate and not draw rapid conclusions because the depth of any aspect of society can not be known until it undergoes a thorough investigation. Furthermore, Thoreau says, "What if all ponds were made shallow? Would it not react the minds of men? I am thankful that this pond was made deep and pure for a symbol. While men believe in the infinite some ponds will be thought to be bottomless." (191) In this passage Thoreau tells the reader that he is using the bottomlessness of the pond as a metaphor for society. He makes the point that society will invent its own circumstances to remain inquisitive in an infinite search for truth.

Chapter 19:

Conclusion Paradox "the dead dry life of society" (221) Thoreau creates a paradox by using the adjective "dead" to describe life. This is a paradox because life is impossible if one is dead. Thoreau expresses his attitude about materialistic societies in this paradox. Life has become so trivial that, in effect, any hope of a "real," meaningful life is dead.

Chapter 19:

Conclusion Simile "The life in us is like the water in the river." (221) For Thoreau, life may be similar to the water in the river, because it flows over anything in its path, it babbles or communicates with everything it

meets, follows many different directions, continually has something to keep it connected, or on a transcendental level, it would have no clear beginning or end. Thoreau uses this simile to achieve a philosophic effect and as the beginning of a metaphor.