Harold Innis’ theories successfully characterize the many different ways of human communication throughout his lifetime. Now commonly referred to as media, communication technologies have evolved and become as complex as humans themselves have changed throughout time. Recalling a question asked by his philosophy professor, why do we attend to the things in which we attend, Innis came to the conclusion that the answer lied in the medium that people communicated: oral or written (20-21). Unfortunately for Innis, he was not able to experience the medium that has undoubtedly revolutionized modern day communications – the Internet.
Considering the aspects that shape the internet and the characteristics that define Innis’ notions of oral and written, the Internet finds itself straddling the line that separates the two traditions and seeks refuge in its
...own, other classification. The Internet is a large and vague concept that can be more easily relatable to Innis’ theories when looking at specific components. For this reason, the Internet itself can be interpreted within the definitions of both the oral and written traditions. At first glance, the relationship between the Internet and the written tradition is more obvious and agreed upon.
Innis states that the written tradition isolates the individual as a reader, and overall creates a more personal experience with one’s self (72-73). In many cases like reading online newspapers and the many blogs specializing in celebrity gossip, fashion and other subjects, the Internet mimics this individual experience and makes its user the reader (Frost). In essence, the Internet can be regarded to as nothing more than a book of massive proportion, containing answers to the questions from an
infinite number of subjects, readily available to any reader that seeks them.
Also defined in the written tradition, the Internet has the ability to spread quickly and reach a vast audience (Innis 80-81). The written tradition is a communicator of facts, including chronologies and important moments in history, and ignores ideas that become long-term, ethical issues (Innis 82-83). However, the plethora of information available limits the written tradition’s ability to achieve what the oral tradition can – the deeper, conceptual understanding of knowledge (Innis 94).
Websites like Wikipedia are consistently updated with the latest information, making it an excellent source for specific facts the reader wants to know at any moment in time. However, it is impossible for readers to read an article on physics and declare themselves engineers. It is the aspects of the Internet like these that demonstrate how the improvements of the written tradition have made intellectual understanding more difficult (Innis 94). In terms of the oral tradition, Innis believes that it is the interactivity between the teller and the audience that characterizes it from written tradition (117).
As a result, it is a difficult to conceptualize how the Internet acts as an oral communicator in addition to a written one, which it shares more similarities with. Contradictory to the written tradition, the oral tradition is a slow process that, together with its interactivity, allows for deeper meaning, understanding, and learning (Innis 123-124). This way of communicating would be different depending on who the communicator is and their personal use of gestures, tones and dramatizations (Innis 126). The popular website YouTube grasps a part of this concept through the
interactivity of its video (Frost).
Multiple how-to tutorials of do-it-yourself projects teach the audience to ultimately attain a better understanding of techniques that would be otherwise hard to master from a step-by-step instruction manual. Additionally, Skype has been able to mimic the conversation experienced by through the telephone, complete with the gestures, tones and dramatization that define the oral tradition (Innis 125). As a result, it is obvious that the Internet shares characteristics between both traditions defined within Innis’ theories.
Ultimately, Harold Innis would experience great difficulty if he lived to experience the age of the Internet. Based on his time – space theory, the oral and written traditions are master of time and space respectively (Innis 151-152). However, the knowledge within the Internet can easily exist throughout time as long as it exists and can transcend space and reach millions of people within seconds. As a result, the Internet cannot be classified as oral or written and is deserving of its own category. Evidently, Innis would proclaim the Internet a master of both time and space.
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