Development children and young people’s Essay Example

participate in physical activities. For instance, students who cannot walk might need assistance with accessible restrooms or hoisting equipment. Additionally, students who appear different from their peers often become targets for bullies, which significantly hampers their social growth.

Individuals with disabilities may encounter difficulties in their physical development, specifically in sports and games. Consequently, they may experience feelings of exclusion and distinctiveness. It is essential to make adaptations to enable their active participation; however, these modifications could potentially impact their speed or effectiveness.

Individuals with sensory impairment may face difficulties in their oral skills if they are deaf, as they struggle to adjust their speech without the ability to hear themselves. Additionally, not knowing sign language can affect their communication and attention abilities. On the other hand, those who are visually impaired might encounter challenges in activities like playing games, reading, and writing, often needing extra time due to relying on Braille. I have a clear memory from college where I took part in a communication task that involved one person being blindfolded and depending solely on the other person's descriptions. This experience emphasized how losing one sense can make an individual feel like they have lost control over their environment.

Learning difficulties can manifest differently in individuals with the same condition. For instance, those with dyslexia may struggle with reading and writing, frequently omitting words or letters. However, they may excel in Art and IT. Likewise, individuals with ADHD may have trouble focusing on lengthy tasks but exhibit exceptional abilities in sports. Those diagnosed with autism might find it challenging to engage socially in group activities and their communication skills could

be impacted, sometimes requiring the use of makaton. Nevertheless, they might possess outstanding expertise in a specific field.

The education field always considers theories and frameworks to support development, serving as a foundation for our work. These theories provide a central theme for generating ideas that facilitate children's development. Piaget's Constructive theories, for example, suggest that babies and infants learn through their five senses. Therefore, in nursery settings, we make sure to offer items that engage all five senses and are safe to put in the mouth since babies explore using their mouths. As children get older, we provide items resembling those used by adults like pretend shops and kitchens, creating numerous opportunities for imaginative play.

According to Albert Bandura's social learning theory, children imitate the behaviors of their primary caregivers, emphasizing the significance of skilled and committed staff members in supporting their development.

When examining how individuals react to situations, we can draw upon concepts from Sigmund Freud's theory of id, ego, and super ego. According to Freud, people progress through three stages: the id stage where they focus solely on their own desires; the ego stage where they begin considering how to satisfy those desires; and finally, the superego stage where they understand the relationship between reward and guilt. In our nursery for older children, we have implemented a system that utilizes sticker charts as a motivation for good behavior. A sticker serves as a reward and at the end of each week, a significant treat is given. This approach aligns with Ivan Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning because children learn through stimuli. For example, receiving a sticker acts as

a stimulus that leads to receiving praise and a treat. Pavlov's experiments with stimuli also relate to Skinner's research on rats which demonstrated that rats received food when they pressed a lever. Therefore, humans learn that by performing tasks correctly, they will receive rewards.

According to Jerome Bruner's theory of development, infants learn through actions rather than mental images. Thus, we emphasize providing opportunities for exploration, like fitting blocks into the correct hole or interacting with a teddy bear with fastenings. Additionally, Iev Vygotsky's theory suggests that children learn by following instructions and imitating adults. Consequently, in the nursery setting, we frequently teach actions through nursery rhymes and have the children repeat them back to us.

To promote moral and creative development, it is essential to prioritize meeting our basic needs, such as food and water. Our nursery focuses on providing children with a balanced diet, comfort, and a secure environment to support their growth.