The Coca-Cola Company, established in the late 1800’s, is globally recognized for its long-lasting existence and consistent expansion due to innovation. Nevertheless, following the passing of CEO Robert Goizueta, the company has encountered multiple ethical dilemmas that have had adverse effects on its financial progress, corporate atmosphere, business connections, and shareholder support.
By thoroughly examining past ethical dilemmas, resolving grievances, and seeking third-party consulting, Coca-Cola is working towards regaining consumer and business partners' trust. The company's struggles began in 1997 when CEO Robert Goizueta passed away and Doug Ivester took over after being trained by Goizueta. While Ivester was successful in managing the company's financial flow, he lacked the skills to address the ethical crises that arose.
In 2000, Ivester departed from the com
...pany, leaving Dough Daft as CEO. Daft inherited a somewhat tarnished company that had maintained a flawless record for 100 years. However, Daft's reputation as CEO was questionable and led to allegations of racial discrimination with distributors. In 2004, Daft left Coca-Cola, passing on the CEO position to Neville Isdell. Coca-Cola is a globally recognized and esteemed brand with a trademark value of approximately $25 billion. The company has consistently implemented strategies to attract, fulfill, and retain customers.
During World War II, CEO Robert Woodruff made a commitment to sell Coca-Cola at a price of five cents per bottle to customers who were serving in the military. This strategy not only helped maintain low costs but also built strong customer loyalty, ultimately contributing to the establishment of Coca-Cola as a globally recognized brand. However, in 2000, Coca-Cola's reputation suffered a setback when it failed to make Fortune's
annual top ten list of "America's Most Admired Companies" for the first time in over ten years.
The company encountered challenges in leadership, financial performance, and reputation. Furthermore, it was taken off Business Ethics' "100 Best Corporate Citizens" list in 2001. This served as a wake-up call and disappointment for the company but was not surprising considering the ethical dilemmas it faced. Coca-Cola handled allegations of misconduct and questionable practices that had a substantial impact on its stakeholders.
Coca-Cola's financial performance has suffered due to ethical and legal problems, causing its stock to stagnate at the same price as a decade ago. The company has faced multiple ethical crises, leading to management changes, loss of significant shareholders, and reputational harm. These ongoing events warrant an examination into why Coca-Cola has been unable to effectively prevent these detrimental incidents.
In June 1999, around thirty Belgian children fell ill after drinking Coca-Cola products. As a result, the company decided to recall these items. However, the situation escalated as the Belgian government mandated a recall of all Coca-Cola products. This decision influenced Luxembourg and the Netherlands to also order recalls. The cause of the illnesses was determined to be poorly processed carbon dioxide by Coca-Cola. It took several days for Coca-Cola to apologize formally for this crisis, which received media criticism due to its slow response.
The company initially underestimated the situation and did not consider it a health risk, leading to their surprise when they faced a public relations disaster. France quickly notified Coca-Cola that over 100 French citizens had fallen ill and imposed a ban on all Coca-Cola products until the issue
was resolved. Shortly after, Poland received a shipment of mold-contaminated Coca-Cola products. In both cases, Coca-Cola's slow response and failure to acknowledge the severity of the situation severely damaged its reputation.
In December 1999, Belgium took measures to tackle the contamination crisis and rebuild trust. Consequently, Coca-Cola was directed to halt its “Restore” advertising campaign, which had a negative impact on its standing in the European market. The company's dominance in the market raised concerns about ethics, leading to a government inquiry into its marketing tactics. Additionally, in 1999, Coca-Cola displayed aggressive behavior in the French market, resulting in the French government rejecting its attempt to acquire Orangina, a French beverage company.
French authorities asked Coca-Cola to reduce its acquisition of Cadbury Schweppes. In addition, in 1999, Coca-Cola experienced a legal setback in Italy due to unfair pricing, prompting the European Commission to launch an extensive investigation into Coca-Cola's competitive tactics. Both PepsiCo and Virgin alleged that Coca-Cola used rebates and discounts to dominate shelf space with their products. These actions by Coca-Cola were found to violate European laws. Furthermore, in 1999, Coca-Cola was accused of participating in racial discrimination.
Coca-Cola was sued by 1,500 African American employees for racial discrimination, which later grew to include an additional 2,000 past and present employees. The allegations against Coca-Cola included disparities in pay, lack of promotions, and biased evaluations towards these employees. According to the plaintiffs, African Americans were paid an average of $26,000 less yearly compared to their Caucasian counterparts in similar positions. Furthermore, it was claimed that Coca-Cola's top management had knowledge of this discrimination since 1995 but took no action to
resolve it.
Despite Coca-Cola's strong denial of the allegations, the lawsuit led to significant criticism from customers and investors. In order to minimize potential damage, Coca-Cola established a diversity committee. Eventually, the discrimination lawsuit was settled with Coca-Cola paying $193 million. Additionally, in 2002, Coca-Cola encountered difficulties with Burger King when one of its executives filed a whistle-blowing lawsuit accusing deceptive practices in a market research conducted for Burger King. As a means to boost sales, Coca-Cola proposed that Burger King invest in promoting frozen Coke as a snack choice for children.
The test market involved customers who received a coupon for a complimentary frozen Coke when they bought a value meal. Burger King Executives were cautious about the new product due to the significant investment required for each store to distribute and promote it. Moreover, every restaurant would need to buy equipment, syrup, and allocate advertising funds to support the new offering. The sales of frozen Coke during the test marketing period were disappointing. Consequently, Coca-Cola decided to reward one person with $10,000 to take numerous children to Burger King to purchase value meals along with the frozen Coke.
When the fraud investigation uncovered the truth, Coca-Cola had to pay Burger King $21 million and the whistle-blower received $540,000. Additionally, they had to take a $9 million pretax write-off. Despite Coca-Cola disputing the claims, their attempts to influence frozen Coke research led to severe consequences such as negative publicity, criminal investigations, and a loss of trust from stakeholders. Another issue faced by Coca-Cola was allegations of channel stuffing, which involves shipping surplus supplies to wholesalers and retailers at an excessive rate.
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In summary, a company considers shipments as sales even if the items are still in warehouses or returned to the manufacturer. This practice, known as channel stuffing, makes it seem like there is high demand for a product, leading to misleading financial statements and potentially deceiving investors. Back in 1997 to 1999, Coca-Cola faced accusations of sending additional concentrate to Japanese bottlers in order to boost earnings. In 2004, Coca-Cola acknowledged the presence of inflated earnings resulting from the shipment of extra concentrate to Japan.
Coca-Cola acknowledged its involvement in channel stuffing, as discovered by the SEC, and agreed to settle the allegations. The company convinced bottlers to buy extra concentrate in return for substantial credit, a practice that is deemed legal. As part of resolving the issue with the SEC, Coca-Cola committed to refrain from engaging in channel stuffing going forward. Consequently, Coca-Cola established an ethics and compliance office responsible for verifying the absence of any payment modifications or special credit extensions every fiscal quarter.
Furthermore, the amount of concentrate held by international bottlers that Coca-Cola agreed to reduce. Apart from settling with the SEC and the Justice Department, Coca-Cola still has to face a shareholder lawsuit in Japan, North America, Europe, and South Africa. Additionally, in 2006, Coca-Cola encountered issues with its distributors and bottlers when fifty-four bottlers filed lawsuits. The lawsuits were an attempt to prevent Coca-Cola from expanding the delivery of Powerade to Wal-Mart warehouses outside of Texas. The bottlers claimed that the Powerade bottler agreement did not permit warehouse delivery except for commissaries.
The statement ultimately claimed that Coca-Cola had breached the contract by agreeing to
supply Powerade to Wal-Mart through warehouse delivery. The issue arose as Coca-Cola was trying to move away from the traditional method of direct store delivery (DSD). In DSD, bottlers personally deliver goods to individual stores, stock shelves, and set up displays. Coca-Cola and CCE insisted that they were merely accommodating Wal-Mart's request for warehouse delivery, which is the method PepsiCo uses for its Gatorade brand.
CCE had planned to pay bottles for taking over Powerade distribution in their private territories, but the bottlers were concerned that this would violate antitrust laws. They also believed that if Coca-Cola and CCE proceeded with warehouse delivery, it would significantly devalue the bottlers' industry. The negative media coverage of Coca-Cola's problem had a damaging impact on its reputation. When one corporation's reputation within a channel structure is affected, it affects all corporations in the supply chain to some extent.
The implementation of a venture resource system by Coca-Cola has caused the sharing of its confidential information with various partners, leading to a lack of transparency. This lack of transparency can result in increased risks for the partners associated with Coca-Cola and can impact their financial performance.
Coca-Cola has implemented various modifications and enhancements to transform the public's perception of the company. They have even revised their mission statement and updated their website, asserting themselves as the biggest beverage company globally, offering consumers a range of more than 500 sparkling and still brands. Their portfolio now incorporates sixteen billion dollar brands including Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero, vitaminwater, Powerade, Minute Maid, Simply, Georgia, and Del Valle.
As the leading global provider of carbonated beverages, pre-made
coffees, and fruit juices, our products are enjoyed by individuals in over 200 countries. With a staggering 1.8 billion servings consumed daily, we prioritize sustainability and strive to minimize our environmental impact. Furthermore, we actively promote healthy living, foster a secure and inclusive workplace for our staff members, and contribute to economic development within the regions where we operate.
The Coca-Cola Foundation (2013) states that we are among the top 10 private employers worldwide, with over 700,000 system employees and our bottling partners. Our mission at Coca-Cola is to benefit and refresh all those connected to our business. By consistently increasing market share and earnings, we have successfully established Coca-Cola as a globally renowned brand. Additionally, we have implemented social responsibility programs to further strengthen our brand due to our strong market orientation and widespread recognition.
Coke's programs are based on their core beliefs in the marketplace, workplace, society, and environment. They aim to promote moments of hopefulness through their brands and actions. Coca-Cola's vision for sustainable growth is upheld by creating a positive work environment where employees are motivated to excel. They offer a variety of beverage brands that anticipate and fulfill consumer needs, while also being a responsible global citizen that maximizes shareholder returns while maintaining overall responsibilities.
Coca-Cola places great importance on social responsibility, particularly through charitable programs aimed at helping local education and community improvement initiatives. The Coca-Cola foundations are dedicated to improving the lives of individuals and communities. In Singapore, they have implemented the "Education on wheels" initiative, which offers children an interactive way to learn about history. This program encourages creativity and communication skills while offering
fresh insights into urban living.
The company has made another valuable change in their commitment to supporting the community with higher education. Coca-Cola provides grants to numerous colleges and universities across over half of the United States and various international grants as well. Furthermore, Coca-Cola offers scholarships to over 200 colleges and anticipates further growth in the next three years. This encompasses support to 30 tribal colleges through the American Indian College Fund, as well as scholarships for students in the Hispanic Scholarship Fund. These initiatives contribute to enhancing the reputation and trademark of Coca-Cola.
The Coca-Cola Scholars program annually selects 250 new scholars and brings them to Atlanta for individual interviews. Out of these scholars, fifty are designated as National Scholars and receive $20,000 awards for college. The remaining 200 scholars become Regional Scholars and receive $4,000 awards. Since its inception in 1986, this program has provided over $22 million in education assistance to more than 2,500 students sponsored by Coca-Cola. It is open to all high school seniors in the United States. Additionally, Coca-Cola acknowledges its global responsibilities and consistently takes action to fulfill them.
Coca-Cola showcases its dedication to environmental preservation through eco-friendly procurement practices and facility establishment. Additionally, the company collaborates with UNAIDS in Africa to combat the AIDS epidemic, further demonstrating its commitment to addressing local issues. These initiatives have strengthened consumer trust in Coca-Cola's brand loyalty and fostered relationship marketing. With its extensive track record and diverse efforts, Coca-Cola has firmly solidified its reputation as a trustworthy corporation.
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