Entrepreneurial structure Essay Example

to successful completion.

Person civilizations involve persons who don’t needfully work closely together. They look toward to organisation for support, since most of them would be spouses and portion direction. For illustration, a group of attorneies.

The civilization best suited to the entrepreneurial construction is the power civilization as it is centralized around one person, control is the cardinal component. The hierarchal construction on the other manus can outdo be linked to the function civilization as the organisation is split into maps and each person within the map is assigned a function.

Approaches to Management and Leadership

Briefly describe two different direction attacks and explicate how these direction attacks could be implemented in an organisation.

“Management” may non easy be defined; nevertheless it fundamentally describes the procedure of acquiring things done in a co-ordinated mode.

The thought of “scientific management” was set out by Frederick Taylor, and refers to a direction attack in which it was believed that a undertaking should be complete in the “best way”. It was designed to cut down inefficiency and regarded money as the lone motivation factor to work. The “best way” is a method utilizing selected skilled workers to finish undertakings in the quickest clip, following a sequence that does non let for alteration. Workers are supervised to guarantee that methods are carried out as directed and would accordingly be rewarded or punished based on public presentation. It is straight linked to end product and follows the old expression, “a carnival day’s work deserves a just day’s pay”. Workers underachieving hence would lose net incomes whilst those overachieving would gain fillips.

This scientific direction attack can outdo be applied in mass production industries where labour is

extensively specialized for case, vehicle assembly lines. It can besides be applied locally to Harris Paints Dominica Limited, a pigment fabrication company, in its production section as mass production occurs at that place. There is a clear division of the undertaking and duty between the proficient trough, besides caput of that section, and the production workers. There is merely one way- the best way- of pigment production; scientifically tested and proven expressions. These are to be followed on a precise order to accomplish a concluding merchandise within peculiar specification bounds. Workers are manus selected for peculiar undertakings like tincting and trained consequently to execute these occupations. They co-operate along the production lines in conformity with the expression and occupation instructions for doing pigments. They are rewarded with economic inducements.

Though Taylor’s attack seemed appealing in early old ages, it subsequently became clear that factors other than money affected motive. This new tendency of idea was called the Human Relations School. This attack was founded after experiments conducted between 1927 and 1932. They were ab initio based on “scientific management” - the belief that productiveness was affected by work conditions, accomplishments and fiscal wagess. It nevertheless proved that these alterations truly didn’t affect productiveness, instead greater coherence and communicating through group interaction motivated workers, accordingly increasing end product. It farther explored the truth that persons need to be given chances to act upon their work environment and be continuously provided with challenges and involvement. They were besides motivated by the involvement displayed in their work. Overall, the Human Relations School implies that a “business taking to maximise productiveness must do certain that the ‘personal satisfaction’ of workers

are met for workers to be motivated.” Hall et Al (2008).

The Human Relations School attack can besides be applied to state of affairss at Harris Paints Dominica Limited. For case, employees are allowed to plan promotional runs, generate thoughts for, and bring forth activities that are used at concern carnivals and trade exhibition every bit good as to stand for the company at these events. One such juncture is the National Independence Expo hosted by the Dominica Export Import Agency (DEXIA) during Dominica’s 30th Independence day of remembrance in October 2008. This generates involvement and motivates employees to stand for the company. Another would be employees are given chances to utilize their voices for sound and Television adverts and event to plan the inside of the company’s administrative office. By and large, if employees are allowed to give thoughts and to some extent participate in determination devising they feel more motivated even if there may non be a pecuniary wages. Unlike the “scientific management” attack concentrating on productiveness entirely, the Human Relations School besides focuses on societal dealingss in the organisation.

Using illustrations from your ain experience, or from an organisation of your pick, discourse how directors following these direction attacks would utilize power and authorization in order to pull off their staff.

Power in an organisation can intend a manner of pull offing others. Authority on the contrary, would be the ability to transport out a undertaking, and can be an illustration of power. There are four major beginnings of power that one can get. Power can be acquired through activity, personality or state of affairs.

Beginnings of power

• Legalize
• Expert
• Personal
• Political

Assorted types of power would

be used when following direction attacks. The “scientific management” attack would no doubt use the expert and legitimate beginnings of power. Legitimate power would be applied in such a manner that determinations would be passed on without audience. This is reflected in the “right way” thought, since there can be no changing of methods by employees, merely instructions to follow as delegated. Adept power is besides applicable to that state of affairs in the sense that it is based on specializer cognition. For illustration, the proficient director at Harris Paints is educated and trained in his peculiar field and he through tried and tested scientific expression instructs the production workers as to what they do, and how to travel about making it.

The Human Relations attack instead, can be associated with personal power. The Human Relations School attack takes into history the societal environment or workers and allows chance for determination; the personal power theory claims that the personal appeal of directors allows for edifice of personality cults, pulling employees to them. It would intend therefore that the usage of this beginning of power would prefer effectual communicating and positive interaction between directors and staff. Directors would be better able to pass on their involvement in employees work. As associating to the same illustration of the exhibition, employees may be willing to propose thoughts and voluntary to take part without even being asked, because of the bing environment between workers and directors.

Motivational Theories

Identify two different motive theories and depict how they could be observed in pattern. Include specific illustrations from an organisation, or organisations, with which you are familiar.

The assorted theories of motive purpose at either

explicating the specific factors actuating people or are concerned with the idea processes that influence behaviour.

Maslow’s hierarchy of demands is a motive theory aimed at explicating specific factors actuating people. His theory consists of two parts: the categorization of demands, and how these categories relate to each other. The hierarchy is generated as a pyramid, each degree picturing a category of demands.

Self-Actual-Isation

Esteem Needs

• recognition for occupations done e.g. one-year awards

Love & Beloving

• support from colleagues
• effective teamwork
• interaction & communicating

Safety Needs

• secure occupations
• work conditions are safe (safety equipment & dressing available)

Physiological Needs

• rewards plenty to run into measures, nutrient & other basic demands
• employees have good working conditions
• promotions at work
• new and disputing undertakings on occasion
• increase in authorization

The demands at the pyramid’s base are basic demands and must be satisfied before an employee can travel to the following degree, as each degree is dependent on the degree below. Once a degree is satisfies it becomes of less importance. For case, an employee would non be excessively concerned about being portion of the Harris Social Club if he can non supply repasts for himself. Self – realization is the really top degree, Maslow believed that though everyone may be capable, really few get to this degree. By and large in pattern, “there’s ever room for improvement”. If one therefore, is presently the state director, he may every bit good strive to go regional general director or even C.E.O. The chief issues with this in pattern at Harris Paints Dominica Limited is that some degrees don’t exist for certain persons – love and belonging, for illustration would non intend anything to the anti-social person

as he would non care to belong to a group or even those who merely prefer being entirely. Another would be make up one's minding when a degree has really been satisfied. It may be true that a individual has shelter, but he may be leasing and would really hold to have his ain place before he is really satisfied.

The Reinforcement theory is another motive theory. It seeks to analyse how persons become motivated and believes that wagess and penalties can be used to reenforce or modify behaviour. There are four types of support that can be applied to employment at Redi-Mix Concrete Ltd, a pre-mixed concrete provider in Dominica.

• Positive: this involves utilizing pleasant wagess to promote a coveted behaviour. Employees are paid one-year fillips, because they see to it that customers’ concrete demands are delivered at the coveted location at the customers’ clip bespeak even if it means traveling beyond normal on the job hours, sometimes much earlier than start of their work twenty-four hours or subsequently than twenty-four hours terminal.
• Negative: an effort to take a stimulation by providing an unpleasant stimulation that generates coveted behaviour. Employees are by and large given free dinner when working overtime past 7:00 autopsy. That hr could be shifted to 8:30pm so as to deter employees from lounging merely to run into the 7:00 autopsy timeline in order to bask dinner.
• Extinction: entire backdown of a effect associated with the behaviour in order to diminish it. Employees are no longer paid for ill yearss unless they present a medical certification. This will deter intentionally naming in sick and still acquiring paid for the twenty-four hours, as
  

employees would non truly desire to pass money traveling to the physician to obtain a certification if they’re non badly.

Identify an operational alteration that has taken topographic point in an organisation of your pick. Choose the leading manner which was (or would hold been) most appropriate in order to pull off and implement the alteration and explicate why.

Until late, there were five companies runing separately under the Harris Paints name in the Caribbean. The proprietors decided to do it a regional company with operating subdivisions in these islands alternatively. The alteration was implemented to derive competitory advantage across the part, for case in footings of transporting – the island nearest would transport to the distributer to salvage cargo costs, every bit good as to guarantee uninterrupted supply to distributers. In the event that their regular provider was unable to provide for some ground, a sister company would so be able to direct off that cargo and avoid any lost gross revenues. They would besides hold capitalized on nest eggs through majority purchases of natural stuffs and employees would bask equality throughout the board, in footings of wage and motion of labour between subdivisions. Though slightly independent, there are some procedures that must be done through its regional caput office.

The leading manner that was used to implement such a alteration was the bossy leading manner, one in which determinations

are made by top direction, or proprietors and in bend passed down through the organisation. It was the best method of implementing that alteration because audience with each company’s Board of Director’s and stockholders would finally hold led to confusion and delayed treatment procedure. Furthermore, the treatment would hold generated thoughts, but the concluding determination would still hold been in the custodies of the proprietors. It was hence; best to merely travel in front with the alteration.

Working with Others, Teamwork, Groups and Group Kinetics

What do you understand to be the difference between squads and groups within an administration? How does the function of squads differ in big and little organisations?

The difference between squads and groups in organisations is that, a squad is normally a group with members who possess complementary accomplishments put together for a intent. Teams are specifically necessary to carry on complex undertakings and may hold independent subtasks. Through co-ordinated attempt, squads allow members to maximise their strengths and minimise their failings. A group, in contrast, can be termed a figure of individuals considered together sharing some relation, more specifically ends, or a common intent. See the undermentioned illustrations: Team – employees in an histories section fixing budgets for the following fiscal twelvemonth with a specific deadline. These same employees could run into and discourse day-to-day intelligence events during the lunch clip hr; that doing them a group. By and big, both squads and groups have common intent; a squad is normally set to accomplish a undertaking whilst groups are committed to common intent, similar working attack. A squad comprises a group but a group does non needfully represent a squad.

Team functions differ

in big and little organisations. The squad construction may specify the full organisation in a little concern. This is extremely possible as there are few employees and all attempts may be needed to accomplish the set undertaking. Large organisations like Harris Paints, pigment makers, are composed of departmental squads each ego managed; squad leaders in each store/ mill are besides in turn portion of a regional squad. Undertakings may be allocated to squads with squad leaders describing to a chief squad for determination devising.

Use the Tuckman and Jensen squad development theoretical account to your function in an administration.

“Groups do non come into being to the full formed. B. Tuckman and N. Jensen (1977) suggested that groups pass through phases of development” Hall et Al (2008)

The followers shows phase development for the Harris Social Club at Harris Paints harmonizing to Tuckman and Jensen:

• Forming – employees suggest the thought of a societal nine; word is passed around, individuals demonstrate involvement in prosecuting the enterprise. Ideas are generated as to what the nine will be like.
• Ramping – employees run into and uncover personal ends and group ends and seek to make an understanding on what will be the club’s aims and scheme. Conflict and dissension is experienced as people’s ends are different.
• Norming – An executive commission is voted in and regulations standard regulations are established. Ideas are continue to be shared by members, and concluding determination is processed by the executives. Information is so passed on to other nine members through an appropriate medium.
• Performing – The group is eventually formed, an executive, regulations etc. are in topographic point. Club members now work to accomplish
  

its aims. Members know their functions and live up to them. Activities autumn in topographic point.

Communication takes topographic point in assorted ways among organisations: Bavelas (1948) and Leavitt (1951) identified four chief types of communicating web, which are illustrated below.

Types of Communicating Webs

Large multi-national organisations can be considered by and large centralized groups – intending its members or employees portion really small in the determination devising of the full organisation. Nevertheless, within subdivisions and shops employees may be able to partake in determination devising; these smaller groups are decentralized. The centralised groups follow the wheel and concatenation methods of communicating as shown above. Decision doing is extremely effectual, peculiarly if undertakings are simple, for case “deciding on the enlisting policy for a peculiar occupation, centralized groups like the wheel are faster and do fewer errors” Hall et Al (2008). Members nevertheless are more likely to hold lower satisfaction degrees. When undertakings are more complicated, like “putting into pattern a enlisting policy for a peculiar occupation, decentralized groups may be more suitable.” Hall et Al (2008). These decentralized groups usually use the circle and web methods. These methods portion duty and nevertheless may non be a genuinely effectual mechanism as they don’t guarantee that determinations are ever made.

Mentions

1. Hall D, Jones R, Raffo C, Aderton A (2008) 4th Edition Gray D, Chambers I. Business Studies. Pearson Education, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow Essex CM202JE. Chapter 59 pg.335, 337 & Chapter 72 pg.416, 417
2. Bavelas, A., (1948). A Mathematical Model of Group Structure. Applied Anthropology, Volume 7.
3. Business instructor (2009) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessteacher.org.uk/people-in-business/organisational-structures/ [ Accessed on June2009 ]