Elements of Physical Geography Exam 3 – Flashcards
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Landforms (definition)
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a surface expression of Earth's geology
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Crust
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the top layer of the Earth where all organisms live, it composes less than one percent of all Earth's mass, about 5-25 miles deep
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Mantle
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the molten middle layer of the Earth, about 1800 miles deep
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Core
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the source of the heat that drives the churning of the Earth, about 2100 miles below the Earth's surface
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Asthenosphere
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the layer below the lithosphere that is plastic and provides cushion for the churning motion of the lithosphere
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Lithosphere
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the region of the Earth made of hard and brittle rock, it composes the crust and upper mantle
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Lithospheric Plates
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approximately 12 major plates that make up the Earth's surface
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Types of Lithospheric Plate Boundaries
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divergent, convergent, and transform
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Classification of Lithospheric Plate Boundaries
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based upon the movement of the plates at the boundaries
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Types of Tectonic Stresses
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tension, compression, and shear
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Types of Tectonic Activities
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Diastrophisism and Volcanism
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Diastrophism
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deformation of the Earth's crust caused by the movement of the lithospheric plates
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Types of Diastrophism
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Folding and Faulting
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Folding
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caused by the compression of convergent plates
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Faulting
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fracturing of rock by the motion of lithospheric plates where the rock across the fractures have discontinuity
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earthquakes
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the result of faulting, occurs when the plasticity of the rocks is exceeded, which causes a release of energy
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dip-slip faulting
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this is formed where is tension
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types of dip-slip faulting
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normal dip-slip and reverse dip slip
