question

Alcohol is defined as a drug because of its:

answer

) psychoactive properties

question

2. The statistical relationship between the use of alcohol and the use of illicit drugs is: a) positive b) negative c) random d) unknown e) none of the above

answer

a) positive

question

Humans first discovered the fermentation, and soon after, the taste and effects, of alcohol in:

answer

the Stone Age, over 10,000 years ago

question

Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is:

answer

) 100 percent "absolute" alcohol

question

5. Which of the following has the highest concentration of "absolute" alcohol?

answer

e) distilled spirits (such as gin, vodka, Tequila, or Scotch)

question

6. "Apparent" alcohol consumption is based on:

answer

c) Alcohol sales during a given year

question

12. In the past 30 years or so, the number of automobile alcohol-related fatalities:

answer

b) has decreased

question

16. The relationship between smoking and premature mortality is:

answer

a) positive—the greater a person smokes, the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely.

question

18. The tobacco plant is indigenous to which of the following continents or regions:

answer

The Western Hemisphere

question

19. The relationship between smoking cigarettes and the use of illicit drugs is:

answer

unknown

question

20. Between 1963 and today, the per capita consumption of cigarettes in the U.S. population (age 18 and older):

answer

b) has decreased

question

Shen Nung:

answer

c) was a mythological figure who was neither an actual Chinese emperor nor did he write a pharmaceutical treatise which included marijuana as a curative herb.

question

4. Which of the following categories have no writers on drug use included marijuana as:

answer

a) hallucinogen b) sedative c) narcotic d) stimulant *e) Some writers have included marijuana as belonging in each of these categories.

question

6. The discussion in this chapter summarizing a study on the administration of marijuana to airline pilots, followed by submitting them to coordination tests 1, 4, 10, and 24 hours after the administration of marijuana found that the deteriorating effects of the drug completely

answer

a) 1 hour b) 4 hours c) 10 hours d) 24 hours *e) none of the above; the effects of the administration of the marijuana continued to deteriorate the pilots' coordination, even after 24 hours

question

7. Currently, the type of damaging effect that critics of marijuana use are most concerned about center on the drug's potential for:

answer

d) chronic effects

question

8. The one harmful chronic effect that nearly all researchers agree is a possible long-term effect of moderate-to-heavy marijuana use is:

answer

Lung damage

question

9. The social characteristic that correlates most strongly with the use of marijuana is:

answer

age

question

10. Which of the following drugs does Drugs in American Society not include in the category of hallucinogenic/psychedelic drugs?

answer

PCP

question

11. Which of the following is not considered one of the common effects of the hallucinogenic or psychedelic drugs?

answer

psychotic episodes

question

12. Research has demonstrated that the use of LSD commonly causes:

answer

sensory overload

question

13. Which of the following is not among the group that is discussed here as a "club drug"?

answer

PCP

question

14. Between the 1990s and the year 2000, the use of the club drugs:

answer

increased

question

15. After 2000, the rate of use of the club drugs:

answer

decreased

question

16. Psychopharmacologists classify ketamine as a:

answer

c) disassociative anesthetic

question

17. Psychopharmacologists classify Ecstasy (MDMA) in terms of its effects as a:

answer

none of the above

question

18. The use of club drugs is:

answer

e) none of the above

question

19. The evidence indicating that the human use of MDMA (Ecstasy) damages:

answer

) any organ of the body is inconclusive.

question

20. Which of the following explanations for the "progression" of users from the use of marijuana to the use of more dangerous drugs focuses on properties inherent within the drug that cause this phenomenon? The

answer

d) pharmacological school

question

1. The drugs and drug types that are discussed in this chapter are included together because:

answer

e) they tend to be used recreationally by more-or-less middle class persons

question

2. The "era" during which marijuana's psychoactive effects were discovered and when it began to be used is:

answer

unknown

question

1. From the early 1970s to today, the number of prescriptions written for the amphetamines has

answer

decreased

question

2. For which of the following uses do many physicians today most frequently write legitimate prescriptions?

answer

narcolepsy

question

3. Evidence from ADAM indicates that the use of methamphetamine:

answer

b) is largely regionalized to the West coast.

question

During the past decade or so, the use of methamphetamine has:

answer

c) remained stable

question

DAWN's statistics indicate that with respect to emergency department (ED) and medical examiners reports (ME), methamphetamine:

answer

e) none of the above

question

Cocaine is a:

answer

Schedule II drug

question

The origin of Cocaine is the

answer

South American coca plant

question

8. Between the 1960s and the late 1970s, the use of cocaine:

answer

a) increased

question

9. Between the late 1970s and today, the use of cocaine by the young adult (ages 18-25) sector of the population:

answer

has decreased

question

10. Between the 1980s and today, the use of cocaine by high school seniors:

answer

decreased

question

11. "Punding" is a common effect of taking amphetamines chronically and abusively. What is punding?

answer

) engaging in a specific activity compulsively and repetitively, over and over again

question

Another term for "ice" is:

answer

c) methamphetamine

question

13. Since the 1980s, the use of crack cocaine has:

answer

increased

question

14. Virtually all of the cocaine consumed in the world comes from plants grown in:

answer

d) Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru

question

Which of the following routes of administration is more likely to lead to heavier, more frequent, and more compulsive and abusive use of cocaine?

answer

e) smoking

question

16. The high or intoxication resulting from smoking crack cocaine is:

answer

b) shorter and more intense than from snorting powder cocaine.

question

17. Compare expert opinion on the dangerousness of cocaine use over the past generation, or the past 30 years or so.

answer

a) In the past, experts tended to underplay the dangerousness of cocaine use; today, they tend to exaggerate it.

question

20. How frequently does cocaine appear among DAWN's ED and ME reports? Cocaine:

answer

e) appears among the top two or three drugs in DAWN's ED and ME reports.

question

19. Which route of administration brings on a cocaine "rush" the fastest?

answer

smoking

question

18. Is cocaine addicting?

answer

b) If "addicting" means behavioral dependence—complete with continuing to use and abuse of the drug in spite of losing money, job, spouse, relationships, then yes, cocaine is addicting.

question

Which of the following is not a narcotic drug (all m's)? a) morphine b) meperidine c) methadone d) methaqualone

answer

d) methaqualone

question

Which of the following is not a narcotic drug: (a) oxycodone b) opium c) codeine d) fentanyl e) All are narcotic drugs.

answer

e) All are narcotic drugs.

question

Which of the following painkillers or analgesics are not narcotics?

answer

c) ibuprophen

question

Together, the OTC painkillers aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and ibuprofen cause:

answer

b) tens of thousands of DAWN ED episodes.

question

Which of the following effects is not an effect of the relevant or appropriate dose or doses of narcotic drugs? a) analgesia b) euphoria c) mental clouding d) addiction—a physical dependence e) all are effects of the narcotics, given the relevant dose or doses

answer

e) all are effects of the narcotics, given the relevant dose or doses

question

Compared with most of the other drugs, the margin between the ED and LD for narcotics is:

answer

b) narrow

question

7. Of the following, which drug was used by the lowest percent of the population during a recent past year?

answer

e) the narcotics other than heroin

question

8. On a dose-by-dose basis, which of the following drugs is most likely to cause death by overdose and hence, appear in DAWN's ME figures?

answer

e) heroin

question

9. Which of the following is used by a greater number of people—heroin versus all of the other narcotics added together?

answer

b) all the other narcotics added together

question

10. Currently, the "drug of choice" among arrestees in the ADAM program (that is, the one that the highest number and percentage that both said that they had used and tested positive for) is:

answer

d) marijuana

question

11. From interviews of arrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1953, the percentage who said that they had used heroin has:

answer

b) decreased

question

12. From interviews of arrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1970, the percentage who said that they had used crack cocaine has:

answer

b) decreased

question

13. According to DAWN, currently, the drug that causes the greatest number of death by overdose, in absolute numbers, is:

answer

d) opiates

question

14. Between the early 2000s and 2008, the tonnage of the supply of heroin available in Mexico:

answer

a) increased

question

15. Currently, the majority of the heroin sold on the street in the U.S. had its origin in:

answer

d) Latin America

question

16. Currently, most of the world's production of opium is grown in:

answer

b) Afghanistan

question

17. According to MTF, most high school seniors believe that the regular use of heroin is:

answer

d) harmful

question

18. In the 1990s, several media sources reported that a new heroin "epidemic" had gripped the United States. Toward the end of the first decade of the 2000s, that "epidemic" had:

answer

b) subsided

question

19. "Soporific" refers to the capacity to:

answer

c) induce drowsiness and sleepiness

question

20. A study compared "controlled" opiate users with narcotic addicts and found that the former differed from the latter in:

answer

d) frequency of use—that is, less than once a day versus more than once a day

question

1. About what proportion of prescription drugs are psychoactive?

answer

b) a minority, though a substantial minority—roughly one out of five, or 20 percent

question

2. Sedative-hypnotic drugs include:

answer

d) barbiturates

question

3. Some drugs work mainly on the mind (the so-called "mind" drugs) while others work mainly on the body ("body" drugs. Which of the following is mainly a "body" drug:

answer

e) Lipitor, a lipid regulator

question

4. Which of the following prescription drugs combats dysphoria?

answer

c) antidepressants

question

5. Which of the following is made up of the highest-grossing category of pharmaceutical drugs: a) proton pump inhibitors, which reduce gastric acid—used for heartburn b) narcotics c) antidepressants d) lipid regulators—anti-cholesterol agents e) antipsychotics

answer

e) antipsychotics

question

6. Which of the following drugs or drug categories of prescription drugs is rarely if ever used as a recreational drug? a) sedative-hypnotics b) narcotics c) barbiturates d) sleep agents e) All of the above are at least moderately popular as recreational drugs.

answer

d) sleep agents

question

7. Which of the following category of once-popular prescription drugs has no representatives in the top 200 or best-selling pharmaceuticals? a) narcotics b) sedative-hypnotic-tranquilizers c) antipsychotics d) sedative-hypnotics e) fast-acting barbiturates

answer

e) fast-acting barbiturates

question

8. Which of the following category of prescription drugs is most like alcohol in its effects?

answer

c) barbiturates, such as Seconal

question

9) If it were a prescription drug, which of the following categories would alcohol fall into? a) antipsychotics b) narcotics c) antidepressants d) sedative-hypnotic-tranquilizers e) none of the above

answer

d) sedative-hypnotic-tranquilizers

question

10. Which of the following drugs or drug categories is no longer prescribed at all? a) antidepressants b) sleep aids c) benzodiazepines d) methaqualone e) All of the above are currently prescribed.

answer

d) methaqualone

question

11. Between 1955 and today, the number of patients in mental hospitals: a) increased b) decreased c) remained stable d) fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year e) remains unknown

answer

b) decreased

question

12. The change that took place in Question 11 was due to: a) a mentally healthier population in the U.S. b) a mentally less healthy population in the U.S. c) an increase in the administration of anti-psychotic drugs d) a decrease in the administration of anti-psychotic drugs e) none of the above

answer

c) an increase in the administration of anti-psychotic drugs

question

13. Which of the following prescription drugs or drug types very rarely result in a lethal overdose, that is, are not on DAWN's list of top five ME drugs? a) benzodiazepines b) opiates or narcotics c) antidepressants d) antipsychotics e) All of the above are in DAWN's list of top five ME drugs.

answer

e) All of the above are in DAWN's list of top five ME drugs.

question

14. Which of the following pharmaceutical drugs or drug types are frequently prescribed for mood disorders? a) stimulants b) sedative-hypnotics c) antidepressants d) anti-psychotics e) narcotics

answer

c) antidepressants

question

15. Which of the following pharmaceutical drugs or drug types are frequently prescribed for thought disorders? a) stimulants b) sedative-hypnotics c) antidepressants d) anti-psychotics e) narcotics

answer

d) anti-psychotics

question

16. Which of the following prescription drugs or drug types is synergistic with alcohol? a) anti-psychotics b) antidepressants c) barbiturates d) narcotics e) none of the above

answer

c) barbiturates

question

17. Which of the following is both a sedative-hypnotic prescription drug or drug type and a popular recreational drug? a) Ambien b) Thorazine c) hydrocodone d) Rohypnol e) Zoloft

answer

c) hydrocodone

question

18. Between 1969 and 1982, Valium was the nation's best-selling prescription drug. Since then, the number of prescriptions for Valium has declined sharply. This decline is due to the fact that: a) Valium causes physical dependence b) Valium causes death by overdose c) Valium causes untoward reactions that lead to tens of thousands of visits to an emergency room d) Valium is synergistic with Ambien e) Valium's manufacturer, Hoffman-LaRoche, lost its trade patent and now other manufacturers are selling Valium's generic form, which remains popular

answer

e) Valium's manufacturer, Hoffman-LaRoche, lost its trade patent and now other manufacturers are selling Valium's generic form, which remains popular

question

19. Another term for sedative-hypnotic-tranquilizers is: a) narcotics b) antidepressants c) general depressants d) anti-psychotics e) stimulants

answer

c) general depressants

question

20. Which of the following prescription drugs does not produce a high, intoxication, or euphoric state? a) narcotics b) sedative-hypnotics c) anti-psychotics d) barbiturates e) All of the above produce a euphoric state.

answer

c) anti-psychotics

question

1. In the past several decades: a) both the crime rate and the number of persons incarcerated in prison have increased. b) the crime rate has increased, but the number of persons incarcerated in prison has decreased. c) the crime rate has decreased, but the number of persons incarcerated in prison has increased. d) both the crime rate and the number of persons incarcerated in prison have decreased. e) none of the above

answer

c) the crime rate has decreased, but the number of persons incarcerated in prison has increased.

question

2. The current federal law that penalizes drug possession and sale is referred to as the: a) Harrison Act b) Marihuana Tax Act c) Drug Control Act (or Controlled Substances Act) d) Punitive Drug Strike Law e) The Richard Milhous Nixon Anti-Drug Law

answer

c) Drug Control Act (or Controlled Substances Act)

question

3. Prescription drugs are: a) not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act. b) all classified as Schedule I Drugs. c) all classified as Schedule II drugs. d) all classified as Schedule II-V drugs. e) none of the above

answer

e) none of the above

question

3. Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs are: a) not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act b) all classified as Schedule I drugs. c) all classified as Schedule II drugs. d) all classified as Schedule II-V drugs. e) none of the above

answer

a) not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act

question

4. Alcohol is: a) not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act. b) classified as a Schedule I drug. c) classified as a Schedule II drug. d) classified as a Schedule III drug e) none of the above

answer

a) not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act.

question

5. The era of minimum tolerance for, and maximum enforcement against, the use, possession, and sale of illicit drugs began with the administration of: a) Richard Nixon b) Ronald Reagan c) Bill Clinton d) George W. Bush e) Barak Obama

answer

b) Ronald Reagan

question

6. Approximately what percentage of the federal prison population is made up of drug offenders? a) none—drug possession and sale are not federal offenses b) a minority, though a substantial minority—about 25 percent c) about half (roughly 50-55%) d) a substantial majority—about 75 percent e) all of them (100%)

answer

c) about half (roughly 50-55%)

question

7. In Drug War Heresies, drug experts Robert MacCoun and Peter Reuter argue that it is "plausible" that decreasing drug penalties will: a) substantially increase illicit drug use b) substantially decrease illicit drug use c) not substantially increase use d) have an unknown impact on drug use e) none of the above

answer

c) not substantially increase use

question

8. MacCoun and Reuter also argue that legalization "might": a) substantially increase illicit drug use b) substantially decrease illicit drug use c) not substantially increase drug use d) have an unknown impact on drug use e) none of the above

answer

a) substantially increase illicit drug use

question

9. MacCoun and Reuter calculate that for which of the following substances is the "elasticity index" the greatest—that is, there is the greatest decrease in purchases, given a one percent increase in price? a) heroin b) cigarettes c) marijuana d) MacCoun and Reuter argue that calculating an elasticity index is impossible because such an outcome as drug purchases, given price, cannot be known. e) none of the above

answer

c) marijuana

question

10. Under federal law, marijuana: a) may be used, by prescription, for medicinal purposes. b) is a Schedule I drug and may not be used for any purposes whatsoever (except extremely rarely granted experimental purposes) c) is decriminalized d) is legalized e) none of the above

answer

b) is a Schedule I drug and may not be used for any purposes whatsoever (except extremely rarely granted experimental purposes)

question

11. Which of the following is an example of the maintenance model of drug control? a) prescribing Ambien as a sleep aid b) prescribing morphine for occasional severe back pain c) administering methadone for narcotic addiction d) prescribing Zoloft for depression e) none of the above

answer

c) administering methadone for narcotic addiction

question

12. Methadone is: a) a stimulant that is used to treat methamphetamine abusers. b) a barbiturate that is used to treat alcoholism. c) safe, non-addicting, and without euphoric effect at any dosage. d) a narcotic that is used to treat narcotic addiction. e) none of the above

answer

d) a narcotic that is used to treat narcotic addiction.

question

13. Evaluations of drug treatment programs have demonstrated a failure rate of: a) zero percent—all programs are 100 percent effective b) roughly 10-20 percent c) roughly 50 percent d) roughly 70-90 percent e) 100 percent—no program successfully treats any of its patients

answer

d) roughly 70-90 percent

question

14. Drug courts: a) sentence drug offenders to the maximum possible mandatory prison terms. b) are criminal courts that are instituted to penalize drug dealers. c) divert drug offenders into treatment programs. d) were set up to serve an unknown function. e) none of the above

answer

c) divert drug offenders into treatment programs.

question

15. The TOPS and DATOS evaluation studies found that: a) the failure of treatment programs is virtually universal. b) for most patients, treatment programs worked. c) treatment success was virtually 100 percent. d) the longer the patient stayed in treatment or therapy, the greater the likelihood that it worked. e) none of the above

answer

d) the longer the patient stayed in treatment or therapy, the greater the likelihood that it worked.

question

1. The dominant current approach to the control of illicit recreational drugs in the U.S. is: a) depenalization b) legalization c) prescription d) prohibition e) none of the above

answer

d) prohibition

question

2. The Iron Law of Prohibition states that the stricter and more intense the enforcement of the laws against recreational drug use, the: a) more popular a given prohibited drug will become. b) less popular a given prohibited drug will become. c) more potent the prohibited substance will become. d) less potent the prohibited substance will become. e) none of the above

answer

c) more potent the prohibited substance will become

question

3. The drug control policy that prevails in the Netherlands and Switzerland is: a) full legalization b) full decriminalization c) harm reduction d) a full prohibitionist and punitive policy e) none of the above

answer

c) harm reduction

question

4. Several states have made the possession of small quantities of marijuana a civil infraction, similar to a parking ticket. This policy is referred to as: a) legalization b) maintenance c) full decriminalization d) partial decriminalization e) none of the above

answer

d) partial decriminalization

question

5. A needle exchange program, which operates in some countries of Europe and some cities in the United Kingdom, is an example of which of the following policies: a) harm reduction b) legalization c) decriminalization d) maintenance e) none of the above

answer

a) harm reduction

question

6. Harm reduction is a: a) moralistic drug program. b) idealistic drug program. c) program of full and complete drug decriminalization. d) program of full and complete drug legalization. e) pragmatic or consequentialist in its intent.

answer

e) pragmatic or consequentialist in its intent.

question

7. A policy of harm reduction is a: a) moralistically-driven proposal. b) ideologically-driven proposal. c) program of full and complete legalization. d) program of full and complete decriminalization. e) a pragmatically-driven proposal.

answer

e) a pragmatically-driven proposal.

question

8. According to Drugs in American Society, criminalizing illicit drugs increases the "hassle factor," which: a) is harmful to addicts and abusers and to society as a whole; all drugs should be depenalized. b) keeps drugs hard to get, expensive, and increases the likelihood of arrest, and hence, decreases the rate of use of those drugs that are criminalized. c) argues that some drugs should be legalized while others should be kept criminalized. d) is a major factor in keeping the poor in poverty. e) none of the above

answer

b) keeps drugs hard to get, expensive, and increases the likelihood of arrest, and hence, decreases the rate of use of those drugs that are criminalized.

question

9. A major plank in the legalizer's platform is that drug use/abuse: a) will not rise significantly under legalization. b) will rise significantly under legalization, but it will be worth it. c) will actually decline under legalization. d) could rise significantly, decline significantly, or remain stable, under legalization; no one knows, but let's legalize anyway and "let the chips fall where they may." e) none of the above

answer

a) will not rise significantly under legalization.

question

10. Drug legalization: a) represents a single proposal: remove all criminal penalties on the possession and distribution of all currently illegal drugs. b) is likely to be instituted for all the currently illicit drugs within the present decade. c) is the drug policy that prevails in all countries of Europe. d) is not, according to Drugs in American Society, a serious proposal; it has no hope of implementation at any time in the foreseeable future. e) none of the above

answer

d) is not, according to Drugs in American Society, a serious proposal; it has no hope of implementation at any time in the foreseeable future.

question

11. According to Drugs in American Society, the "doomsayers" who argue that, in all likelihood, the worst case scenario—a huge increase in harmful drug abuse—will come about under drug legalization are: a) right b) wrong c) could be right or wrong—who knows? d) are optimists—the outcome will be even worse than the "doomsayers" predict e) none of the above

answer

wrong

question

12. Legalizers believe that: a) the demand for drugs is variable and elastic. b) the currently illegal drugs are much more harmful than the legal drugs are. c) criminalization deters use. d) prohibition encourages the distribution and use of weaker, less dangerous drugs. e) an illicit drug market tends to sell contaminated and dangerous drugs; legalization would enforce controls on purity and potency.

answer

e) an illicit drug market tends to sell contaminated and dangerous drugs; legalization would enforce controls on purity and potency.

question

13. A defense of the punitive policy toward drug possession and sale is that criminalizing drugs: a) keeps the level of drug use and abuse lower than what it would be under legalization. b) can wipe out drug use and abuse entirely. c) forces dealers to sell safe, pure drugs because that is what users demand. d) keeps the price of illicit drugs low. e) none of the above

answer

a) keeps the level of drug use and abuse lower than what it would be under legalization.

question

14. Most of what drug legalizers have written has focused on: a) detailing the particulars of a viable and workable drug legalization program. b) explaining how drug legalization can usher in the socialist revolution. c) detailing existing alternate legalization programs, such as those that have been instituted in West Europe. d) criticizing the flaws of current punitive policy. e) none of the above

answer

d) criticizing the flaws of current punitive policy.

question

15. The majority of drug legalizers believe and argue that: a) the currently illicit drugs should be available to everyone, including minors. b) cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine should be sold under laws that are even less restrictive than those that currently prevail for alcohol and tobacco. c) there should be no laws governing driving while intoxicated on heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine. d) advertising for heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine should be legal, uncontrolled, and completely legal. e) none of the above

answer

e) none of the above

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