Drug Abuse – College Essay Example

in distortions of reality and acute hallucinations. Hallucinogens also impact a person's perception of taste, smell, hearing, touch, and vision. Immediate effects include anxiety, tremors, and panic.

In 1938, Albert Hoffman first synthesized Lysergic Acid Diathylamide (LSD). Although initial tests on animals did not show any psychedelic disturbances observed it was put aside until Hoffman accidentally ingested it in 1943.

Hoffman described experiencing a peculiar cessation of vertigo and restlessness after taking LSD. Objects around him appeared to undergo optical changes and his colleagues' appearances seemed altered as well. When he closed his eyes, vivid pictures with intense colors and remarkable plasticity rushed towards him. Further tests revealed that the substance induced fear and disorganization while causing a loss of time perception and a belief of having died (Julien 179).

The use of LSD has been believed to enhance artistic works and expand the mind through psychedelic experiences. Many artists, actors, and film producers have attributed their creative enhancement to LSD. In the 1960s, numerous music entertainers insisted on performing only while under the influence of LSD. A study conducted with four artists who were given LSD showed that their drawings became more free and imaginative, with an increased aesthetic value (Barber, 53). However, while creativity may be enhanced, problem-solving abilities significantly deteriorate.

LSD typically comes in liquid form and can be applied to various substances. It is commonly ingested on a small piece of paper or sugar cube. The drug's potency is extremely high; several doses can fit on the head of a pin. Although there have been no reported direct deaths from overdosing on LSD, fatal accidents and suicides

have occurred while under its influence.

The cost for a single dose ranges from five to ten dollars, and its effects can last from seven to twelve hours. Comparatively speaking about intoxication duration versus prices of other drugs; LSD is considered the most affordable option.

Mescaline, also known as peyote, is a hallucinogenic substance similar to LSD. It originates from the peyote plant, a spineless cactus commonly found in the western United States and Mexico. The plant consists of a dried out crown or button that forms a brown disc. Ingesting mescaline orally is necessary to experience its psychedelic effects. Limited permission has been granted by the government to certain Native American churches in the north to use peyote for religious purposes. The effects of consuming one dose of mescaline typically last around twelve hours and usually take thirty to ninety minutes to take effect. Similar to how other churches consider bread and wine sacramental, the Native American Church regards peyote as sacred.

The Native American Church responsibly uses peyote for religious purposes and is protected by the Supreme Court to freely practice their religion without interference from the federal government. They are allowed to continue incorporating mescaline in their religious ceremonies. Psilocybin, similar to LSD and mescaline, can be found in at least 15 species of mushrooms along with its closely related compound, psilocin. These mushrooms are less potent than LSD by a factor of 200 and can be consumed in varying quantities depending on the specific type, ranging from five to forty. It is important to be cautious when distinguishing between psychedelic mushrooms and poisonous ones as they can easily

be mistaken. Under the influence of psychedelic mushrooms, individuals experience a distortion of time and space similar to LSD but with a shorter duration of two to four hours compared to ten to twelve hours on LSD.

Marijuana, a versatile plant that can thrive in various environments, is classified as a hallucinogen. Unlike other substances in this category, it does not lead to tolerance or withdrawal symptoms. Nevertheless, it does have negative effects such as apathy, dullness, lethargy, and impaired judgment. Additionally, marijuana elevates heart rate and weakens contractions of the heart muscle which restricts the supply of oxygen. Although its impact on sperm formation, menstrual cycles, and reproductive functions is not fully understood yet, there have been reports about these effects. Opiates are highly addictive analgesics that can be derived from natural or synthetic sources with similar properties to morphine and codeine found in the opium poppy. These medications are commonly used for pain relief as well as treating diarrhea and coughing. In an effort to avoid addiction issues associated with their propensity for dependence, attempts have been made to develop synthesized drugs like morphine.

Codeine and morphine have psychological effects that include feeling euphoria and well-being. These pleasurable sensations make opiates highly addictive and prone to abuse (Abel, 193). Usually, doctors prescribe these medications in pill form. However, on the streets, they can be found in various forms such as smoked, inhaled through the nose, or injected directly into a vein. Many drug abusers prefer direct injection due to its quick onset of effects. It is important not to overlook alcohol, a legal depressant that is also a drug. Over years

of abuse, many individuals struggle to perform their normal daily functions as they did before.

Alcohol abuse can have severe consequences, including the development of a high tolerance and experiencing withdrawal symptoms such as trembling, seizures, hallucinations, delirium, and even death (Leavitt, 139). Those who abuse alcohol often engage in harmful behaviors like smoking. However, it's important to note that alcohol can actually help regulate appetite when emotional factors hinder or cause excessive eating. The psychological effects of alcohol are similar to illicit drugs; it can induce relaxation and euphoria in certain situations while also leading to violence and withdrawal in others. As dependence on alcohol increases, the mental state and surroundings become less influential as sedation takes over and behavioral activity decreases. Additionally, dependency on alcohol can lead to vitamin deficiency and nutritional diseases due to inadequate nutrient intake. It's crucial to acknowledge that the mentioned drugs are frequently abused, resulting in a large number of individuals requiring rehabilitation programs.

Alcohol Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and different inpatient and outpatient programs in hospitals have established a good reputation. It is challenging to differentiate between drug abuse and religious or moderate use as it mostly depends on the individual's perception of their relationship with the drug/drugs. Additionally, legality plays a role in this dilemma, further complicating the matter. The most effective method for prevention appears to be educating future generations to prevent the potential pain that comes with personal experiences.

Abel, Ernest. Drugs and Behavior. Wiley-Interscience Publication: New York, NY 1974.
Barber, Theodore. LSD, Marijuana, Yoga, and Hypnosis. Aldine Publishing Company: Chicago, Illinois, 1970.
Julien, Robert M.D. A Primer of Drug Interaction. W.H. Freeman and

Company: New York, NY, 1988.
Leavitt, Fred. Drugs and Behavior. Sage Publications Inc.: Thousand Oaks, California, 1995.