Dev Psych ch 13 – Flashcards
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_____ control is the ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination.
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Effortful
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Ideally, _____ comparison with peers helps school-age children value themselves and abandon the imaginary, rosy self-evaluation of preschoolers.
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social
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As part of a study, adults were required to pray for a specific person for several weeks. After several weeks, the adults' attitude about that person changed. Based on this study, prayer may foster:
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resilience
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Being _____ and not prideful is an expectation in many cultures.
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modest
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Between ages 6 and 11, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to do all of the
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demonstrate abstract reasoning
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_____ is when a child acts like a parent and tries to take care of others, including their actual parents.
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Parentification
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Identify the typical child in Erikson's fourth stage, the crisis of industry versus inferiority.
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Marisol, who can't wait to begin her first karate class
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_____ is the capacity to develop optimally by adapting positively to significant adversity.
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resilience
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During middle school, a child's self-concept:
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is no longer tied to his or her parents' perspective.
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According to Erikson, if an 8-year-old boy does not solve his psychosocial _____ of stage four, he will come to view himself as _____.
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conflict; inferior
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In 2010, dominant ideas about challenges and coping in children were that strengths vary by culture and national values. Both universal ethics and local variations must be recognized and _____.
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respected
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Tate, who is 8 years old, worries every day because his parents argue and fight. This repeated stress makes _____ difficult for Tate.
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resilience
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The way in which a family works to meet the needs of its members is referred to as:
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family function
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People who are rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior are referred to as:
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aggressive-rejected.
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Family structure refers to:
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legal and genetic relationships of family members.
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A crucial factor necessary for school-age children to thrive is harmony and _____ in the home.
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stability
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Low _____ and high conflict are two factors that interfere with family function in every structure, ethnic group, and nation.
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income
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The rarest family structure is:
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polygamous.
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Ralph, who was divorced with three kids, just married Marla, who has two kids. The term used to describe their new family is _____.
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blended
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According to the text, single parenthood is more common and more accepted among:
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african americans
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Schools and _____ are the two main factors that really influence what, and how much, children learn.
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cultures
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According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are:
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low income and high conflict.
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According to your text, families who are very wealthy raise children with high rates of emotional problems. This is thought to be, in part, because:
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the parents pressure the children to excel.
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The crucial factor in determining what stage of moral reasoning a person is at is the reasons for his or her answers to questions about a moral dilemma, according to _____.
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Kohlberg
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According to the text, a common _____ that is important to 6- to 11-year-olds is they do not tell adults what is happening in their lives.
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value
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Priscilla, like most of us, would like to obtain rewards and avoid punishments. Kohlberg would consider this to be the goal of _____ moral reasoning.
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preconventional
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Kohlberg's findings indicate that _____ reasoning is not usually present until adolescence or adulthood.
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postconventional
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Keith, a 9-year-old child, is most likely to seek punishment rather than to repair damage immediately after an initial _____ response.
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punitive
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Caring for family members is much more important to people in some cultures than in others, which might make them avoid postconventional actions even as they are acting according to the highest morals of their society. This is an example of the criticism directed at _____ for not taking cultural or gender differences into account.
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Kohlberg
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Three _____ values among 6- to 11-year-olds are to protect your friends, don't tell adults what is happening, and don't be too different from your peers
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common
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Postconventional moral reasoning focuses on _____ principles.
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moral
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A negative aspect of _____ approach is that he did not seem to recognize that although children's moral values differ from those of adults, they may be equally valid and strong.
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Kohlberg's
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The type of moral reasoning that focuses on social rules is called:
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conventional
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Kohlberg failed to study moral reasoning in _____ when he conducted his research on children's development of moral reasoning.
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girls
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Justin takes towels from his hotel rooms when on vacation and feels it's okay, but not okay to go over the speed limit when driving. Kohlberg would place Justin's moral reasoning at the _____ contract stage because he thinks that it is morally okay to break the law in some circumstances.
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social
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Kohlberg would expect a child whose thought processes are _____ to display moral reasoning with a punishment and obedience orientation.
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egocentric
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Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning emphasizes:
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social rules
