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Coms 100 Final – Flashcards

Q: Which of the following is one of the four major causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook?

Focusing on a speaker\'s appearance or delivery

Q: How does the following excerpt from a classroom speech violate the guidelines for the use of statistics presented in your textbook? I read that each year, for every 100,000 students living in college dormitories, there are 4 cases of bacterial meningitis.

It doesn\'t state a qualified source for the statistics

Christine Brunetti

7 July 2022

question

In the midst of a speech about tsunamis, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on the faces of her listeners. In response, she says, "Let me explain that point again to make sure it's clear." When this happens, the speaker is

answer

Adapting to feedback

question

Which of the following is one of the four major causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook?

answer

Focusing on a speaker's appearance or delivery

question

Tanya went to the beach instead of working on her speech. When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who had already taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya's actions?

answer

Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism

question

True or False? A commemorative speech honoring a person is essentially a biography of that person.

answer

False

question

"We must put an end to war—or war will put an end to us" is an example of

answer

Antithesis

question

To inform my audience what steps to take if they become victims of identity theft" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)

answer

Process

question

What, if anything, is wrong with this specific purpose statement; "To inform my audience about climate change"?

answer

It is too general

question

When conducting research for your speech, if you can't identify the author of a document on the Internet, you should

answer

Try to determine the sponsoring organization for the document

question

How does the following excerpt from a classroom speech violate the guidelines for the use of statistics presented in your textbook? I read that each year, for every 100,000 students living in college dormitories, there are 4 cases of bacterial meningitis.

answer

It doesn't state a qualified source for the statistics

question

Sheila had been making pottery for several years. In her informative speech, she gave a presentation with the following main points. I. The first step in making pottery is preparing the clay. II. The second step in making pottery is shaping the clay. III. The third step in making pottery is decorating and glazing the clay. IV. The fourth step in making pottery is firing the finished product. Sheila's points were arranged in __________ order.

answer

Chronological

question

True or False? The preview statement in a speech introduction identifies the main points to be discussed in the body.

answer

True

question

An example of a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline

answer

Many movie special effects are created with computer-generated graphics

question

What type of tone does extemporaneous delivery have?

answer

Conversational

question

Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to illustrate the rising cost of a college degree?

answer

Line Graphs

question

"To persuade my audience to take a class that will teach them CPR" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of

answer

Policy

question

What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? A sexual encounter with someone who does not consent to it is rape. A person who is incapacitated by alcohol cannot consent to sex. Therefore, a sexual encounter with a person incapacitated by alcohol is rape

answer

Reasoning from principle

question

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? Both of my roommates drink at least three cans of soda every day and neither of them is overweight, so all those studies that link soda consumption to obesity must be wrong.

answer

Hasty generalization

question

Speaker

answer

The person who is presenting the speech

question

Message

answer

whatever the speaker is trying to communicate

question

Channel

answer

How the message is being communicated

question

Listener

answer

the person who is receiving the message/listening

question

Frame of Reference

answer

no two people have the same, sum of person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, attitudes

question

Feedback

answer

A message, usually nonverbal sent from a listener to a speaker (nodding, leaning forward, quizzical looks)

question

Interference

answer

Anything that impedes the communication of a message

question

External Interference

answer

Room temp, traffic noise, people in the hall

question

Internal Interference

answer

Listener has toothache, test, or fighting with boyfriend

question

Situation

answer

Time and place in which the speech communications occurs

question

How is public speaking different then conversation?

answer

Public speaking requires -a more highly structured piece, Requires more formal language, and has a different method of delivery

question

Ethnocentrism

answer

the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

question

Name calling

answer

The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individual or groups

question

Ethics

answer

standing up for your beliefs or doing something because you think they are right or wrong

question

Using Ethics

answer

Goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest, put ethical principles into practice

question

Global plagiarism

answer

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source

question

Patchwork Plagiarism

answer

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources

question

Incremental Plagiarism

answer

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

question

Paraphrase

answer

To restate or summarize an author's ideas in ones own words

question

Appreciative Listening

answer

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment (music/comedy)

question

Empathetic Listening

answer

Listening to provided emotional support for a speaker (friends in distress/psychiatric listening to patient)

question

Comprehensive Listening

answer

Listening to evaluate a message for purpose of accepting or rejecting in (sales pitch/campaign speech)

question

Causes of poor listening

answer

Not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivering and personal appearance

question

How to become a better listener

answer

Take it seriously, be an active listener (feedback), resist distractions, don't be diverted by appearance or delivery, suspend judgement, focus, take notes

question

General Purpose

answer

The broad goal of a speech, convey information clearly

question

Specific purpose

answer

A single infinitive phrase that state precisely what a speaker how to accomplish in his or her speech

question

Central Idea

answer

A one sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech-make effective

question

Audience Centeredness

answer

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

question

Identification

answer

a process in which speaker seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences

question

Demographics

answer

Factors that focus on age, gender religion, sexual orientation, group membership, racial, ethnic or cultural background

question

Situational Audience Analysis

answer

Audience analysis that focus on situational factors (size of audience, physical setting, speaker, occasion)

question

Examples (supporting material)

answer

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences

question

Statistics (supporting material)

answer

Numerical Datat

question

Testimony

answer

Questions or paraphrases used to support a point

question

Orally Crediting Sources

answer

Identify the sources you used by citing them in your speech, use "According to" or "As stated by"

question

Chronological Order

answer

main points follow a time and pattern

question

Spatial Order

answer

main points follow a directional pattern (starting with northern Italy, central Italy, and southern Italy)

question

Causal Order

answer

main points show a cause and effect relationship

question

Problem Solution Order

answer

first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

question

Topical Order

answer

main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

question

Preparation Outline

answer

A detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes that title, specific purpose, central idea, intro, main points, conclusion

question

Guidelines of outline

answer

i. State the specific purpose ii. Identify central idea iii. Label the intro, body, and conclusion iv. Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation v. State main points and sub points in full sentences vi. Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews vii. Attach bibliography viii. Give your speech a title

question

Speaking Outlines

answer

A brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the presentation of a speech

question

Guidelines for speaking outline

answer

i. Follow visual framework used in prep outline ii. Make sure the outline is legible iii. Keep the outline as brief as possible iv. Give yourself cues for delivering the speech

question

Transition

answer

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving to another

question

Signpost

answer

a very brief statement that indicated where a speaker is in the speck or that focuses attention on key ideas (first second, final, in conclusion)

question

Internal Summary

answer

statement in body that summarizes the preceding main points of points

question

Internal Preview

answer

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

question

Goodwill

answer

audience perception of whether the speaker has the best interest of the audience in mind

question

Four Objectives of Introduction

answer

i. Get the attention and interest of the audience ii. Reveal the topic of your speech iii. Establish your credibility and goodwill iv. Preview the body of the speech

question

Two Major Functions of Conclusion

answer

i. Let the audience know it's the end of the speech ii. To reinforce the audience understanding have, or commitment to, the central idea

question

Crescendo Ending

answer

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

question

Dissolve Ending

answer

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

question

Simile

answer

comparison with like or as

question

Antithesis

answer

the juxtaposition contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure (ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country)

question

Alliteration

answer

repetition of the initial consonant sounds or close or adjoining words (cooperation, compromise, and common cause)

question

Repetition

answer

using the same word or set of words a the beginning or end of a successive clauses or sentences (we do not give up... we do not give up... we do not give up)

question

Parallelism

answer

similar arrangement of a pair or series or related words, phrases, or sentences (rich and poor, young and old, man and woman)

question

Metaphor

answer

Comparison WITHOUT like or as

question

Rhythm

answer

pattern of sound in a speech created by choice of words and arrangement of words

question

Speech of Introduction

answer

a speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience d. Commemorative speech: a speech that pays tribute to a person, group of people, an institution, or an idea

question

Speech of presentation

answer

a speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition

question

Acceptance Speech

answer

a speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition

question

Commemorative Speech

answer

a speech that pays tribute to a person, group of people, an institution, or an idea

question

Speech about objects

answer

anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form

question

Speech about process

answer

systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product

question

Speech about events

answer

anything that happens or is regarded as happening

question

Speech about concepts

answer

a belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like

question

Question of Fact

answer

a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

question

Question of Value

answer

a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action

question

Question of Policy

answer

a question whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

question

Problem-Solution Order:

answer

main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution

question

Problem-Cause-Solution Order:

answer

first main point is a problem, next talks about the cause of the problem, last point is the solution

question

Comparative Advantages Order

answer

each main point explains why a speakers solution to a problem is preferable over other solutions

question

Ethos

answer

Speaker credibility

question

Pathos

answer

Emotional appeals

question

Logos

answer

Evidence/reasoning

question

Fallacies

answer

an error in reasoning

question

Hasty Generalization

answer

a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence (throughout history military leaders have ALWAYS made excellent presidents)

question

False Cause

answer

a fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second

question

Invalid Analogy

answer

an analogy in which two cases being compared are not essentially alike

question

Bandwagon

answer

a fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable

question

Red Herring

answer

A fallacy that includes an irrelevant issue to divert attention form the subject under discussion (how dare my opponents accuse me of political corruption at a time when we are working to improve the quality of like for all people in the US)

question

Ad Hominem

answer

fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

question

Either Or

answer

fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more that two exist

question

Slippery Slope

answer

a fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

question

Appeal to Tradition

answer

a fallacy which assumes that something is old is automatically better than something new

question

Appeal to Novelty

answer

fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better that something old

question

Volume

answer

loudness or softness

question

Pitch

answer

Highness or lowness

question

Inflections

answer

Changes in pitch or tone

question

Monotone

answer

constant pitch or tone

question

Rate

answer

speech to which person is talking

question

pause

answer

momentary break in vocal delivery of a speech

question

vocalized pause

answer

a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence with uh uhm

question

vocal variety

answer

changes in a speakers rate pitch and volume that gives voice variety and expressiveness

question

pronunciation

answer

accepted standard of sound and rhythm given for words

question

articulation

answer

physical production of particular speech sounds

question

Dialect

answer

variety of language distinguished by vartations of accents, grammar or vocab

question

nonverbal communication

answer

personal appearance, movement, gestures, eye contact

question

reading from manuscript

answer

speech that is written out word for word and read to audience

question

speaking impromptu

answer

speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

question

extemporaneous speech

answer

carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

question

Guidelines for visual aids

answer

i. Prepare visual aids in advance ii. Keep visual aid simple iii. Make sure visual aids are large enough iv. Use limited amount of text v. Use fonts effectively vi. Use color effectively vii. Use images strategically

question

Guidelines for presenting visual aids

answer

i. Display visual aid where listeners can see them ii. Avoid passing visual aids among the audience iii. Display visual aids only while discussing them iv. Explain visual aids clearly and concisely v. Talk to your audience, not to your visual aid vi. Practice with your visual aid vii. Check the room and equipment

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question

answer

Adapting to feedback

question

Which of the following is one of the four major causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook?

answer

Focusing on a speaker's appearance or delivery

question

answer

Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism

question

True or False? A commemorative speech honoring a person is essentially a biography of that person.

answer

False

question

"We must put an end to war—or war will put an end to us" is an example of

answer

Antithesis

question

To inform my audience what steps to take if they become victims of identity theft" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)

answer

Process

question

What, if anything, is wrong with this specific purpose statement; "To inform my audience about climate change"?

answer

It is too general

question

When conducting research for your speech, if you can't identify the author of a document on the Internet, you should

answer

Try to determine the sponsoring organization for the document

question

answer

It doesn't state a qualified source for the statistics

question

answer

Chronological

question

True or False? The preview statement in a speech introduction identifies the main points to be discussed in the body.

answer

True

question

An example of a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline

answer

Many movie special effects are created with computer-generated graphics

question

What type of tone does extemporaneous delivery have?

answer

Conversational

question

Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to illustrate the rising cost of a college degree?

answer

Line Graphs

question

"To persuade my audience to take a class that will teach them CPR" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of

answer

Policy

question

answer

Reasoning from principle

question

answer

Hasty generalization

question

Speaker

answer

The person who is presenting the speech

question

Message

answer

whatever the speaker is trying to communicate

question

Channel

answer

How the message is being communicated

question

Listener

answer

the person who is receiving the message/listening

question

Frame of Reference

answer

no two people have the same, sum of person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, attitudes

question

Feedback

answer

A message, usually nonverbal sent from a listener to a speaker (nodding, leaning forward, quizzical looks)

question

Interference

answer

Anything that impedes the communication of a message

question

External Interference

answer

Room temp, traffic noise, people in the hall

question

Internal Interference

answer

Listener has toothache, test, or fighting with boyfriend

question

Situation

answer

Time and place in which the speech communications occurs

question

How is public speaking different then conversation?

answer

Public speaking requires -a more highly structured piece, Requires more formal language, and has a different method of delivery

question

Ethnocentrism

answer

the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

question

Name calling

answer

The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individual or groups

question

Ethics

answer

standing up for your beliefs or doing something because you think they are right or wrong

question

Using Ethics

answer

Goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest, put ethical principles into practice

question

Global plagiarism

answer

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source

question

Patchwork Plagiarism

answer

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources

question

Incremental Plagiarism

answer

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

question

Paraphrase

answer

To restate or summarize an author's ideas in ones own words

question

Appreciative Listening

answer

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment (music/comedy)

question

Empathetic Listening

answer

Listening to provided emotional support for a speaker (friends in distress/psychiatric listening to patient)

question

Comprehensive Listening

answer

Listening to evaluate a message for purpose of accepting or rejecting in (sales pitch/campaign speech)

question

Causes of poor listening

answer

Not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivering and personal appearance

question

How to become a better listener

answer

Take it seriously, be an active listener (feedback), resist distractions, don't be diverted by appearance or delivery, suspend judgement, focus, take notes

question

General Purpose

answer

The broad goal of a speech, convey information clearly

question

Specific purpose

answer

A single infinitive phrase that state precisely what a speaker how to accomplish in his or her speech

question

Central Idea

answer

A one sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech-make effective

question

Audience Centeredness

answer

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

question

Identification

answer

a process in which speaker seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences

question

Demographics

answer

Factors that focus on age, gender religion, sexual orientation, group membership, racial, ethnic or cultural background

question

Situational Audience Analysis

answer

Audience analysis that focus on situational factors (size of audience, physical setting, speaker, occasion)

question

Examples (supporting material)

answer

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences

question

Statistics (supporting material)

answer

Numerical Datat

question

Testimony

answer

Questions or paraphrases used to support a point

question

Orally Crediting Sources

answer

Identify the sources you used by citing them in your speech, use "According to" or "As stated by"

question

Chronological Order

answer

main points follow a time and pattern

question

Spatial Order

answer

main points follow a directional pattern (starting with northern Italy, central Italy, and southern Italy)

question

Causal Order

answer

main points show a cause and effect relationship

question

Problem Solution Order

answer

first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

question

Topical Order

answer

main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

question

Preparation Outline

answer

A detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes that title, specific purpose, central idea, intro, main points, conclusion

question

Guidelines of outline

answer

question

Speaking Outlines

answer

A brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the presentation of a speech

question

Guidelines for speaking outline

answer

i. Follow visual framework used in prep outline ii. Make sure the outline is legible iii. Keep the outline as brief as possible iv. Give yourself cues for delivering the speech

question

Transition

answer

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving to another

question

Signpost

answer

a very brief statement that indicated where a speaker is in the speck or that focuses attention on key ideas (first second, final, in conclusion)

question

Internal Summary

answer

statement in body that summarizes the preceding main points of points

question

Internal Preview

answer

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

question

Goodwill

answer

audience perception of whether the speaker has the best interest of the audience in mind

question

Four Objectives of Introduction

answer

i. Get the attention and interest of the audience ii. Reveal the topic of your speech iii. Establish your credibility and goodwill iv. Preview the body of the speech

question

Two Major Functions of Conclusion

answer

i. Let the audience know it's the end of the speech ii. To reinforce the audience understanding have, or commitment to, the central idea

question

Crescendo Ending

answer

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

question

Dissolve Ending

answer

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

question

Simile

answer

comparison with like or as

question

Antithesis

answer

the juxtaposition contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure (ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country)

question

Alliteration

answer

repetition of the initial consonant sounds or close or adjoining words (cooperation, compromise, and common cause)

question

Repetition

answer

using the same word or set of words a the beginning or end of a successive clauses or sentences (we do not give up... we do not give up... we do not give up)

question

Parallelism

answer

similar arrangement of a pair or series or related words, phrases, or sentences (rich and poor, young and old, man and woman)

question

Metaphor

answer

Comparison WITHOUT like or as

question

Rhythm

answer

pattern of sound in a speech created by choice of words and arrangement of words

question

Speech of Introduction

answer

a speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience d. Commemorative speech: a speech that pays tribute to a person, group of people, an institution, or an idea

question

Speech of presentation

answer

a speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition

question

Acceptance Speech

answer

a speech that gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition

question

Commemorative Speech

answer

a speech that pays tribute to a person, group of people, an institution, or an idea

question

Speech about objects

answer

anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form

question

Speech about process

answer

systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product

question

Speech about events

answer

anything that happens or is regarded as happening

question

Speech about concepts

answer

a belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like

question

Question of Fact

answer

a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

question

Question of Value

answer

a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action

question

Question of Policy

answer

a question whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

question

Problem-Solution Order:

answer

main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution

question

Problem-Cause-Solution Order:

answer

first main point is a problem, next talks about the cause of the problem, last point is the solution

question

Comparative Advantages Order

answer

each main point explains why a speakers solution to a problem is preferable over other solutions

question

Ethos

answer

Speaker credibility

question

Pathos

answer

Emotional appeals

question

Logos

answer

Evidence/reasoning

question

Fallacies

answer

an error in reasoning

question

Hasty Generalization

answer

a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence (throughout history military leaders have ALWAYS made excellent presidents)

question

False Cause

answer

a fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second

question

Invalid Analogy

answer

an analogy in which two cases being compared are not essentially alike

question

Bandwagon

answer

a fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable

question

Red Herring

answer

question

Ad Hominem

answer

fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

question

Either Or

answer

fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more that two exist

question

Slippery Slope

answer

a fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

question

Appeal to Tradition

answer

a fallacy which assumes that something is old is automatically better than something new

question

Appeal to Novelty

answer

fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better that something old

question

Volume

answer

loudness or softness

question

Pitch

answer

Highness or lowness

question

Inflections

answer

Changes in pitch or tone

question

Monotone

answer

constant pitch or tone

question

Rate

answer

speech to which person is talking

question

pause

answer

momentary break in vocal delivery of a speech

question

vocalized pause

answer

a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence with uh uhm

question

vocal variety

answer

changes in a speakers rate pitch and volume that gives voice variety and expressiveness

question

pronunciation

answer

accepted standard of sound and rhythm given for words

question

articulation

answer

physical production of particular speech sounds

question

Dialect

answer

variety of language distinguished by vartations of accents, grammar or vocab

question

nonverbal communication

answer

personal appearance, movement, gestures, eye contact

question

reading from manuscript

answer

speech that is written out word for word and read to audience

question

speaking impromptu

answer

speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

question

extemporaneous speech

answer

carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

question

Guidelines for visual aids

answer

question

Guidelines for presenting visual aids

answer

Coms 100 Final – Flashcards

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