COM 252 Exam #1 – Flashcards
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personality
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The characteristic ways that you think and behave across a variety of situations is called your ________ .
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personality types
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Extroversion, shyness, assertiveness, verbal aggression, and an overall willingness to communicate are ________ .
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We have a great deal of control over them.
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How much control do we have over our personality traits?
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important people in our lives
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Messages from ________ play the most important role in shaping how we regard ourselves.
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reflected appraisal
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We develop self-concepts that match the way we think others see us in a process called ________ .
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significant others
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People whose opinions we especially value are called ________ .
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what is evaluating ourselves by comparing ourselves with others
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Each of us forms our self-image through the process of social comparison. Social comparison involves:
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why is the self-concept is subjective
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Although we tend to believe that our self-concept is accurate, in truth it may well be distorted. This is because:
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what is cognitive conservatism
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The tendency to seek out and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled ________ .
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People in collectivist cultures shape their identities based on group membership
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How does being a part of a collectivist culture affect one's identity?
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People in individualist cultures tend to prefer direct communication whereas people in collectivist cultures tend to prefer indirect approaches.
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Which statement below accurately describes the impact that culture has on communication style?
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The self-esteem of males and females are often tied to different criteria.
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What is a true statement about gender, self-concept, and self-esteem?
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What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
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When your expectations of an event cause you to behave in a way that make your expectations come true, you have experienced ________ .
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what is identity management
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The communication strategies that people use to influence how others view them are part of a process called:
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what is perceived self
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The person you honestly believe yourself to be is called your ________ .
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what is the presenting self
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The way we want others to view us is our ________ .
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what are manner, setting, and appearance
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What are the three ways that communicators can manage their public face in face-to-face interaction?
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what does HONESTY have to do with faces
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Each of us has a repertoire of faces--a cast of characters--and part of being a competent communicator is choosing the best face for the situation. The authors argue that we should choose each face based on ________ .
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what is the deliberate sharing of significant information about yourself that was not already known to others
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What is self-disclosure?
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what is the information that others know but you do not
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What kind of information is in the blind area of the Johari Window?
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There are both benefits and risks associated with self-disclosure.
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Which statement best describes self-disclosure?
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a lie told to avoid hurting another person's feelings
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What is a benevolent lie?
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what influences the SELECTION aspect of perception?
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Repetitious stimuli, intense stimuli, and contrasting stimuli influence which aspect of perception?
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changes in stimuli, repetitious stimuli, and intense stimuli do what?
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What are 3 ways stimuli catch our attention?
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What principle operates in the interpretation aspect of perception?
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The principle of figure-ground operates in which aspect of perception?
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What is stereotyping?
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We often categorize people on the basis of easily recognized characteristics. But when generalizations lose touch with reality, they lead to ________ -- exaggerated generalizations associated with a categorizing system.
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what is punctuation?
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Communication theorists use the term(s) ________ to describe the determination of causes and effects in a series of interactions.
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What is interpretation?
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Attaching meaning to sensory data is the process of ________ .
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What is negotiation?
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A big part of sense-making occurs between and among people as they influence one another's perceptions and try to achieve a shared perspective. This process is known as ________ .
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What are examples of physiological perception?
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Age, health, fatigue, hunger, and biological cycles are examples of which type of influence on perception?
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What does combining masculine and feminine traits describe?
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Some theorists have suggested that stereotypical masculine and feminine behaviors are not opposite poles of a single continuum, but rather two separate sets of behavior. With this view, someone who is androgynous is ________ .
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the socially approved ways for males and females to behave
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What are gender roles?
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what is attribution?
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Social scientists use the term ________ to describe the process of attaching meaning to behavior.
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we are engaged in self-serving bias when doing what?
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When we tend to judge ourselves in the most generous terms possible, we are engaged in what?
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Assuming others are similar to us is a common tendency in what?
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One common tendency in perception is to assume that others ________ .
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3 elements of perception checking are
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Describing a behavior you noticed, coming up with at least two possible interpretations of the behavior, and requesting clarification about how to interpret the behavior are the three elements of ________ .
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what is nonverbal congruency?
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A perception check can succeed only if your nonverbal behavior reflects the open-mindedness of your words. This is called ________ .
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what kind of CULTURE does Low-context approach of perception checking have the best chance of working?
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In what kind of culture does the straightforward approach of perception checking have the best chance of working?
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what is cognitive complexity?
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The ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue is called ________ .
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What makes us have more empathy for others?
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Increasing our cognitive complexity helps us be better communicators because it will help us ________ .
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What is a tool for increasing cognitive complexity and building empathy?
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The Pillow Method is ________ .
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What position is 'There is truth in all four perspectives' in the Pillow Method?
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What is the final position in the Pillow Method?
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What are nonverbal reactions?
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Not all physical changes that accompany emotions are internal. Feelings are often apparent by observable changes. We call these ________ .
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What is the rethinking the meaning of emotionally charged events?
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What is reappraisal?
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Managing and suppressing your emotions refers to what?
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The term emotion labor refers to situations in which it is appropriate or necessary to ________ .
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What is emotional contagion?
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The process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another is called ________ .
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All of our feelings
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When we feel multiple emotions, the best course of action is often to share ________ .
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Facilitative emotions contribute to effective functioning, whereas debilitative emotions detract from effective functioning.
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How are facilitative emotions different from debilitative emotions?
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What is the fallacy of overgeneralization?
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Which fallacy involves basing a belief on a very limited amount of evidence?
