Civil Rights Movement Analysis – Flashcards
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Thurgood Marshall
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American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
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Rosa Parks
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(LBJ) , United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)
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NAACP
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- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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Brown v. Board
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1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
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MLK, Jr
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Leader that fought for civil rights in USA that took many of Ganhi's ideas
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SCLC
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-Southern Christian Leadership Conferenc
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SNCC
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(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement
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Sit-ins
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to protest at lunch counters that served only whites, African Americans students began staging this
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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(1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites.
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Jim Crow laws
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Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
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Malcolm X
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1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement built on seperationist and nationalist impulsesto achieve true independence and equality
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Little Rock 9
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1st group of black students who were able to attend an all white school because President Eisenhower used the military to enforce the Brown v. Board of Education decision
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Freedom Riders
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Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation
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Emmett Till
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Murdered in 1955 for whistling at a white woman by her husband and his friends. They kidnapped him and brutally killed him. his death led to the American Civil Rights movement.
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Black Panthers
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A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.
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Nation of Islam
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A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans
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Civil Rights Act 64
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protects employees from sexual harassment
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Civil Rights Act 1968
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..., this law banned discrimination in housing, the segregation of education, transprotation, and employment, it helped African Americans gain their full votin rights.
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Brown vs. Board of education 1954
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..., 1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
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Voting Rights Act 65
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aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States
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Affirmative Action
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A policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination.
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Forced busing
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due to parents unhappy with encouraged segregation of schools, Supreme Court instituted forced busing policies (using school buses as a method of integration)
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Freedom Summer
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1964 effort to register African American voters in Mississippi
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Sit-ins
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to protest at lunch counters that served only whites, African Americans students began staging this
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March on Washington
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held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech. 250,000 people attended the rally
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March on Birmingham
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King hosted myriad nonviolent protesting activities to fill jail with protestors, Bill Connor (police commissioner) began violent resistance to protestors
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.
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Great migration
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(WW) , movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
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Civil disobedience
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A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.
