Chemistry of Matter – Flashcards
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| Chemistry |
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| the scientific study of matter, the principal and chemical changes affecting matter and the energy changes that accompany those processes |
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| Chemist |
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| scientists who studey matter, its properties and changes |
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| Biochemistry |
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| the study of chemical reaction , such as growth, reproducrion and respoiration, that occur within a living organism |
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| pH |
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Potential hydrogen
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pH Scale |
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Scale of pH Balance .5 ----- Muratic Acid (Most Acidic) 2 ----- Lemon 4 ----- Peroxide 4.5 ----- Skin 5.5 ----- Skin 6 ----- Urine 6.5 ----- Saliva 7 ----- Water 6.5/7.5 --Shampoo 7.5 ----- Blood 11.5 ----- Chemical Depilatory 14 ----- Lye (Most Alkaline) |
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| Organic Chemistry |
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| deals with all matter that is now living or was alive at one time. This is the stufey of matter containing carbon which is present in all plants and animals |
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| Inorganic Chemistry |
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| Deals with matter that was never living and does not contain carbon |
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| Matter |
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| anything that occupies space |
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| Solids |
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| Mattter with definite Weight, Volume & Shape |
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| Liquids |
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| Matter with definite Weight and Volume but no Shape |
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| Gases |
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| Matter with definite Weight, but indefinite Volume and Shape |
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| Physical Change |
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| a change in the physical form of a substance without creating a new substance possessing a distinct material composition (water to ice) |
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| Chemical Change |
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| a change in a substance that creates a new substance with different material characteristics from those of the original substance |
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| Sublimination |
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| The process of a solid or gas changing states without becoming a liquid |
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| Energy |
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| The ability to do work to accomplish some change |
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| Elements |
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| Basic units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction |
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| Periodic law |
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| The unifying concept used to organize elements and their similarities |
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| Atomic Numbers |
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| The number shown in the Periodic Table with each element and indicates how many protons are in a simple atom of the element |
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| Atoms |
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| The smallest complete unit of an element |
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| Proton |
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| Have a positive electrical charge and identify the atom |
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| Neutrons |
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| Have no electrical charge |
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| Electrons |
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| Have a negaive electrical charge |
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| Nucleus |
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| Dense core at the center of an atom formed by tightly packed together protons and neutrons (control center) |
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| Free Electrons |
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| Electron in the outermost orbit that is easily moved from its orbit. if another atom has a shortage of electrons, the free electron will attempt to move tot he other atom |
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| Molecule |
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| smallest particle of a compound |
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| Compounds |
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When the atoms that combing are different, they create compounds created by chemically uniting two different elements Ex: water (H2O) and hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
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| Oxidation |
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| A substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired |
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| Reduction |
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A substance gains an electron and oxygen is released (release of oxygen to the skin) |
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| Ionic Bond |
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| When positive and negaive ions join, they are held together by an ionic bond |
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| Covalent Bond |
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| If no trading is taking place and the atoms are sharing the electrons, they are held together by covalent bonds. |
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| Chemical Bond |
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| Forces that hold atoms together in compounds |
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| Biochemistry |
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| Branches of science that deals with the chemicals related to life processes and their reactions within the body |
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| Proteins |
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| Helps the body to construct and renew itself |
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| Carbohydrates |
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| Used by the body to store energy and play a key role in metabolism |
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| Lipids |
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| Components that fill the intercellular spaces in the skin also called intercellular element |
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| Enzymes |
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Materials that dissolve and breakdown large molecules into smaller ones Ex: papain |
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| Amino Acid |
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| Compounds conisisting of carben, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen that join togehter in chains to form protein |
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| Peptide Bond |
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| A bond unifying two amino acid groups |
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| Polypeptide Chain |
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| Thousands of amino acids connected lenght-wise to form a chain |
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| Monomers |
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| Basic building block molecules that connect with each other to form larger, more complex compounds |
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| Polymers |
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| Groups of monomers that bond together |
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| Saccharide |
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| A simple uint of carbohydrate |
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| Monosaccharide |
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| A single saccharide, a simpleu sugar, such as glucose |
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| Disaccharide |
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| Two saccharides linked together, such as sucurose (table sugar) |
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| Polysaccharide |
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| Mny saccharides linked to form larger, more complex molecules, such as starch |
