Chemistry Exam Review Answers – Flashcards
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| Physcial and Chemical Change Physical and Chemical Property |
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| (P)When characteristics change. (C) A new substance is made. (P)Appearence, characteristics. (C)Characteristic behaviours when a new substance is made. |
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| Endothermic and Exothermic |
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| Heat is absorbed Heat is released |
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| Pure Substance and Mixtures |
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| Only one element in a substance More than one element in a substance |
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| Homogenous and Heterogenous |
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| The same Different |
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| Elements and Compounds |
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| A single atom Multiple atoms |
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| Six changes of state |
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| Melting, Freezing, Sublimation Deposition, Condensation, vaporization |
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| Electronegativity Electron Affinity Atomic Radius Ionization energy |
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| Increases left to right Increases left to right Increases from top to bottom Increases left to right |
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| Polar Covalent Bonding |
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| The sharing of electrons between two atoms with different electronegativity. Atom with higher electronegativity = - Atom with lower electronegativity = + |
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| Metallic Bonds |
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| Sea of valence electrons Valence electrons from one atom can easily migrate to the valence shell of another. This is why metal is such a good conductor. |
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| Covalent Bond |
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| The sharing of electrons between two atoms. It can either be Polar or Non-polar depending on the electronegativity. Like a tug-o-war of electrons. |
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| Non-Polar Covalent Bond |
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| Occurs between two atoms of the same element or two atoms of very similar electronegativity. The shared pair of electrons will spend equal time revolving around each nucleus |
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| Intramolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces |
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| Forces that keep the atoms held together in a molecule. Forces that attract molecules. |
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| Dipole-Dipole Forces Ion-Dipole Forces |
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| Forces that interact between two polar molecules. Forces that interact between Ions and Polar molecules. The strength of the attraction depends on the size of the ion and the magnitude of the dipole. |
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| Dispersion Forces |
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| Attractive forces between all molecules. It is the only force of attraction between non-polar molecules. These are the WEAKEST of intermolecular forces. These forces are induced by nearby ions or dipoles |
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| Liquid, Solid, and Gas (London.D.F) |
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| Solid: Rigid, Hard, Ionic, strongest intermolecular force. Liquid: Not Rigid, Not Hard, Polar molecule, weaker intermolecular force, takes shape of container. Gas: very far apart, weakest intermolecular force, non-polar |
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| What do we consider molecules that exhibit symmetry? |
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| Non-polar. They would have no net-dipole. Linear, Planar, Tetrahedral. |
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| What is a Hyrdate? |
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| A compound that releases water when heated. |
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| Binary Acid |
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| An element that contains hydrogen and another electronegative element. (It can only consist of two elements.) |
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| Oxyacid |
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| An element that contains Hydrogen, Oxegyn, and a third element that is usually a non-metal. |
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| For Double Displacements Remember: |
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| 2 soluable = nothing 1(aq) and 1(s)= cloudy |
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| What is Combustion? |
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| A very rapid reaction that produces oxides. Fuel + Oxegyn --> Oxide + Energy |
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| 7 |
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