Chapter 6 Integumentary Questions – Flashcards
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The skin carries out the first step in the synthesis of vitamin D
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True
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Living keratinocytes exfoliate from the epidermis as tiny specks called dander
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False
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The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the hypodermis
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False
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The youngest keratinocytes are found in the stratum basale
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True
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Melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene give color to the skin
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True
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Albinism is the genetic lack of melanin that results in a milky white coloration of the skin.
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True
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Embarrassment can be perceived by an abnormal coloration of the skin called cyanosis
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False
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Freckles are elevated patches with an abnormal coloration of the skin
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False
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Straight hair is round, wavy hair is oval, and curly hair is relatively flat
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True
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Hair and nails are composed of collagen
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False
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Merocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles in the pubic and anal regions, axilla, areola, and beard.
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False
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Pattern baldness is relatively rare in women because women have lower testosterone levels than men.
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True
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The acidity of sweat contributes to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth in the skin.
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True
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Debridement is not necessary to infection control
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False
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The three forms of skin cancer are defined by the types of cells in which they originate.
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True
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The skin does not include
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the hypodermis
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These are all types of cells found in the epidermis except
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fibroblasts
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Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands.
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fingertips
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Most of the skin is ___________ mm thick
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1 to 2
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This image shows structures of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. What does "3" represent?
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hypodermis
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This image shows structures of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. What does "1" represent?
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epidermis
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This image shows structures of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. ________ are found in the layer of the skin represented as "2".
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Collagen and fibroblasts
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This image shows structures of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Layer "1" represents _____, whereas layer "2" represents ___________.
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stratified squamous epithelium; dense irregular connective tissue
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This image shows strata and cell types of the epidermis. ________ represents a living keratinocyte belonging to the stratum basale
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"5"
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This image shows strata and cell types of the epidermis. "2" represents a _________, whereas "4" represents a _________.
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living keratinocyte; melanocyte
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This layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells
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stratum corneum
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Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch?
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tactile (Merkel) cells
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The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the
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stratum basale
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These cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens.
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dendritic (Langerhans) cells
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Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with
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dermal papillae
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Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication of
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keratinocytes
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The ___ is absent from most epidermis
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Stratum lucidum
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. Leather is mostly made of the __________ layer of the dermis, which is very tough due to the high concentration of ____________ fibers
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reticular; collagen
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Hypodermis is usually has an abundance of in this tissue
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adipose tissue
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The skin discoloration most likely to suggest physical abuse is
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hematoma
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The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to this pigment
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hemoglobin
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This skin color is most likely to result from anemia
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pallor
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Bilirubin causes a skin discoloration called
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jaundice
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Ethnic differences in skin color are primarily caused by differences in
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quantity of melanin produced
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A ___ is an elevated patch of melanized skin.
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mole
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A pilus is
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hair
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The hair present only prenatally is called ___________, most of which is replaced by ____________ by the time of birth.
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lanugo; vellus
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The _________ provides the hair with its sole source of nutrition
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dermal papilla
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This image shows the structure of a hair and its follicle. What does "1" represent?
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bulb
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The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes
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hairs to stand on end with no apparent function.
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A hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in the following order
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anagen, catagen, and telogen.
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Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a(an)
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hair follicle
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Excessive hairiness is called
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hirsutism
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The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail is called
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eponychium (cuticle)
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This image shows the anatomy of a fingernail. What does "2" represent?
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lunule
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Variations in hair color arise from the relative amounts of
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eumelanin and pheomelanin.
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Mitosis in the __________ accounts for growth of the nail.
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nail matrix
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The oil of your scalp is secreted by __________ glands associated with the hair follicles.
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sebaceous
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Secretions from __________ glands contribute the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth on the skin.
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merocrine sweat
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____________ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal.
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Cerumen
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This image shows cutaneous glands. The name of structure "1" is
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apocrine gland
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The cutaneous glands concerned with cooling the body are
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merocrine glands
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The ___ are a source of sex pheromones
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apocrine glands
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Mammary glands are modified ___________ glands that develop within the female breast, whereas ____________ are present in both sexes
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apocrine; breasts
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Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer?
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spinosum and basale
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The "ABCD rule" for recognizing early signs of malignant melanoma refers to the following characteristics of the lesion
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asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter
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The least common but most deadly type of skin cancer is
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malignant melanoma
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Basal cell carcinoma initially affects cells of the stratum __________, whereas malignant melanoma arises from ___________.
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basale; melanocytes
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_____________ burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue.
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Third-degree
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The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with severe burns is
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fluid loss
