Question 1

Which layer is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue?  A) A  B) B  C) C  D) D

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Layer B is composed primarily of __________.  A) dense regular connective tissue  B) simple squamous epithelium  C) dense irregular connective tissue  D) areolar connective tissue

Accepted Answer

areolar connective tissue

Question 3

Which of these is NOT a function of the layer at D?  A) to insulate the body from heat loss  B) to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis  C) to loosely connect the skin to underlying tissue  D) to store energy

Accepted Answer

to supply cells to replace those lost from the epidermis

Question 4

What is the function of the secretion from A?  A) to lubricate hair and prevent infection  B) to waterproof the epidermis  C) to cool the body  D) to provide nourishment for the cells in the hair

Accepted Answer

to lubricate hair and prevent infection

Question 5

Which structure is a type of sweat gland?  A) A  B) B  C) C  D) D

Accepted Answer

C

Question 6

The skin is permeable to organic solvents, such as acetone or turpentine, because they ______.  A) can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes B) are small molecules that bypass skin cells and therefore directly enter the blood C) solubilize the skin\'s keratin filaments D) solubilize the skin\'s collagen fibers

Accepted Answer

can dissolve the lipid bilayers of epidermal and dermal cell plasma membranes

Question 7

The source of the fluid that accumulates in a blister is________.  A) water that is absorbed from the environment into the skin B) water that is squeezed out of the overlying epidermal cells C) the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

the plasma of the blood flowing through the numerous dermal blood vessels

Question 8

During cold weather, blood vessels located in the dermis undergo vasoconstriction restricting blood flow into the skin. This produces additional body heat by routing blood to what effector organ?  A) cardiac muscle B) smooth muscle C) brain D) skeletal muscle

Accepted Answer

skeletal muscle

Question 9

A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin\'s pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient?  A) respiratory disease that results in the blood being poorly oxygenated B) the presence of hematomas in the skin C) hypertension caused by excessive use of the medication D) Anemia

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 10

If a large number of whiteheads appear on the skin of the forehead, which of the following would result?  A) fine hairs on the forehead would become brittle B) the forehead\'s skin would become dry C) bacteria on the forehead\'s skin would grow and multiply freely D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 11

Layers B and C collectively form the _________.  A) epidermis  B) hypodermis  C) dermis  D) subcutaneous layer

Accepted Answer

dermis

Question 12

Which of the following terms describes layer D?  A) epidermal  B) subcutaneous  C) papillary  D) reticular

Accepted Answer

subcutaneous

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes a common feature of all structures labeled A through D in the figure?  A) Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis.  B) Structures A, B, C, and D are all various types of glands.  C) Structures A, B, C, and D are composed primarily of smooth muscle.  D) All the listed statements correctly describe structures A, B, C, and D.

Accepted Answer

Structures A, B, C, and D are located in the dermis.

Question 14

Which of these glands is properly matched with its mode of secretion?  A) A; holocrine  B) A; merocrine  C) C; apocrine  D) C; holocrine

Accepted Answer

A; holocrine

Question 15

What is the function of structure B?  A) production of defensive chemicals  B) storage of fat  C) detection of pressure stimulus  D) secretion of sweat

Accepted Answer

detection of pressure stimulus

Question 16

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?  A) dendritic cells  B) macrophages  C) keratinocytes  D) fibroblasts

Accepted Answer

keratinocytes

Question 17

Cell division would be most common among cells in which of the labeled layers?  A) A  B) B  C) C  D) D

Accepted Answer

D

Question 18

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation?  A) the rigidity of the cell membrane  B) their desmosome attachments  C) glycolipids that make the layer waterproof  D) pulling by shrunken keratin fibers between the cells

Accepted Answer

their desmosome attachments

Question 19

Which of these epidermal layers would be LEAST likely to develop cancer?  A) A  B) C  C) D  D) E

Accepted Answer

A

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis?  A) stratum corner B) stratum granulosum C) reticular layer D) basal layer

Accepted Answer

reticular layer

Question 21

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?  A) Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis. B) Langerhans cells activate the immune system. C) Melanin provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. D) Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

Accepted Answer

Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body.

Question 22

Keratin protects skin cell DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Is this statement true or false?  A) True B) False

Accepted Answer

False

Question 23

Surface skin cells regenerate from stem cells found in which specific region?  A) in the stratum basal B) in the stratum corner C) in the deepest layer of the skin D) in the papillary layer of the dermis

Accepted Answer

in the stratum basal

Question 24

Which of the following layers is found only on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet?  A) stratum lucid B) stratum basale C) stratum corner D) stratum granulosum

Accepted Answer

stratum lucid

Question 25

The integument\'s ability to resist tearing when stretched is largely due to the ________.  A) desmosomes that bind together the cells of the stratum basal B) abundance of dense fibers found in the papillary layer of the dermis C) network of collagen fibers present in the reticular layer of the dermis D) dead, flattened layers of keratinized cells that fuse to form the stratum corneum

Accepted Answer

network of collagen fibers present in the reticular layer of the dermis

Question 26

Which epidermal cells act as sensory touch receptors?  A) melanocytes B) dendritic cells C) tactile cells D) keratinocytes

Accepted Answer

tactile cells

Question 27

In people with lighter skin, respiratory failure can lead to a change in the color of the skin. Which pigmentation factor is affecting this change?  A) carotene B) hemoglobin C) folic acid D) melanin

Accepted Answer

hemoglobin

Question 28

What is the role of the hair follicle?  A) The hair follicle serves as an anchor for the hair shaft. B) The hair follicle serves as a sensory receptor. C) The hair follicle allows hair to \"stand on end,\" or become erect. D) The hair follicle produces hair.

Accepted Answer

The hair follicle serves as an anchor for the hair shaft.

Question 29

You discover a new type of gland associated with the skin. Chemical analysis of the product shows a secretion has a pH of 4, consists of 99% water, and contains traces of normal electrolytes including urea, vitamin C, and dermicidin. There are no traces of fats or proteins. How would you classify this new gland?  A) ceruminous gland B) mammary gland C) eccrine gland D) sebaceous gland

Accepted Answer

eccrine gland

Question 30

Which of the following represents a difference between eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands?  A) The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands. B) Eccrine sweat glands use exocytosis to make secretions, while apocrine sweat glands do not. C) Eccrine sweat glands begin to function at puberty, while apocrine sweat glands function throughout life. D) Eccrine sweat glands are located deeper in the dermis than apocrine sweat glands.

Accepted Answer

The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands.

Question 31

In alopecia, new hair growth stops because cell division is inhibited in the_________.  A) epithelial root sheath B) cuticle C) hair matrix D) hair follicle receptor

Accepted Answer

hair matrix

Question 32

In the presence of sunlight, Vitamin D precursors are produced. This is important for the transport of sodium in our intestines. Is this statement true or false?  A) True B) False

Accepted Answer

False

Question 33

Which of the following does NOT protect the skin from bacteria?  A) the low pH of the skin B) the temperature of the skin C) defense\'s D) cathelicidins E) dermcidin

Accepted Answer

the temperature of the skin

Question 34

Our skin helps us to regulate our body temperature by causing shivering. Is this statement true or false?  A) True B) False

Accepted Answer

False

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an immediate threat to the system as a result of burns?  A) dehydration B) bacterial infection C) electrolyte imbalance D) renal failure

Accepted Answer

bacterial infection

Question 36

Which of the following would NOT be a correct characteristic of melanoma?  A) diameter of 12 mm B) color that is dark black or brown C) border regularity D) asymmetry

Accepted Answer

border regularity

Question 37

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers?  A) stratum spinosum B) stratum corner C) stratum granulosum D) stratum basale

Accepted Answer

stratum basale

Question 38

Which type of cell is NOT found in the epidermis?  A) dendritic cells B) keratinocytes C) melanocytes D) pain receptors

Accepted Answer

pain receptors

Question 39

Which dermal layer is responsible for the dermal properties of skin that are evident as cleavage lines?  A) the granular layer B) the papillary layer C) the basal layer D) the reticular layer

Accepted Answer

the reticular layer

Question 40

In general, skin cancer is least likely to develop in which of the following locations?  A) scalp B) forehead C) nose D) the back of the hand

Accepted Answer

scalp

Question 41

New portions of a nail are produced at the nail bed. Is this statement true or false?  A) True B) False

Accepted Answer

False

Question 42

Earwax is made by __________.  A) sebaceous glands B) ceruminous glands C) eccrine glands D) apocrine glands

Accepted Answer

ceruminous glands

Question 43

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is _______.  A) melanoma B) basal cell carcinoma C) squamous cell carcinoma D) All of these skin cancers are equally dangerous.

Accepted Answer

melanoma

Question 44

The biggest risk factor for the development of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Exposure to UV light in a tanning booth is safer. Is this statement true or false?  A) True B) False

Accepted Answer

False

Question 45

Pigment can be found in several layers of the epidermis. In which layers would you expect to find the cells that produce melanin?  A) stratum spinosum B) stratum lucid C) stratum granulosum D) stratum basale

Accepted Answer

stratum basale

Question 46

Which skin-color-associated, pigment-producing cell is located in the labeled layer D?  A) fibroblast  B) tactile (Merkel) cell  C) keratinocyte  D) melanocyte

Accepted Answer

melanocyte

Question 47

If a person were born without eccrine glands, what skin function would he or she have a hard time completing?  A) metabolic function B) cutaneous sensation C) thermoregulation D) having the skin act as a physical barrier

Accepted Answer

thermoregulation

Question 48

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation?  A) carotene B) melanin C) keratin D) hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

melanin

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum?  A) protection from bacteria B) lubrication of the skin C) protection from UV radiation D) prevention of water loss

Accepted Answer

protection from UV radiation

Question 50

Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair?  A) ceruminous glands B) sebaceous glands C) apocrine sweat glands D) eccrine sweat glands

Accepted Answer

sebaceous glands

Question 51

In a woman that has hirsutism, ________.  A) the keratin filaments in hair undergo cell division to thicken the hair B) androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair C) the cuticles in the visible portions of hair shafts undergo extensive cell division D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

androgens stimulate vellus hair to become terminal hair

Question 52

Which of the following best explains the fact that eyebrows do NOT grow as long as the hair on the head?  A) The hair follicles of the eyebrows do not have a hair matrix; the hair follicles in the scalp do have a hair matrix. B) The hair follicles of the eyebrows exhibit a resting phase, but the hair follicles in the scalp do not. C) The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive. D) The hair follicles of the eyebrows are not responsive to androgens; hair follicles in the scalp are responsive to androgens. E) The hair of the eyebrows does not have a cuticle, but the hair on the head does have a cuticle.

Accepted Answer

The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before becoming inactive.

Question 53

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters?  A) first-degree burn B) second-degree burn C) third-degree burn D) full-thickness burn

Accepted Answer

second-degree burn

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