Chapter 3- The Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe – Flashcards
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What id the Roman emperor Constantine do for Christians?
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Issued a decree allowing Christians to practice their religion freely
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How had Christians been treated before Constantine's actions?
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Persecuted for their beliefs
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All Christians in Western Europe belonged to which church?
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The Roman Catholic Church
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How did the Roman Catholic Church play a vital role in society after the fall of Rome?
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Leadership and stability
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What is the Social Pyramid of the Roman Catholic Church?
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Pope, Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops
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How did the Roman Catholic Church come to wield great political power?
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Church officials were often the only people who could read
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What was the dispute that took place between Pope Gregory and the emperor Henry?
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Henry called that Gregory was no longer a pope. In response, Gregory excommunicated Henry
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What was so significant about Henry's actions in the outcome of the dispute?
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Henry begged for forgiveness and was readmitted to the Church
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What was the purpose of the sacraments?
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Entry way to heaven
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What are the seven sacraments?
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Baptism, Eucharist, Extreme unction, confirmation, holy orders, penance, matrimony
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What places did Christian pilgrims travel to when they made their pilgrimages?
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Jerusalem, Rome, and Cantebury
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Why did pilgrims make such journeys?
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Show their devotion to god, as an act of penance for their sins, and in hopes of being cured of an illness
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What challenges did pilgrims face on their journeys?
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Traveled by foot, so robbers were a constant threat
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What were the Crusades?
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Series of military expeditions to the land where Jesus had lived
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Why did European Christians organize the crusades?
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Recover Jerusalem and other sites of pilgrimage in that region
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Why was most art in the Middle Ages religious in nature.
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Helped people worship because most people couldn't read
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What were two advances in education?
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Developed a new form of writing and started universities
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What subjects did students study at university?
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Grammar, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music
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Why did Church leaders fear Aristotle's ideas?
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Might lead people to question its teachings
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Where does the word "holiday" come from?
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Holy day
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What type of things did Christian holidays celebrate?
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Birth and resurrection of Jesus and Christian saints
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What were some of the ways in which people celebrated religious holidays?
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Attended church services, feasts, bonfires, acrobats, jugglers, dancing bears, and plays
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Where did Monks live?
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Dormintories in Monastaries
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What promises/sacrafices did Monks make to join the order?
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Poverty, charity, and obedience
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How did Monks spend their time?
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Went to church 8 times a day, copied religious texts, prayed, study, and farmed
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Where did Friars live?
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Traveled among the people
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What promises/sacrafices did friars make to join the order?
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Faith, charity, love to god, and lived in complete poverty
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How did Friars spend their time?
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Traveled, prayed, begged, and cared for the sick and poor
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What was at the center of nearly every community?
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The Church
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How was the Roman Catholic Church able to acquire power by 1050?
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The largest land holder
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What are the seven Catholic sacraments?
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Baptism, Eucharist, Extreme Unction, Confirmation, Holy Orders, Penance, and Matrimony
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What were two extraordinary acts of devotion that an individual could do to show their faith?
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Pilgrimages and Crusades
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What did students at universities study?
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Grammar, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music
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Who was Thomas Aquinas?
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An Italian scholar of philosophy and theology
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What did Thomas Aquinas try to do?
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Bridged the gap between reason and faith
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Who was Saint Benedict?
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Man who developed the monastic way of life in western Europe
