Chapter 22, Section 2 – Flashcards
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Louis Pasteur
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French scientist who linked germs to disease and developed a pasteurization process to kill germs in milk
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Robert Koch
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German doctor who identified the bacterium that caused tuberculosis
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Florence Nightingale
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Mother of modern nursing, Improved hygiene in field hospitals during the Crimean War. She insisted upon strict sanitary conditions, saved lives during Crimean War, on the British side, and helped make nursing a profession of trained middle class women.
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Joseph Lister
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English surgeon who was the first to use antiseptics
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germ theory
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the theory that infectious diseases are caused by certain microbes
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urban renewal
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the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums
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mutual-aid society
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Formed by workers; self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers
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standard of living
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a measure of how comfortable life is for a person, group, or country
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tuberculosis
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a respiratory disease that claimed around 30 million lives in the 1800's
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doctors could experiment with surgeries that had never before been possibe
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William Morton introduced anesthesia to relieve pain in surgery
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There was a marked drop in the rate of disease and death in industrialized nations.
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People ate better, sanitation improved, and there were medical advances.
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Millions of new residents flocked to live in the cities.
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Industrialization progressed and more jobs were available in cities.
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Paris city planners built wide boulevards and splendid public buildings in the 1850's.
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The project put many people to work and decreased the threat of social unrest. It also rebuild a poor area of Paris.
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Governments passed laws regulating conditions in factories and mines.
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Governments were pressured by unions, reformers, and working-class voters to improve conditions for workers.
