Chapter 2 Psych – Flashcards
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Cody is the star pitcher for his high-school baseball team. His father is a retired minor league baseball pitcher, and his mother played softball in college. The epigenetic view of development would say that Cody's pitching ability is the result of?
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combination of heredity and environment
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______ is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily change?
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Puberty
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Which of the following statements about puberty is false?
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Puberty cannot be distinguished from adolescence
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Which of the following is a determinant of puberty?
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All of these choices are correct
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Stacey is 12 years old. Stacy is probably?
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Going through puberty
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Puberty takes place between ages__ for most youth?
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9 and 16
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Chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream are known as?
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Hormones
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_____ are the main class of sex hormones in males; and _____ are the main class of female sex hormones?
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Androgens; estrogens
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The main androgen that plays an important role in male pubertal development is?
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Testosterone
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The main estrogen that plays an important role in female pubertal development is?
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Estradiol
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Robert, age 14, is experiencing a rise in testosterone. Which of the following changes would Robert NOT expect to experience?
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Decrease in sexual desire
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Sally, age 15, is experiencing a rise in estradiol. Which of the following changes would Sally expect to experience?
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uterine development
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Which of the following structures is involved in puberty?
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Gonads
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One of the two hormones secreted by the pituitary which regulates the levels of sex hormones is FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone); the other is?
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Luteinizing hormone
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Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the timing of puberty?
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BPH
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When the temperature in a room drops too low, the thermostat senses it and the furnace turns on. Once the temperature rises to a predetermined level, the furnace turns off. This is analogous to the way sex hormone levels operate on a?
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negative feedback sytem
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Doreen has a tumor on her adrenal gland. Doreen is likely to experience problems with her?
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Growth
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Which of the following statements about adrenarche is TRUE?
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These hormonal changes occur between the ages of 6 and 9 in girls
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Gonadarche is the period most people think of as?
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Puberty
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Judy and Justin are twins. Which of the following statements about their experiences with gonadarche is most likely to be TRUE?
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Judy will begin gonadarche one to two years before her brother
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The first menstrual period, which occurs in mid to late gonadarche, is known as?
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Menarche
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The first ejaculation of semen, which occurs in early to mid gonadarche, is known as?
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Spermarche
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Research shows a relationship between ______ and the onset of puberty?
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All of these choices are correct
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Which of the following is the BEST statement regarding the role of leptin in the onset of puberty?
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Leptin could either bring about the onset of puberty or could be the result of changes that occur during puberty.
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Meaghan weighed 3 pounds, 2 ounces at birth but gained weight rapidly. She weighed 21 pounds at the end of her first year of life. Research indicates that Meaghan will probably experience menarche?
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five to ten months earlier than her normal birth weight peers
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Which of the following early experiences has been linked to early pubertal onset?
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child maltreatment
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Early menarche has been linked to?
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A father's daughter from the home
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Lucy has grown up in a home with her biological mother and father and enjoys a middle socioeconomic class lifestyle. Joan has grown up with her adoptive parents and, although her family is fairly wealthy, her father has struggled with alcoholism for years. Kathy's parents have a poor relationship, low socioeconomic status, and her father frequently leaves the home for weeks at a time. Which of these girls will probably experience puberty FIRST?
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Kathy
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Which of the following statements regarding the growth spurt is TRUE?
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The beginning of the growth spurt for girls is age 9.
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At the peak of her weight gain in adolescence, Maud, age 12, gained 18 pounds in one year. Research on weight gain during adolescence would indicate that Maud's weight gain is?
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Averge
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Which of the following statements about weight and skeletal changes in adolescence is NOT true?
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Boys' increase in shoulder width is associated with an increase in cortisol.
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Which of the following male pubertal characteristics develops LAST?
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Growth of facial hair
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Three of the most noticeable signs of sexual maturation in boys are growth of facial hair, penis elongation, and?
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Testes development
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Which of the following female characteristics is an EARLY sign of pubertal development?
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Breast enlargement
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Claudia, age 13, has irregular menstrual cycles. Her pediatrician tells her mother that Claudia is probably not ovulating at every cycle. What should Claudia and her mother know about this information?
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This is expected in early development
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The term used to describe the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty is?
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Precocious puberty
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Which of the following statements regarding precocious puberty is NOT true?
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It is diagnosed when pubertal onset occurs before age eleven in boys.
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Allison, age 7, has begun to show signs of breast development and pubic hair. Allison could be diagnosed with?
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Precocious puberty
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The term "secular trend" refers to?
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patterns of pubertal onset over historical times.
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Several times a day, Leilani, age 13, flips open her mirror and scans her face for any blemish that might have appeared. From what you have learned about body image, Leilani's behavior is?
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normal for her age
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Recent research on body image in adolescence has found all of the following EXCEPT?
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overall health is not affected by body image
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Ryan, age 17, has a tattoo of an eagle on his bicep. If he is like the majority of students with tattoos, Ryan is?
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A good student
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In adolescent girls, increased levels of estrogen are linked to?
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Depression
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Which statement about hormones and adolescent behavior is NOT TRUE?
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Hormones and behavior interact together to produce behaviors.
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Research on the timing of puberty has indicated?
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Late maturing males had a more negative body image in early high school than early maturing males
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Which of the following factors can activate or suppress various aspects of the hormonal system?
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All of these choices are correct
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Which of the following statements regarding early-maturing boys is TRUE?
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It is an advantage to be an early-maturing boy.
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Recent research on early-maturing girls has found that?
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All of these choices are correct
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Caryn matured early as an adolescent; her friend Wendy was a late-maturing adolescent. Research shows that, as adults?
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Caryn is more likely to have a higher body mass index than Wendy
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Which of the following statements about the effects of puberty is NOT true?
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Biological changes are the dominant influences on adolescence
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Despite the fact that the United States has become a health-conscious nation, many adolescents?
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All of these choices are correct
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Unprotected sexual intercourse is considered a health-_____ behaviour?
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Compromising
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Wearing seat belts and eating nutritious foods are considered health-_____ behaviors?
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Enhancing
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Which of the following has research found to be positively related to promoting adolescents' health - enhancing behavior?
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secure attachment to parents
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High risk-taking behavior in adolescents has been linked to?
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hanging out with peers in unstructured contexts
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The part of the brain involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control is the?
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Prefrontal cortex
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The part of the brain involved in emotions is the?
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Amygdala
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Which of the following strategies has been proposed to help adolescents satisfy their need for risk taking without compromising their health?
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All of these choices are correct
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Claire is a 14-year-old African-American girl. If Claire is like most African-American girls?
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All of these choices are correct
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Which of the following is NOT a barrier to better health care for adolescents?
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health-care providers' commitment to confidentiality
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The three leading causes of death in the United States for adolescents and emerging adults are homicide, suicide, and?
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Accidents
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Shane, age 19, died in a motor vehicle accident in which he was the driver. Of the following conditions, which is the LEAST likely to have caused Shane's accident?
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his inexperience as a driver
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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Since 1950 the suicide rate in the United States has quadrupled
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Kaylee, age 22, has a cup of coffee for breakfast, skips lunch on most days, and eats a huge dinner. She is slightly overweight but does not exercise. She admits to getting by with only a few hours of sleep on weeknights but insists that she makes up for this by "sleeping in" on the weekends. Kaylee's lifestyle is?
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fairly typical of someone in emerging adulthood
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Which of the following statements regarding nutrition among adolescents is TRUE?
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Adolescents in the U.S. are decreasing their intake of fruits and vegetables.
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Christine's parents buy fresh fruits and vegetables and have them available for her and the rest of the family. In addition, her parents like these foods. According to recent research, Christine is?
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likely to eat fruits and vegetables
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A special concern is the amount of ______ in the diets of American adolescents?
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Fat
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Todd is 10 years old and his brother, Jonah, is 16. If they are like most boys their ages?
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Todd gets more exercise than Jonah
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Which of the following factors has been linked to higher physical activity levels for adolescents?
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having parents who thought exercise was important
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Which of these adolescents is likely to exercise the MOST?
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Karla, a 14-year-old girl living in Germany
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All of the following are health benefits of exercise EXCEPT?
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lower incidence of Type 1 diabetes
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Exercise in adolescents has been linked to?
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All of these choices are correct
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Three contextual factors that influence whether or not adolescents engage in regular exercise are influence of the family, use of TV/computers, and?
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influence of school
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Which of the following statements about adolescents and sports is TRUE?
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Adolescents who spend time in sports are less likely to take drugs than their counterparts who are not involved in sports.
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Ray, age 16, plays hockey in the winter and baseball in the spring and summer. Compared to his peers who do not play sports, Ray is more likely to?
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All of these choices are correct
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The female athlete triad involves a combination of weight loss, absence of menstrual periods, and?
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Osteoporosis
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Amanda is a star athlete on her high-school swimming team. Recently she has developed weight loss, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Amanda has the classic symptoms of?
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female athlete triad
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Research on sleep patterns in adolescence have found all of the following to be true EXCEPT?
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optimal sleep in adolescents is approximately seven hours per night
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Research has shown that, given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep about how many hours each night?
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9.5
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The sleep-related hormone secreted at night is?
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Melatonin
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Which of the following has not been proposed as a cause of adolescent's sleep debt?
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Social pressures
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1. Starting school later for older adolescents has been shown to?
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Improve test scores
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The evolutionary process that favors the individuals of the species that are best adapted to survive and reproduce is known as?
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Natural selection
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Dr. Dutch studies adaptation and reproductive patterns to explain human behavior. Dr. Dutch is most likely?
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An evolutionary psychologist
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Which of the following topics would be of interest to an evolutionary psychologist?
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All of these choices are correct
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Albert Bandura has criticized the evolutionary perspective of psychology because it doesn't give enough emphasis to the role of?
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culture
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DNA, the complex molecule that contains genetic information, is carried on?
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Chromosomes
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All of the following is true of genes EXCEPT? they are located on segments of DNA.
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they have their own specific functions
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The Human Genome Project recently revised its original estimate of the number of genes that human beings have. The new estimate is approximately?
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21,500
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Which of the following statements about the working of genes is NOT true?
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Each gene programs one protein.
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Brendan is 6 feet tall, and has red hair and green eyes. His cousin, Connor, is 5 feet, 6 inches tall, and has brown hair and brown eyes. Both boys are described as friendly and outgoing. These descriptions of genetic expression are known as their?
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Phenotypes
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A person's genetic heritage is called his or her?
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Genotype
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Expression of a certain trait or characteristic is partly due to genetics and partly shaped by?
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Life experiences
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You meet a scientist who tells you that she studies the extent to which heredity and environment impact individual differences in human traits and development. This scientist works in the field of?
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behavior genetics
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Kyle and Karen are twins. Because they are brother and sister, you know that they are?
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Fraternal twins
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You learn that your new friends, Connie and Crystal, are identical twins. You now know that they?
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developed from a single fertilized egg which then split into two; from there two separate people developed
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Twin studies have found that _____ twins are more alike than ____ twins?
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Monozygotic; dizygotic
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Adoption studies seek to discover the role of _______ on behaviour?
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Environment
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Behavior geneticist Sandra Scarr identified different ways in which heredity and environment correlate. Which of the following is NOT a pattern she described?
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Reactive
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Which of the following best exemplifies an evocative genotype-environment correlation?
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Parents suggest music lessons for their musically talented children.
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Ben and Alex, ages 12 and 14, live with their biological parents in a middle-class neighborhood. This is an example of?
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shared environment experience
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The fact that siblings living in the same house, with the same parents can be very different from each other may be due to?
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nonshared environment experience
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Which of the following statements regarding environmental experience is TRUE?
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Heredity influences the nonshared environment of siblings.
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The emerging view of the role of genetics and environment is that many complex behaviors likely have some?
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All of these choices are correct
