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1. Gestalt therapy was developed by:

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Frederick (Fritz) Perls.

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2. According to Carl Rogers, a child who did not receive unconditional positive regard in early life is likely to acquire:

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conditions of worth.

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3. Cognitive therapists guide clients to challenge their own dysfunctional:

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thoughts

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Depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters ________ and ________.

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serotonin; norepinephrine

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Huntington's disease has been traced to a loss of cells in the:

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B. basal ganglia.

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6. In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as:

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paradigms

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7. ___________ theorists believe that people are motivated mainly by a need to have relationships with others and that severe problems in the relationships between children and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development.

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D. Object relations

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8. In which of the paradigms of abnormal psychology is the role of the therapist thought to be that of a teacher?

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D. the behavioral model

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9. The example of a young boy developing a fear of sand because there is a sandbox in the yard where a dog barks and lunges demonstrates a principle of:

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C. classical conditioning.

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10. The oldest and most famous of the modern psychological models is the ____________ model.

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psychodynamic

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11. Which is not one of the three types of biological treatments used today?

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B. insulin coma

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12. According to Freud, the id operates in accordance with the ___________ principle.

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pleasure

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13. According to psychodynamic theorists, when people behave with their therapist the way they interacted with their parents, they are demonstrating:

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transference

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14. __________ are chemicals released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream.

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Hormones

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15. Which is an inaccurate statement about the role of genes in abnormal behavior?

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A. Genes probably play no part in mental disorders.

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16. Which of the following minority groups of individuals in the United States are more likely to stop therapy sooner than white Americans?

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A. Native Americans

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17. What is the main difference between group therapy and a self-help group?

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B. In group therapy there is a trained therapist who leads the interaction, while a self-help group is conducted by people who share a similar problem without the help of a professional clinician.

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18. Which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is "accidental" and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?

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A. the psychodynamic model

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19. The basic premise of family therapy is:

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A. the entire family is viewed as the unit of treatment, even if only one of the members receives a clinical diagnosis.

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20. Which contemporary psychodynamic approach holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients--figures whose reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?

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D. relational psychoanalytic therapy

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1. Albert Bandura argued that in order to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:

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B. self-efficacy.

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2. According to Freud, ___________ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.

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A. fixation

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3. Which of the following psychological difficulties are more highly reported by those in the American Indian population as compared with white Americans?

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A. "serious psychological distress" B. "extreme sadness" C. "high alcoholism

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4. Which of the following would be the type of prevention that seeks to provide effective treatment as soon as it is needed so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems?

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C. tertiary prevention

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5. The _____________ helps to regulate emotions and memory.

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hippocampus

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6. Behavioral therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of:

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learning

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7. Which perspective is the most controversial in the clinical field of mental abnormality?

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evolutionary

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8. Cybertherapy raises concerns about all of the following except:

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A. legal obligations to pay for services.

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9. According to Freud, the _______ is the psychological force that represents a person's conscience.

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superego

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10. The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is the:

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synapse

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11. A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:

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C. systematic desensitization.

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12. According to the psychodynamic model, someone who unconsciously refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating:

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resistance

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13. ___________ therapy suggests that people have two options with their lives - to face up to our own "being" and to give meanings to our lives or to shrink and hide from that responsibility.

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Existential

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14. One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of:

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C. a professional therapist.

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15. Psychotropic medications were developed in the ________, and since then have greatly changed the outlook for a number of mental disorders. Today they are used widely, either alone or with other forms of psychotherapy.

answer

50's

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16. When a 3-year-old boy climbed over a barrier at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois in 1996 and fell into a gorilla compound, clinical theorists had a field day interpreting which of the events that took place after the boy fell?

answer

C. A 160-pound gorilla picked up the boy, protected him, and carried him to rescue workers unharmed.

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17. According to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is __________, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.

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overgeneralization

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18. According to the __________ model, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth.

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humanistic

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19. Some research has suggested that _________ has been linked to exposure to certain viruses during childhood or before birth.

answer

schizophrenia

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20. Which of the following is not described by your text as being a part of the cerebrum?

answer

hypothalamus

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