Chapter 2 – Chemistry – Flashcards
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| What is molar mass? |
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| The number of grams in one mole of an element. |
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| What is molar mas numerically equal to? |
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| The atomic mass of the element. |
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| How is the molar mass written? |
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| g/mole |
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| What is a mole defined as being? |
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| 6.02 x 10 ^23 |
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| What is Avogadro's Number? |
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| The number of atoms present in 1 mole of atoms. |
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| What is the number of Avogadro's Number? |
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| 6.02 x 10 ^23 |
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| What effect do protons have on electrons? |
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| They take energy away from electrons. |
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| What is true about electrons closer to the nucleus? |
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| They have lower energy the closer they are to the nucleus. |
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| What do electrons do because they have energy? |
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| They are constantly moving in the electron cloud. |
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| What is the reason we can only have a certain number of electrons in an energy level? |
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| The repulsion between negative electrons. |
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| What is true about the energy of electrons in similar energy levels? |
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| Electrons in the same energy level possess similar energies. |
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| What energy levels do electrons occupy first? |
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| The lowest; closest to the nucleus. |
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| How do you tell the number of element's valence electrons? |
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| Their group number if they are part of the group A elements. |
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| What is the valence shell? |
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| The highest energy level containing electrons is known as the valence shell. |
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| What are valence electrons? |
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| The electrons found in the outer most energy level; the valence shell. |
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| What is responsible for chemical reactivity in elements? |
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| The valence electrons. |
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| What do valence electrons cause? |
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| Chemical reactivity. |
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| Element 1 |
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| H; Hydrogen, group 1A |
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| Element 2 |
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| He; Helium. group 8A |
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| Element 3 |
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| Li; Lithium, group 1A |
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| Element 4 |
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| Be; Beryllium, group 2A |
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| Element 5 |
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| B; Boron, group 3A |
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| Element 6 |
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| C; Carbon, group 4A |
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| Element 7 |
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| N; Nitrogen, group 5A |
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| Element 8 |
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| O; Oxygen, group 6A |
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| Element 9 |
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| F; Fluorine, group 7A |
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| Element 10 |
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| Ne; Neon, group 8A |
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| Element 11 |
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| Na; Sodium, group 1A |
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| Element 12 |
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| Mg; Magnesium, group 2A |
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| Element 13 |
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| Al; Aluminium, group 3A |
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| Element 14 |
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| Si; Silicon, group 4A |
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| Element 15 |
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| P; Phosphorous; group 5A |
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| Element 16 |
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| S; Sulfur; group 6A |
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| Element 17 |
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| Cl; Chlorine; group 7A |
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| Element 18 |
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| Ar; Argon; group 8A |
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| Element 19 |
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| K; Potassium; group 1A |
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| Element 20 |
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| Ca; Calcium; group 2A |
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| Which group is the Alkali metals? |
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| Group 1A |
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| What is group 1A? |
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| The Alkali metals |
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| Which group is the Alkaline earth metals? |
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| Group 2A |
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| What is group 2A? |
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| The Alkaline earth metals |
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| What is group 7A? |
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| The Halogens |
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| What is group 8A? |
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| The Noble gases |
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| Which group is the Halogens? |
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| Group 7A |
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| Which group is the Noble gases? |
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| Group 8A |
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| What does period number represent? |
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| The outermost energy level that contains valence electrons. |
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| How do you find out the outermost energy level? |
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| Period number. |
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| What is the smallest thing to give the properties of an element? |
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| An atom. |
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| What does an atom give the the properties of? |
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| An element. |
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| What are the different properties of matter? |
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| Physical and chemical properties. |
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| What is a physical change? |
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| A change in form or otherwise, but no change in actual composition of the substance or element. |
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| What is a chemical change? |
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| A change in the composition, changing one substance into another. |
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| What is density? |
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| The mass of a substance per unit volume. (mass is always grams) |
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| Represent density in a formula. |
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| D = m/v |
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| What are the different volumes for states of matter? |
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| Gas = 1 L; Liquid = 1mL; Solid = cm^3 or mL |
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| What is amu relative to? |
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| Carbon-12 atom |
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| What are compounds? |
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| Two or more elements chemically combined. |
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| What do chemical formulas identify? |
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| The type and number of atoms of each of the elements in a compound. |
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| What is the atomic mass unit? |
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| The amu is a unit used to identify the mass of an atom. |
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| How much does a proton weight? |
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| 1 amu. |
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| How much does a neutron weight? |
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| 1 amu. |
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| What is mass number? |
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| Number of protons + number of neutrons. |
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| What is symbolic notation |
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| Used to represent an atom's atomic symbol, mass number, and atomic number. Mass number on top, atomic number on bottom. |
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| What element can be found in combination with other elements in virtually all living substances? |
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| Carbon. |
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| What are subatomic particles? |
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| The small parts that organize to form atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
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| What are the small parts that organize to form atoms: proton, neutrons, and electrons? |
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| Subatomic particles. |
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| What is the relative mass of an electron? |
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| 0.0005 |
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| What is the relative mass of a proton? |
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| 1 |
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| What is the relative mass of a neutron? |
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| 1 |
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| What is an atomic mass unit (amu)? |
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| The small unit of mass used to quantify the mass of very small particles. |
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| What is the small unit of amss used to quantify the mass of very small particles? |
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| The atomic mass unit (amu) |
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| What is 1 amu equal to? |
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| 1/12 of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons. |
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| What are isotopes? |
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| Atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. |
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| What are atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons? |
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| Isotopes. |
