Chapter 14-Practice Questions 2 – Flashcards
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Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?
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microbes passing across the placenta to the fetus
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Mutualism is a relationship
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that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other
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A protozoan and its resident bacteria invade the body of a worm. The bacteria release toxins and exoenzymes that immobilize and digest the worm, and the protozoan and bacteria absorb the nutrients produced. The relationship between the protozoan and the bacteria would best be described as
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mutualism
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The fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers, but in immunocompromised people it overgrows, resulting in severe respiratory problems. The fungus is best described as
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both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen
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Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?
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parenteral route
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Symptoms are
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subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel
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Axenic systems of the body include
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the kidneys
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In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?
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A pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated
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Which of the following statements regarding the demonstration of the etiology of disease is FALSE?
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The suspect agent must be the only potential pathogen present in disease cases
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Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota?
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Microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy
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Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens?
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treatment of a cancer patient with radiation
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Which of the following is considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system?
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both Candida and Lactobacillus
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Which of the following is an example of an exotoxin?
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neurotoxins
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Among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase, hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. Which of these factors contribute(s) to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body?
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hyaluronidase
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Which of the following stages of an infectious disease is the most severe?
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the illness period
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Which of the following is transmitted by the parenteral route?
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yellow fever
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Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?
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cockroach transmission of Shigella
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Which of the following is a sign of disease?
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fever
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A nosocomial disease is a disease acquired
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in a health care facility
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Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as
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iatrogenic infections
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Which of the following is a major source of disease transmission in the world?
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fecal-oral infection
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Acne is an example of a
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noncommunicable disease
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In early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza ("swine flu") in the United States. By the summer, the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the United States represents a(n) __________ disease
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epidemic
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The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means
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there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000
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The index case is the first case of a disease
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identified in a given area or population
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In the wake of the cyclone that hit Myanmar (Southeast Asia) in 2008, there were widespread reports of typhoid fever. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission?
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contaminated water
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Which of the following types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease?
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experimental epidemiology
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Aerosols may be involved in __________ transmission of pathogens
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droplet
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Fomites are
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inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens
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Which of the following pairings of microbe and disease was DISPROVEN using Koch's postulates
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Haemophilus influenzae and the flu
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a zoonosis?
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typhoid fever
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of a disease process?
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incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
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Which of the following is NOT considered a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen?
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via animals
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Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of
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pseudomembranous colitis
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Which of the following combinations of pathogen and virulence factor is correct?
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Streptococcus pyogenes and protein M
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A pathogen is best described as
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any microorganism that causes disease
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Microbes known as transient microbiota are
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organisms that remain in the body for a short time
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Opportunistic microorganisms are
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microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances
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Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as
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microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life
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The condition known as mutualism is
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a relationship between two organisms where both members benefit
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Commensalism is best described as
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a relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed
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The condition called parasitism is characterized as
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a relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other
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An axenic environment is one
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that is free of microbes
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The condition known as microbial antagonism may be defined as
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an unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes
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A reservoir is
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a source of microbial contamination
