Chapter 13 (combined) – Flashcards
85 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 85question
What name is given to the enormous network of communication, trade, and transference that the European colonial empires in the Americas generated?
answer
Columbian exchange
Unlock the answer
question
What are creoles?
answer
Persons of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberia?
answer
They Russified the region, with many native populations adopting the Russian language and converting to Christianity.
Unlock the answer
question
What motivated the Chinese to conquer Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet between 1680 and 1760?
answer
Security concerns
Unlock the answer
question
How did conquistadores who helped to carve out the Spanish Empire in the Americas describe their motivations for doing so?
answer
They went to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.
Unlock the answer
question
What was the Tupac Amaru revolt of 1780-1781?
answer
Native revolt in Peru
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following was an important outcome of Russia's substantial territorial conquests in the Baltic region, Poland, and the Ukraine during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
answer
It prompted an extensive program of Westernization.
Unlock the answer
question
Which two empires established the border between their states through the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689?
answer
Russian and Chinese empires
Unlock the answer
question
What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?
answer
Political rivalries between European powers motivated rulers to establish rival empires in the Americas.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following best describes Britain's initial approach to ruling over its North American settler colonies?
answer
It established joint stock companies and granted royal charters to wealthy individuals.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the fate of native Siberians in the three centuries between 1500 and 1800?
answer
The Russian Empire reflected the final triumph of agrarian civilization over the hunting and pastoral societies of the region.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best describes the encounter between Hindus and Muslims in India during the Mughal Empire?
answer
It began with an experiment in multicultural empire building and ended in growing antagonism between Hindus and Muslims.
Unlock the answer
question
In which major region of the Americas were Native Americans spared the impact of Eurasian diseases?
answer
No region was ultimately spared.
Unlock the answer
question
Which colony produced as many as forty separate groups to indicate different racial mixtures?
answer
Brazil
Unlock the answer
question
What similarity did the Russian Empire and those created by Western European powers in the Americas share?
answer
Both involved campaigns to convert the indigenous populations to Christianity.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements is true of Ottoman relations with the Christian West?
answer
Western Christian artists and thinkers on occasion represented the Ottoman Empire in a positive light.
Unlock the answer
question
What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?
answer
Europe sought direct access to Asian wealth in order to avoid reliance on Muslim intermediaries.
Unlock the answer
question
The colonies of which European power were the most cultural blended in the seventeenth century?
answer
Spain
Unlock the answer
question
What distinguished the Russian Empire from those created by Western European powers in the Americas?
answer
Russia created its empire at the same time that the modern Russian state was taking shape, whereas the Spanish and British had already established themselves as distinct states before conquering their empires.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of the "great dying" on Native Americans in North America?
answer
It was equally devastating, leading to a similar collapse in the population.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following was a consequence of the introduction of horses to the North American West?
answer
A male-dominated hunting and warrior culture displaced agricultural cultures in many areas.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best describes societies in the Americas following the Columbian exchange?
answer
Mixing of European, African, and Native American cultures created entirely new societies.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the process that built the Russian Empire?
answer
It was an extended process that took three centuries.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects Russian missionary efforts at conversion within its empire in comparison to similar efforts by Spanish authorities in Latin America?
answer
Russian authorities were more likely not to pursue conversion as intensely as their Spanish counterparts, if missionary activity threatened social stability.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following colonial regions saw significant migration of Europeans who wished to find a place to practice their religion without interference?
answer
British North America
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term benefits of the Atlantic network?
answer
It propelled Europe into an increasingly central and commanding role on the world stage.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish settlers as a social group in the lands of the Aztecs and Incas during the seventeenth century?
answer
The group was unbalanced by gender, with few native Spanish women in the Americas.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements is a true comparison of how Siberian peoples and Native Americans experienced empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
answer
Both Native Americans and Siberian peoples experienced devastating epidemics of new diseases for which they had little immunity.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes Europe's global position in 1450?
answer
Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects Russian consensus in the twenty-first century concerning their empire's identity?
answer
Russians even in the twenty-first century have not reached consensus on the empire's identity.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish colonial economy in the former lands of the Aztecs and the Incas?
answer
The economy was based on the twin pillars of mining and commercial agriculture.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following was an important impact that the Russian Empire had on Siberian pastoralists?
answer
They were pressured to abandon their nomadic lifestyles.
Unlock the answer
question
What name is given to the enormous network of communication, trade, and transference that the European colonial empires in the Americas generated?
answer
Columbian exchange
Unlock the answer
question
What was the term for the children of Portuguese African unions in Brazil?
answer
Mulatto
Unlock the answer
question
Which city-state emerged in the fifteenth century from two centuries of Mongol rule to build the Russian Empire?
answer
Moscow
Unlock the answer
question
Who was the greatest Mughal emperor who instituted sweeping policies of religious accommodation?
answer
Akbar
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best describes societies in the Americas following the Columbian exchange?
answer
Mixing of European, African, and Native American cultures created entirely new societies.
Unlock the answer
question
Which colony produced as many as forty separate groups to indicate different racial mixtures?
answer
Brazil
Unlock the answer
question
This colonial product, in great demand on the world market, was known as "soft gold."
answer
Fur
Unlock the answer
question
How was Central Asia transformed in the early modern era?
answer
It became a backward, impoverished region.
Unlock the answer
question
What was a significant factor that motivated Europeans to create their American empires?
answer
Impoverished nobles and commoners found opportunity for gaining wealth and status in the Americas.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following was a distinctive feature of racism in the United States as compared to Brazil?
answer
Any African ancestry, no matter how small or distant, made a person "black" in British North America.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberia?
answer
They Russified the region, with many native populations adopting the Russian language and converting to Christianity.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best describes the encounter between Hindus and Muslims in India during the Mughal Empire?
answer
It began with an experiment in multicultural empire building and ended in growing antagonism between Hindus and Muslims.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of the "great dying" on Native Americans in North America?
answer
It was equally devastating, leading to a similar collapse in the population.
Unlock the answer
question
At what point did the British colonies of North America first surpass in prominence on the world stage those of Spain and Portugal?
answer
Nineteenth century
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the fate of native Siberians in the three centuries between 1500 and 1800?
answer
The Russian Empire reflected the final triumph of agrarian civilization over the hunting and pastoral societies of the region.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following distinguished the construction of the Chinese empire between 1680 and 1760, from that of the Western European empires in the Americas?
answer
Qing officials sharply restricted Chinese settlers from many regions.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term benefits of the Atlantic network?
answer
It propelled Europe into an increasingly central and commanding role on the world stage.
Unlock the answer
question
From whom did the Europeans learn about large-scale sugar production?
answer
Arabs
Unlock the answer
question
How did children born of unions between Russians and native Siberians fit into society during the early modern era?
answer
They were generally absorbed into the Russian population.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements is true of the Christian communities that the Ottomans conquered?
answer
In many regions of the Balkans, Christians welcomed Ottoman conquest because taxes were lighter than under Christian rule.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes Europe's global position in 1450?
answer
Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the slave plantation society in British North America as compared to Brazil?
answer
By the 1860s, nearly all slaves in the United States had been born in the New World.
Unlock the answer
question
Why did many Russian migrants choose to settle in Siberia?
answer
They had access to better land.
Unlock the answer
question
Which empire brought together much of Hindu South Asia under Muslim rule?
answer
Mughal Empire
Unlock the answer
question
What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?
answer
Political rivalries between European powers motivated rulers to establish rival empires in the Americas.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects Spain's economic relationship with its American colonies?
answer
Despite Spanish efforts, smuggling allowed Spanish colonists to exchange goods with Spain's rivals, undermining the economic benefits of the colonial empire.
Unlock the answer
question
As part of his reforms, Peter the Great founded this city to be Russia's "window on the West."
answer
Saint Petersburg
Unlock the answer
question
What geographic advantage did Europeans have in their effort to found empires in the Americas?
answer
The fixed winds of the Atlantic blew steadily in the same direction.
Unlock the answer
question
How did conquistadores who helped to carve out the Spanish Empire in the Americas describe their motivations for doing so?
answer
They went to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following was an important impact that the Russian Empire had on Siberian pastoralists?
answer
They were pressured to abandon their nomadic lifestyles.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following was a consequence of the introduction of horses to the North American West?
answer
A male-dominated hunting and warrior culture displaced agricultural cultures in many areas.
Unlock the answer
question
For the mercantilist rulers of Europe, what did American colonies represent?
answer
Closed markets for manufactured goods
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements is a true comparison of how Siberian peoples and Native Americans experienced empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
answer
Both Native Americans and Siberian peoples experienced devastating epidemics of new diseases for which they had little immunity.
Unlock the answer
question
What position did Indians occupy in Spanish colonial societies?
answer
They were abused and exploited as the primary labor force of Spain's colonial empire.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following colonial regions saw significant migration of Europeans who wished to find a place to practice their religion without interference?
answer
British North America
Unlock the answer
question
What similarity did the Russian Empire and those created by Western European powers in the Americas share?
answer
Both involved campaigns to convert the indigenous populations to Christianity.
Unlock the answer
question
In which major region of the Americas were Native Americans spared the impact of Eurasian diseases?
answer
No region was ultimately spared.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberian societies?
answer
They came in such large numbers that they overwhelmed native populations, giving the region a Russian character.
Unlock the answer
question
What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?
answer
Europe sought direct access to Asian wealth in order to avoid reliance on Muslim intermediaries.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish settlers as a social group in the lands of the Aztecs and Incas during the seventeenth century?
answer
The group was unbalanced by gender, with few native Spanish women in the Americas.
Unlock the answer
question
What was encomienda?
answer
It was a legal system in Spanish America that granted groups of native people to work for settlers.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following became part of the Russian Empire in the early modern period?
answer
Siberia
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following colonial regions was most heavily settled by Europeans?
answer
British North America
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following distinguished the British colonial enterprise in the Americas from the Spanish?
answer
The Spanish enterprise started much earlier.
Unlock the answer
question
In the seventeenth century about how many indigenous hunting, gathering, and herding people lived in Siberia?
answer
Less than 250,000
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following features of society distinguished Britain from Spain in the seventeenth century?
answer
Only Britain possessed a parliament as a check on the authority of the monarch.
Unlock the answer
question
What was the Tupac Amaru revolt of 1780-1781?
answer
Native revolt in Peru
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish colonial economy in the former lands of the Aztecs and the Incas?
answer
The economy was based on the twin pillars of mining and commercial agriculture.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements best reflects European motivations for overseas expansion at the end of the fifteenth century?
answer
A wide variety of factors drove the rapid expansion.
Unlock the answer
