Chapter 12 - nurtition, NUtrition Chp 13, exam 11-13 - Flashcards

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A farmer in Iowa wants to control crop pests by using integrated pest management techniques. Based on this information, the farmer will use

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viruses that attack a variety of weeds.

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86. Which of the following statements is true?

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A. Pesticides help protect the food supply and keep food costs down.

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A farmer wants to control crop pests by using biologically based pesticides to attract and trap insect pests. This method of pest control is a form of

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A. integrated pest management.

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Which federal agency regulates the proper use of pesticides?

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B. EPA

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Which of the following pesticides controls the spread of molds that damage crops?

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C. Fungicide

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81. Which of the following pesticides kills mice and rats?

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D. Rodenticide

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The _____ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer.

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A. Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment

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The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is a direct food additive?

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High-fructose corn syrup

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The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an unintentional food additive?

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Pesticide residues

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The following substances were detected in a jar of baby food. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?

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Piece of glass

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The following substances were detected in a slice of enriched bread. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?

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Plastic wrap

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According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958,

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an additive that was in use and deemed safe prior to 1958 was placed on the GRAS list.

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_____ is a direct (intentional) food additive.

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FD&C Red No. 40

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Which of the following substances is an intentional food additive?

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pesticide residues

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Which of the following safety steps should you take if your home experiences a loss of electricity that lasts for several days?

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Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors

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After a tornado outbreak, Marie's house was damaged and her neighborhood experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity?

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Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours

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James and his five relatives live in New Orleans, Louisiana. For him and his family to survive a major hurricane, James wants to store enough clean water to last for about 5 days. Based on this information, he should store at least _____ gallons of bottled and sealed water.

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C. 30

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During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from

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A. the water tank of an intact toilet.

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During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the fluid from

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canned fruit juices

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During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from

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melted ice cubes that are in the freezer

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. During a disaster, it is safe to drink the water from

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undamaged water heaters

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How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it?

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C. Look for the Radura symbol on the package

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Which of the following food preservation methods treats the food with a high amount of energy that destroys the genetic material of pathogens?

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irridiating

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Which of the following food preservation methods draws water from cells, reducing the likelihood many pathogens can survive?

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C. Drying

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You have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea when you visit

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Calcutta india

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61. You have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea when you visit

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D. Mexico City, Mexico.

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The USDA recommends that egg custard be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

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160 degrees

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The USDA recommends that a salmon steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

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145 degrees

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The USDA recommends that a beef steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

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145 degrees

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The USDA recommends that fresh turkey be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

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165

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The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

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160

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The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

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145

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According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of

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165

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Which of the following statements is true?

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People who travel to Central and South America have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea.

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Jordan is an American who is traveling through India. Today, he's staying in home that's in a village about 50 miles southwest of New Delhi. To avoid traveler's diarrhea, Jordan should

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C. use bottled water to drink, wash hands, brush teeth, and take medication.

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Irina is an American who is traveling through Northern Africa. Today, she's staying with friends in a house that is 20 miles south of Cairo, Egypt. To avoid traveler's diarrhea, Irina should

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drink only water that has been boiled or is in a sealed bottle.

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Jillian is an American who is staying in a small town in Guatemala, Central America. To avoid traveler's diarrhea, Jillian should

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not drink fresh water.

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Kevin is an American who is staying in a hotel in Paris, France. To avoid traveler's diarrhea, Kevin should

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not be concerned because France is a low-risk country.

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Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?

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boiling the water

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A ____ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein.

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virus

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Which of the following types of pathogens is responsible for most cases of "traveler's diarrhea"?

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bacteria

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On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with

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Giardia

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_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork, bear, or seal meat.

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Trichinella

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_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked fish.

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Anisakis

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BJ wants to follow the "Check Your Steps" rules for food safety. When he prepares high-risk foods, he washes his hands before and after touching the food; sanitizes surfaces that come in contact with all foods; avoids cross contamination; cooks meats to their proper internal temperatures; and after meals, he keeps serving dishes with cooked food on the table, so his guests can nibble on the items. After eating one of his meals, he and his dinner guests developed a food-borne illness. Based on this information, which step did he fail to take?

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Chill

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Deon wants to follow the "Check Your Steps" rules for food safety. When he prepares high-risk foods, he washes his hands before and after touching the food, sanitizes surfaces that come in contact with all foods, avoids cross contamination, serves raw or barely-cooked meats, and refrigerates leftovers within 30 minutes after serving them. After heating one of his meals, Deon and his dinner guests developed a food-borne illness. Based on this information, which step did he fail to take?

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cook

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Jermaine wants to follow the "Check Your Steps" rules for food safety. When he prepares high-risk foods, he washes his hands before and after touching food, sanitizes surfaces that come in contact with foods, cooks raw foods to their safe internal temperatures, and chills leftovers within 30 minutes after serving them. After eating one of his meals, Jermaine and his dinner guests developed a food-borne illness. Based on this information, which step did he fail to take?

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Separate

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Felicia wants to follow the "Check Your Steps" rules for food safety. When she prepares high-risk foods, she avoids cross contamination, cooks raw foods to their safe internal temperatures, and chills leftovers within 30 minutes after serving them. After eating one of her meals, Felicia and her dinner guests developed a food-borne illness. Based on this information, which step did she fail to take?

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clean

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Franco made dinner for his roommates. The meal included a baked cut-up chicken, fruit salad, and stir-fried rice with mixed vegetables. About 8 hours after eating dinner, Franco and his roommates experienced nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and diarrhea. Based on this information, Franco probably

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did not wash the knife that he used to cut up the chicken before using it to cut up the fruit.

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Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

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marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken and uses the marinade to make a dipping sauce for the chicken.

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Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

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wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables.

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Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between

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40 and 140 degrees farenheit

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The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing and even death.

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Clostridium botulinum

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Which of the following foods is not a likely source of food-borne pathogens?

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Commercially-canned peaches

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Which of the following foods is not a likely source of food-borne pathogens?

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ready to eat cereal

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Which of the following foods is not a likely source of food-borne pathogens?

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Dried apricots

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Which of the following foods is frequently a source of food-borne pathogens?

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egg salad

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Which of the following foods often is not a common source of food-borne pathogens?

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White bread

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Three days after eating an undercooked hamburger patty at a picnic, Grace experienced intestinal cramps and bloody diarrhea. When Grace became too weak to walk, her roommate took her to the emergency room of a hospital. Grace required treatment for kidney failure. Based on this information, which of the following food-borne pathogens was most likely responsible for Grace's serious illness?

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E. coli O157:H7

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Which of the following food preservation methods is the most effective for destroying pathogens, including viruses?

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sterilization

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Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?

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raw chicken

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_____ are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death.

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aflatoxins

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. Which of the following statements is true?

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Raw ground beef is often a source of E. coli O157:H7.

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Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.

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20 seconds

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Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain

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Clostridium botulinum spores.

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Which of the following statements is true?

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A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.

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Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws?

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Food and drug administration

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Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates all domestic and imported food sold in interstate commerce?

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FDA

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Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates toxic substances and wastes to prevent their entry into foods?

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Environmental Protection Agencies

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Which of the following U.S. government agencies oversees the quality of drinking water?

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EPA

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Which of the following statements is true?

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Certain microbes produce poisonous chemicals that can cause food intoxication.

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Pathogens

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are disease causing microbes

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____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States.

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Norovirus

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Grace recently took a cruise onboard a luxury liner. A few days into her vacation, she developed signs of ____ infection, the most common food-borne illness in the United States.

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norovirus

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_____ often transmit pathogens to food.

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Cockroaches

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_____ often transmit pathogens to food.

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flies

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Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

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herbacides

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Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing?

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Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

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Anna enjoys grilling hamburgers, but she wants to reduce the chances that her food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps should she avoid?

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thawing the hamburger meat on the kitchen counter

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Harold grows apple trees on his small farm. He practices organic farming methods, so he doesn't use pesticides. This fall, he would like to make minimally-processed organic apple juice that does not contain preservatives. He wants to sell the beverage at the local farmer's market. Based on this information, Harold should _____ before bottling the juice to make it safe for consumers.

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pastuerize

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The process of pasteurization involves the use of

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heat to kill pathogens

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Which of the following statements is true?

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People who consume foods that contain the toxin produced by C. botulinum should seek immediate medical attention.

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Which of the following statements is true?

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People who consume the toxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 should seek immediate medical attention.

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Which of the following statements is true?

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Pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness.

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Which of the following homemade foods should never be tasted before boiling it for at least 10 minutes?

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canned corn

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Home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a dangerous toxin. To destroy the toxin, the food should be

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boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating.

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A low-birth weight newborn weighs less than ____ pounds

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5.5

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Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, sh should serve

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a small apple that has been cut into wedges

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Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

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morning sickness

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to reduce the rick of baby bottle caries, infants should be given

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only water at bedtime

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Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

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lose the extrusion reflex

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Compared to infant formulas, breast milk contains ___ per ounce

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more cholesterol

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Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her _____ now.

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stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

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Human milk is a rich source of

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linoleic acid

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During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed

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Eclampsia

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Reduced ____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging

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secretion of intrinsic factor

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IN the US, the diets of many school-age children supply too much

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sodium

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Lucinda is a healthy, physically active young woman whose energy requirement is 2750 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

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2750 Kcal

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Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contians

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folic acid

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Belva is 83 years of age. Her ______ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status.

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social isolation

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Cindy is pregnant with her first baby. Recently, she began to eat clay from a hole that she dug in her yard. Cindy's behavior is an example of

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Pica

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Major nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include ____ intakes.

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low calcium

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To encourage healthy eating practices among children, caregivers should

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have youngsters help select and prepare new foods

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Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to

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skip breakfast

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Corrina is a twenty-five year old pregnant woman. Her need for ____ is 50% high than before she became pregnant.

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Folate

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True/ False Depression in older adults often leads to weight loss and nutrient deficiencies

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true

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True/ False According to scientific research involving animals, increasing energy intake, taking DHEA supplements, and consuming megadose of vitamins can extend one's life.

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false

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During the first eight weekd after conception , a developing human being is an

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embryo

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The ____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother to her embryo/fetus

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placenta

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What can a pregnant woman do to control morning sickness?

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avoid foods with strong odors

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______ is swelling of the hands and feet that often occurs during pregnancy and is not considered serious

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edema

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Gestational diabetes

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increases the pregnant woman's risk of type 2 diabetes later in life

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A healthy baby born at 8 pounds should weigh how much at the one year mark?

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24 pounds

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Which nutrient is added to infant formulas to prevent a common type of anemia

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iron

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According to the AAP experts, infants should be offered solid foods when they are of what age

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6 months

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Food most likely to cause an allergic reaction in a child

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peanuts

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School-age children should engage in at least ____ minutes of activity each day

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60

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Most adelescent boys begin their major growth spurt when they are ____ years of age.

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12-15

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______ refers to declining organ functioning and increased vulnerability to diseases that occurs after a person reaches physical maturity

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senescence

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Which nutirent is most likely to be deficient in an older adult

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b-12

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The goal of "Let's MOve"

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reduce childhood obesity

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What is physical activity? Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles. Movement that results from any muscular contraction. Muscular activity of vital organs, especially the heart and lungs. Muscular activity that is planned and conducted for improving healthy

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Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles.

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Physical fitness is the ability to engage in high-intensity workouts by reaching one's maximum heart rate within 5 minutes of beginning the exertion. move joints beyond their normal range of motion. maintain maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, without warming up. perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired.

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perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired.

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Which of the following statements is true? In ribosomes, food undergoes oxidative degradation, releasing creatine phosphate and ADP. Under normal conditions, muscle cells rely on amino acids as their primary source of energy. In the cytoplasm, glycolysis generates oxygen and carbon monoxide molecules. In mitochondria, pyruvate molecules undergo complete degradation to form ATP.

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In mitochondria, pyruvate molecules undergo complete degradation to form ATP.

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Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic? Gardening Cycling Stretching Playing golf

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Cycling

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To boost his complex carbohydrate intake without adding much fat to his diet, Devon can eat cheese. peanut butter. doughnuts. pretzels

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pretzels

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By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of pernicious anemia. hemochromatosis. cardiovascular disease. thalassemia minor.

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cardiovascular disease.

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Hugh is a healthy man who is 25 years of age. Using this information, calculate his approximate target heart rate zone for vigorous-intensity physical activity. 153 to 180 bpm 137 to 166 bpm 165 to 213 bpm 128 to 147 bpm

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137 to 166 bpm

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Which of the following statements is true? Phosphocreatine provides about 85% of the energy needed to fuel muscles during endurance physical activities. During high-intensity exercise, the rate of fat oxidation decreases. Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles.

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During high-intensity exercise, the rate of fat oxidation decreases.

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Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production? Magnesium Vitamin C Iron Glucose

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Glucose

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According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may improve the performance of sprinters and weightlifters? Creatine Chromium Bee pollen Vitamin E

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Creatine

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Which of the following substances is an intentional food additive? Vitamin C Pesticide residues Fly eggs Dirt

answer

Vitamin C

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Which of the following statements is true? Boiling water for several minutes is not an effective means of purification. People who travel to Central and South America have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea. The water in swimming pools is safe to drink. Using a microstrainer filter is the best way to remove viruses from impure water.

answer

People who travel to Central and South America have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea.

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How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it? Look for the Radura symbol on the package Smell the food and note any "off" flavors Observe any unusual color changes in the food Test the food for nutrient losses

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Look for the Radura symbol on the package

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Anna enjoys grilling hamburgers, but she wants to reduce the chances that her food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps should she avoid? Thawing the frozen ground meat on the kitchen counter. Sanitizing the plate that she used to carry the raw hamburgers to the grill before using it again. Washing her hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds after touching the raw ground meat. Grilling the hamburgers until the internal temperature of the meat reached 160°F.

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Thawing the frozen ground meat on the kitchen counter.

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Which of the following foods is not a likely source of food-borne pathogens? Egg salad Dried apricots Chicken casserole Raw ground beef

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Dried apricots

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After a tornado outbreak, Marie's house was damaged and her neighborhood experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity? Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours Use a charcoal grill to cook foods to their proper internal temperatures in her kitchen Use water from a swimming pool or her car's radiator to wash her hands and dishes Serve foods from dented or bulging cans first

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Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours

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____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States. Rotavius Influenza Norovirus Hepatitis A

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Norovirus

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_____ often transmit pathogens to food. Snakes Birds Spiders Cockroaches

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Cockroaches

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Which of the following types of pathogens is responsible for most cases of "traveler's diarrhea"? Bacteria Protozoans Viruses Worms

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Bacteria

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A farmer wants to control crop pests by using biologically based pesticides to attract and trap insect pests. This method of pest control is a form of integrated pest management. conventional farming techniques. traditional pesticide practices. inorganic chemical pest protection.

answer

integrated pest management.

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Elsa is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Elsa weighed 195 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 25 20 30 15

answer

20

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Which of the following statements is true? The prenatal period includes lactation. People are in the "older adults" life stage when they are between 65 to 85 years of age. There are three life stages: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Young adults should learn about nutrition needs for different life stages, because the information will be helpful as they age.

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Young adults should learn about nutrition needs for different life stages, because the information will be helpful as they age.

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Infants _____ have a high risk of obesity. whose mothers are obese who obtain regular physical activity with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pounds that are given vitamin C supplements

answer

whose mothers are obese

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Which of the following statements is true? Longevity is a natural change that results when the human body reaches 85 years of age. People who experience more "wear and tear" of their bodies tend to live longer than people who do not experience as much wear and tear. Longevity results when a person does not wear out his or her digestive system by eating too much food. People whose cells are able to repair their damaged DNA may live longer than people whose cells do not have this ability.

answer

People whose cells are able to repair their damaged DNA may live longer than people whose cells do not have this ability.

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Dorothy is 86 years of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status. arthritis ethnic background frequent socializing with friends and family daily exercise regimen

answer

arthritis

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To improve their children's eating habits, caregivers should prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family. use the promise of desserts as a reward for eating vegetables. encourage children to eat at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables daily. discourage snacking.

answer

prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family.

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In the United States, the diets of many school-age children supply too much iron. sodium. potassium. calcium.

answer

sodium.

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During her 6th month of pregnancy, Miranda developed gestational hypertension. As a result of this condition, Miranda has a higher risk of giving birth to a _____ infant than a pregnant woman who does not experience hypertension. low-birth-weight post-mature high-birth-weight term

answer

low-birth-weight

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Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women? Gestational diabetes Iron-deficiency anemia Morning sickness Eclampsia

answer

Morning sickness

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Iliana is due to give birth to a girl in March. Before she became pregnant, IIiana weighed 135 pounds and was in the healthy BMI range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 35 to 45 40 to 50 30 to 40 25 to 35

answer

25 to 35

Chapter 12 – nurtition, NUtrition Chp 13, exam 11-13 – Flashcards

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