Chapter 12 AP World Vocab – Flashcards
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Hangzhou
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Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million
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Wendi
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Member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty
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Yangdi
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Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618
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Li Yuan
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Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassinatin of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu
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Changan
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Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million; larger than any other city in the world at the time
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Ministry of Rites
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Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars
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Jinshi
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Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office
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Pure Land
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Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddihism; popular among masses of Chinese society
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Chan
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Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation of appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society
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Zen
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Known as Chan in China; stressed meditation of appreciation of natural and artistic beauty
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Empress Wu
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Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhism establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state of religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created
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Wuzong
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Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian idealology
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Xuanzong
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Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion
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Yang Guifei
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Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt
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Zhao Kuangyin
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(r. 960-976) Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following the fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent
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Liao Dynasty
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Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song Dynasty in China
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Khitan
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Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century
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Zhu Xi
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(1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action
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Neo-Confucians
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Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences/
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Tangut
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Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern song; conquered by Mongols in 1226
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Xi Xia
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Kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry
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Wang Anshi
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Confucian scholar and cheif minister of Song empire in 1070s; introduced sweepin reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society
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Jurchens
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Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south
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Jin
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Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234
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Southern Song
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Rump state of the Song Dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history
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Junks
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Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula
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Flying Money
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Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency
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Footbinding
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Practice in Chinese societyto mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to household
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Li Bo
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Most famous poet of the Tang Era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings
