Chapter 1 Module 1 PQ – Flashcards
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Objective ontrospection requires: - metaphysical experiences - self-skepticicism about experiences - empiricism - reflection on the self
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Reflection on the self
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Sandi is a single mother living in a project in a poor section of the city. She has addiction issues and just lost custody of her three children. What type of mental health professional is most likely to get involved in Sandi's situation? - educational psychologists - psychiatrist - psychiatric social worker - counselor
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Psychiatric social worker
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Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a __________. - psychiatrist - psychoanalyst - humanistic psychologist - school psychologist
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Psychiatrist
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You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as 'free will' and 'self actualization'. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented? - behaviorism - humanism - functionalism - psychodynamics
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Humanism
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In the definition of psychology, the term 'mental processes refers to _____________. - internal, covert activities - outward behavior - overt actions and reactions - only animal behavior
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Internal covert activities
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In addition to describing and explaining mental processes and behavior, psychology also attempts to ______________ these phenomena. - predict and control - analyze and manipulate - categorize and organize - synthesize and regulate
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Predict and control
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The question "How can it be changed?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology? - description - explanation - prediction - control
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Control
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Psychologist who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best perform are interested in the goal of ____________. - description - explanation - prediction - control
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Prediction
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In the early part of the past century, psychologist who broke down thought processes into their basic elements and analyzed them were called structuralist. What term might we use to describe psychologist with similar interests today? - Gestalt - cognitive - behavioral - humanistic
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Cognitive
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The structuralists were important in the history of psychology because they: - examined consciousness and the structure of mental processes. - were the first to use brain-scanning techniques to learn about the structure of the brain. - realized the limits of introspection and focused on the structure of behaviors. - were strongly influenced by Charles Darwin.
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Examined consciousness and the structure of mental processes.
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If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the _________ perspective. - behavioral - sociocultural - psychodynamic - cognitive
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Sociocultural
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The school of psychology called 'structuralism' used a technique called ___________, which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences. - intervention - introspection - insight inventory - induction
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Introspection
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The work of Freud was built around __________. - a theory of personality that emphasizes the awareness of one's own cognitive processes. - a theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts. - a method of psychotherapy in which an observer carefully records and interprets behavior without interfering with the behavior. - a method of psychotherapy that emphasizes how maladaptive behaviors are learned through imitations of others and through cognitive expectations.
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A theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts
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The goals of psychology are to _______________. - explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind - understand, compare, and analyze human behavior - improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death - describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
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Describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
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A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of _____________. - description - explanation - prediction - control
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Explanation
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The question "When will it happen again?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology? - description - explanation - prediction - control
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Prediction
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Humanist Abraham Maslow suggests that when people reach self-actualization, they: - develop to their fullest potential - avoid negative consequences of behavior. - seek maximum reward for all of their behaviors. - learn from their mistakes and move on.
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Develop to their fullest potential
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In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by ______________. - William James - William Tell - Wilhelm Wundt - Sigmund Freud
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Who claimed that behavior is affected by reinforcement? - William James - Sigmund Freud - B. F. Skinner - Wilhelm Wundt
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B. F. Skinner
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A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class, does not turn in her homework, squirms around a lot in her seat, and swings her feet constantly. This is an example of which goal in psychology? - describing behavior - explaining behavior - predicting behavior - controlling behavior
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Describing behavior
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Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology? - the scientific study of behavior - the scientific study of mental processes - the scientific study of behavior and mental processes - the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
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The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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The question "Why is it happening?" refers to which of the following goals of psychology? - description - explanation - prediction - control
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Explanation
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John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of _____________. - behavior - the mind - the brain - consciousness
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Behavior
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Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches? - biophsychological - learning - cognitive - sociocultural
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Biophsychological
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What did Sigmund Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed? - free will - brain physiology - the unconscious mind - external consequences
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The unconscious mind
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The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology? - description - explanation - prediction - control
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Description
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A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a ____________. - psychiatrist - cognitive psychologist - psychiatric social worker - psychologist
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Psychiatrist
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Vido has a master's degree and is interested in working on the causes of poverty. What type of professional is Vido most likely to become? - educational psychologist - psychiatrist - school psychologist - psychiatric social worker
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Psychiatric social worker
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"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of ______________. - introspection - functionalism - psychoanalysis - Gestalt psychologists
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Psychoanalysis
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Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? - psychoanalysis - humanism - cognitive perspective - behaviorism
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Humanism
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Which of the following statements is correct? - A psychologist has no medical training. - A psychiatrist generally goes to graduate school, not medical school. - Psychiatric social workers can prescribe medication - An M.D. and a Ph.D. Are pretty much the same thing.
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A psychologist has no medical training.
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How our minds help us to adapt to the world around us was a primary question addressed by which early movement of psychology? - Behaviorism - Cognitivism - Functionalism - Structuralism
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Functionalism
