Ch 11 World History – Flashcards
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plebeians
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In an effort to alleviate social tensions this group was allowed to elect 2 and then later 10 tribunes.
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dictator
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During times of crisis the Romans would appoint an official with absolute power known as a
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generous
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the Roman policy toward conquered peoples was
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Persians
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The Roman policy of toleration and respect for conquered peoples was most similar to the
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Carthaginians
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In the early period of Roman expansion, the principle power in the western Mediterranean was the
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Sicily
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During the Punic Wars, the Romams first fought the Carthaginians over the most important source of grain in the western Mediterranean. Where was it?
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Punic Wars
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Rome's monumental struggle with the Carthaginians was known as the
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Carthaginians
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The turning point in Roman history was their struggle, in the Punic Wars, with the
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a siege formation that troops formed by surrounding themselves with their shields
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The testudo was
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enormous plantations
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Latifundia were
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Tiberius
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The tribune whose call for land reform led to his assassination in 132 B.C.E was
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Sided with social reformers who advocated redistribution of land, during civil war he marched into Rome, placed city under military occupation and hunted down his political enemies
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What did Gaius Marius do?
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Sulla
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The leader, supported by the Roman aristocrats, who led the slaughter of more than 10,000 of his political
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favored liberal policies and social reforms
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In regards to political philosophy, Julius Caesar
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centralized military and political functions, confiscated property from conservatives and gave it to his veterans/supporters, launched large scale building projects, extended Roman citizenship to peoples in imperial provinces
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After naming himself dictator in 46 B.C.E Julius Caesar did what?
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Actium
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Octavian was able to restore order to the Roman world with his victory in 31 B.C.E at
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Mark Antony and Cleopatra
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Augustus was able to reunify the empire after defeating his main rivals, who were
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Cleopatra
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The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was
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A monarchy disguised as republic
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The government established by Augustus Caesar consisted of what?
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developed local economies and states
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The Roman conquest of Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain did what for the empire
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Augustus
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The period known as the pax romana was started by
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pax romana
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the reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as the
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Tacitus
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the most important early Roman historian for the empire was
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12 tables
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the Romans had a long tradition of written law stretching back to 450 B.C.E and the creation of the
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Defendants were innocent until proven guilty, had right to challenge their accuser before a judge in a court of law, ability of judges to set aside laws that were inequitable
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What were the foundation of Roman Law?
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Mediterranean Sea
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When the Romans used the words mare nostrum they referred to
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the patriarchal nature of the Roman family
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The phrase pater familias refers to
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one-third
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By the second century C.E how much of the total population of the Roman Empire was represented by slaves?
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raised an army of 70,000 rebellious slaves
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In 73 B.C.E Spartacus
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Mars
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Zeus was to Jupiter as Ares was to
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the hearth
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Vesta was the Roman goddess of
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stoic
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the Roman thinker Marcus Tullius Cicero was best associated with what Hellenistic school of thought?
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stoicism
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The most prominent school of moral philosophy in Rome was
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a god closely identified with the sun and light in Zoroastrian mythology
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Mithras was
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Islam
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which of the following religions was not popular during the Roman Empire
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Jews
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From 66 to 70 C.E the Romans fought a bloody war with the
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a Jewish sect which looked for the appearance of a savior
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The Essenes were
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the anointed one
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Jesus of Nazareth's followers called him "Christ" which meant
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Jesus
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the phrase "the kingdom of God is at hand" is associated with
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Paul of Tarsus
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The leading figure of expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism was
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commoners
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Plebeians
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Hereditary aristocrats and wealthy classes that elected consuls
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Patricians
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wielded civil and military power, elected by assembly of patricians, served one year terms
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Consul
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officials who represented their interests in Roman government, they can intervene in political maters and can veto measures that they judged unfair
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Tribune
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school of moral philosophy established by Marcus Tullius Cicero
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Stoicism
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The monotheistic religion of the Jews
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Judaism
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northern Italian society that initially dominated the Romans, helped convey Greek concepts the expanding Romans
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Etruscans
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favored liberal policies and social reforms
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Julius Caesar
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Sided with social reformers who advocated redistribution of land, part of Roman army
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Marius
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a veteran foreign campaigns who allied with conservative and aristocratic classes, part of Roman army
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Sulla
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Leading figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism
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Paul of Tarsus
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prominent aristocrat and the most important early Roman historian for the empire
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Tacitus
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