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he asserted his rights as a Roman citizen

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Paul's case was transferred to Rome because

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Romulus and Remus

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According to legend Rome was founded by

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Etruscans

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During the early history, Rome was dominated by the

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consuls

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In the early stages of the Roman republic the patricians elected 2

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plebeians

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In an effort to alleviate social tensions this group was allowed to elect 2 and then later 10 tribunes.

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dictator

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During times of crisis the Romans would appoint an official with absolute power known as a

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generous

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the Roman policy toward conquered peoples was

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Persians

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The Roman policy of toleration and respect for conquered peoples was most similar to the

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Carthaginians

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In the early period of Roman expansion, the principle power in the western Mediterranean was the

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Sicily

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During the Punic Wars, the Romams first fought the Carthaginians over the most important source of grain in the western Mediterranean. Where was it?

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Punic Wars

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Rome's monumental struggle with the Carthaginians was known as the

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Carthaginians

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The turning point in Roman history was their struggle, in the Punic Wars, with the

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a siege formation that troops formed by surrounding themselves with their shields

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The testudo was

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enormous plantations

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Latifundia were

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Tiberius

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The tribune whose call for land reform led to his assassination in 132 B.C.E was

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Sided with social reformers who advocated redistribution of land, during civil war he marched into Rome, placed city under military occupation and hunted down his political enemies

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What did Gaius Marius do?

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Sulla

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The leader, supported by the Roman aristocrats, who led the slaughter of more than 10,000 of his political

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favored liberal policies and social reforms

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In regards to political philosophy, Julius Caesar

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centralized military and political functions, confiscated property from conservatives and gave it to his veterans/supporters, launched large scale building projects, extended Roman citizenship to peoples in imperial provinces

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After naming himself dictator in 46 B.C.E Julius Caesar did what?

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Actium

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Octavian was able to restore order to the Roman world with his victory in 31 B.C.E at

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Mark Antony and Cleopatra

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Augustus was able to reunify the empire after defeating his main rivals, who were

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Cleopatra

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The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was

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A monarchy disguised as republic

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The government established by Augustus Caesar consisted of what?

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developed local economies and states

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The Roman conquest of Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain did what for the empire

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Augustus

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The period known as the pax romana was started by

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pax romana

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the reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as the

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Tacitus

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the most important early Roman historian for the empire was

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12 tables

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the Romans had a long tradition of written law stretching back to 450 B.C.E and the creation of the

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Defendants were innocent until proven guilty, had right to challenge their accuser before a judge in a court of law, ability of judges to set aside laws that were inequitable

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What were the foundation of Roman Law?

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Mediterranean Sea

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When the Romans used the words mare nostrum they referred to

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the patriarchal nature of the Roman family

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The phrase pater familias refers to

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one-third

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By the second century C.E how much of the total population of the Roman Empire was represented by slaves?

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raised an army of 70,000 rebellious slaves

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In 73 B.C.E Spartacus

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Mars

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Zeus was to Jupiter as Ares was to

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the hearth

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Vesta was the Roman goddess of

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stoic

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the Roman thinker Marcus Tullius Cicero was best associated with what Hellenistic school of thought?

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stoicism

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The most prominent school of moral philosophy in Rome was

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a god closely identified with the sun and light in Zoroastrian mythology

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Mithras was

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Islam

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which of the following religions was not popular during the Roman Empire

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Jews

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From 66 to 70 C.E the Romans fought a bloody war with the

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a Jewish sect which looked for the appearance of a savior

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The Essenes were

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the anointed one

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Jesus of Nazareth's followers called him "Christ" which meant

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Jesus

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the phrase "the kingdom of God is at hand" is associated with

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Paul of Tarsus

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The leading figure of expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism was

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commoners

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Plebeians

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Hereditary aristocrats and wealthy classes that elected consuls

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Patricians

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wielded civil and military power, elected by assembly of patricians, served one year terms

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Consul

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officials who represented their interests in Roman government, they can intervene in political maters and can veto measures that they judged unfair

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Tribune

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school of moral philosophy established by Marcus Tullius Cicero

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Stoicism

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The monotheistic religion of the Jews

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Judaism

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northern Italian society that initially dominated the Romans, helped convey Greek concepts the expanding Romans

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Etruscans

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favored liberal policies and social reforms

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Julius Caesar

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Sided with social reformers who advocated redistribution of land, part of Roman army

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Marius

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a veteran foreign campaigns who allied with conservative and aristocratic classes, part of Roman army

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Sulla

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Leading figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism

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Paul of Tarsus

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prominent aristocrat and the most important early Roman historian for the empire

answer

Tacitus

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