BYU Health Part 1 Final Study Guide – Flashcards
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What type of risk factor is breathing in secondhand smoke?
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environmental
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You are influenced by your peers to not wear a safety belt when driving. What type of risk factor is being described?
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social
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Adam fails the test on the digestive system in class. He tells his teacher the reason he failed the test was that his mother had been too demanding that he do the household chores, so he had no time to study. What defense mechanism is he using?
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projection
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What is the correct order of needs as described by Maslow?
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physical needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
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Which of the following risk factors poses a health threat that would increase over time?
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eating fast foods every day
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Which of the following describes the physical and social conditions in which we live?
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environment
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Melinda is confused about what she should do because she feels like she has several voices talking to her and telling her to do different things. From which mood disorder does she most likely suffer?
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schizophrenia
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Of the following, which would be the LEAST reliable website for health information?
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www.medicine.com
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What is the most common mood disorder resulting in a constant state of sadness?
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depression
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A person who is living out of their car and has little to eat will mostly like function on what level of the Hierarchy of Human Needs?
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physical needs
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When making a decision, which of the following should a person not always consider?
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peers' opinions
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The ability to work with others best describes which of the following?
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social health
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Using your mind to develop thinking skills is an example of which of the following?
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mental health
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What are signs and symptoms of the stress response?
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increased heart rate, decreased digestion, increased breathing, increased energy
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Which of the following best describes Maslow's hierarchy?
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the needs must be met in order
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David does not do well in school because he can't read well, but he dreams of a college scholarship because of his excellent basketball abilities. What defense mechanism is David showing?
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compensation
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What is positive stress that allows us to get our work done at school or work?
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eustress
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Newlyweds Renee and Sam are on an extremely tight budget while Sam goes back to school, yet Renee continues to make expensive purchases, not controlling the family money. When Sam talks to Renee about it she throws a childlike temper tantrum. Which of the following defense mechanisms is she using during the tantrum?
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regression
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Wayne has a good job but finds it difficult to get out of bed in the morning because he has no energy and has been feeling sad. In fact, he has called in sick ten days in one month. From which mood disorder may he be suffering?
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depression
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In order to use the decision-making model effectively, what does one need to recognize first, before looking for possible solutions?
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problem
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You should compare the potential benefits of a decision against which of the following?
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its risks
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Which of the following identifies the well-being of your body, your mind, and your relationships with other people?
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health
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What is an action or condition that may negatively impact health?
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risk factor
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The "fight-or-flight response" is also called the
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stress response
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In what phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome does the body try to detect a change and start the fight-or-flight response to cope with it?
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alarm
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What is the major hormone that allows us to cope with stress but may also cause organ damage with chronic stress?
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adrenaline
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What are the effects of exercise on the bones?
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It increases calcium deposits in the bones.
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Brendan wants to improve the health of his heart. What type of exercise would you recommend to him?
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cardiovascular endurance
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If a person is experiencing constipation, what carbohydrate should they increase in their diet?
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cellulose
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What Body Mass Index range is normal for adults?
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20-27
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Which of the following activities provides the greatest aerobic benefits?
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swimming
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Why must all essential amino acids be present in the body at the same time for growth and repair to take place?
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Proteins cannot be made by the body if they are absent.
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What government agency has provided the public with dietary guidelines to help promote health and prevent disease?
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U.S. Department of Agriculture
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How many calories are provided by a salad dressing containing 23 fat grams?
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207
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What type of fat stimulates the liver to produce more cholesterol which can lead to the depositing of cholesterol in the blood vessels?
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saturated fat
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What is measured by the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
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the energy needs of the body at rest
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What type of carbohydrate is found in beans, grains, cereals, and potatoes and is easily broken down into glucose?
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starch
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Which vitamin found in citrus fruits and tomatoes is necessary for iron absorption, collagen formation, and increasing the function of the immune system?
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Vitamin C
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Bulimia is a condition described best by which of the following?
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a binge-purge regime to control weight
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Which statement best describes minerals and their function?
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Minerals build tissues and regulate body processes.
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What effect does exercise have on the body?
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It decreases the amount of cholesterol/fat in the blood vessels.
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Which carbohydrate is known as blood sugar and is needed by all body cells to produce energy?
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glucose
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Which of the following nutrients helps to build muscle, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, forms hormones, and antibodies?
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proteins
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What seems to be a major cause of eating disorders?
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low self-esteem
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Which disorder is related to OCD and causes a person to be overly concerned with a body defect?
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body dysmorphic disorder
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What mineral is needed for healthy bones and teeth, nerve impulse conduction, and muscle contraction?
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calcium
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of anorexia nervosa?
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increased sore throats and tooth decay
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Sue Jane tries to do thirteen sit-ups and then cannot do any more. What component of Sue Jane's fitness needs to be improved?
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endurance
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Andrea has been feeling very tired and she looks pale. What mineral should she take to increase the number of red blood cells her body produces as well as her oxygen-carrying capacity?
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iron
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Which disorder is characterized by a craving to eat non-foods due to a mineral deficiency?
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pica
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A man's weight is considered obese and harmful to his health if it is greater than which of the following body fat percentages?
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20%
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Which statement best defines "appetite"?
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desire for food
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Which of the following is NOT a function of fat?
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quick source of energy
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What type of body tissue burns the most calories, even when the person is sleeping?
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muscle
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Restaurants typically add too much of which of the following to food, resulting in higher calories?
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fat
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A one-ounce slice of boiled ham has 5 grams of fat and 5 grams of protein. What is the total number of calories found in the ham?
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65 calories
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If an athlete experiences low blood pressure, thirst, dry skin, and mental confusion, what nutrient may be lacking?
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water
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What disorder is associated with self-imposed starvation and an obsession with thinness?
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anorexia nervosa
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Which of the following nutrients provides the first source of energy for humans?
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carbohydrates
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What is a key change in the MyPlate servings guide over the old Food Guide Pyramid?
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increasing fruits and vegetables to half of the plate
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Which vitamin, found in many orange and green vegetables, helps the immune system, builds body tissues, and helps in mucous production?
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vitamin A
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Which of the following is a long-term benefit of aerobic exercise?
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decreased levels of stress
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Which of the following is NOT a function of water?
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production of hormones
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Robert tries to reach behind his back and finds out that he can't do it. What component of Robert's fitness needs to be improved?
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flexibility
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Suzie consumes 2,700 calories every day but requires only 2,300 calories to meet her energy needs. Over time, Suzie's calorie consumption may lead to what disorder?
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obesity
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What current factor negatively influences American health habits?
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a hurried lifestyle leading to many meals eaten away from home
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Which form of fat is normally produced by the liver, needed by all cells for strength, and can in high quantities lead to heart attacks?
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cholesterol
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Which medical condition is not related to one's nutrition?
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bronchitis
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What is one of the most important methods of resolving family conflicts?
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using good communication skills
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What is major advantage for NOT having a steady boyfriend or girlfriend?
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It allows you to experience different relationships before making a decision.
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Which of the following behaviors is not involved in effective communication?
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being angry
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Which of the following is a behavior that helps people develop friendship?
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being willing to compromise
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Which of the following forms of communication tends to lead to escalated conflicts because the person is focusing on his or her own needs in a very forceful manner?
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aggressive
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Which of the following statements about friendships is not correct?
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A lack of friendships has little effect on the development of an individual's communication skills.
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Feeling the need to conform to the expectations of friends is known as which of the following?
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peer pressure
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Which of the following is based on mutual trust, acceptance, and common interests or values?
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friendships
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Which of the following is not a reason why friendships are important?
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They help develop rigid gender roles.
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Which form of communication is used by someone who acknowledges the feelings on both sides while defending their own ideas and needs?
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assertive
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What is the ability to understand how a person may feel in a given situation called?
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Empathy
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What is best described by the exchange of information?
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communication
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Which of the following is NOT true about healthy friendships?
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they encourage you to stay the same
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The phrases, "Tell me more about it" or "Then what happened?" are examples of what?
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active listening
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What is saying, "I'm upset because I had to go to the library alone"?
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"I" message
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The behaviors and attitudes that are socially accepted as either masculine or feminine are known as which of the following?
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gender roles
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What is the legal procedure by which a child is taken into a family to be raised in the same way as a child born to the parents?
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adoption
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Which of the following organs transports sperm from the epididymis?
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vas deferens (ductus deferens)
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What is the union of sperm and egg to form a zygote?
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fertilization
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Which of the following is a correct statement about labor?
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It is the work of pushing out the fetus.
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What stage of labor typically lasts from half an hour to two hours and involves the actual delivery of the baby?
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stage 2
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What happens during the second stage of labor?
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delivery of the infant
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What hormone is produced after ovulation by the corpus luteum of the ovary to continue the development of the inner lining of the uterus?
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progesterone
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Which of the following is a function of testosterone?
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increased muscle and bone growth
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Which of the following contraceptive uses hormones to prevent pregnancy and requires a prescription for use?
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oral contraceptives
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Which organ forms the corpus luteum?
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ovary
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What is the inner lining of the uterus called?
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endometrium
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Which organ made during pregnancy provides nutrients to and removes wastes from the fetus as well as producing hormones to help maintain the pregnancy?
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placenta
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Where are sperm produced?
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testes
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After how many weeks is an embryo known as a fetus?
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eight
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The male structure that corresponds to the female clitoris is which of the following since they both contain erectile tissue?
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penis
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Which tube-like structure can transport sperm and urine (but not at the same time)?
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urethra
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Which organ produces estrogens?
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ovary
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What stage of labor lasts from fifteen minutes to thirty minutes and ends with the delivery of the placenta?
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stage 3
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Implantation is best described as which of the following?
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embedding of the young embryo in the uterine lining
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In the monthly female cycle, what is the part that includes periods or monthly blood flow?
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menstruation
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Which form of birth control protects 100 percent against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections?
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abstinence
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How many chromosomes are found in human body cells?
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46
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Which of the following types of people tend to make the best parents?
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people who have a happy, stable marriage
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Where do sperm fully mature as they receive fructose to provide them energy to be able to use their tails to move?
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epididymis
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What procedure should be done monthly by males to detect testicular cancer?
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TSE
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In what trimester of pregnancy does the embryo develop brainwaves and a beating heart?
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first trimester
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What causes an erection of the penis?
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blood entering the erectile tissue
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When an offspring receives a dominant gene from one parent and a recessive gene from another parent, what type of trait shows up in the offspring?
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heterozygous
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What stage of labor lasts from four to twenty-four hours and includes strong uterine contractions that cause the cervix to open and may rupture the amniotic sac?
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stage 2
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How many chromosomes are found in an egg or a sperm?
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23
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Where does fertilization of an egg by sperm take place?
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uterine tube (Fallopian tube)
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Which of the following is a function of estrogen?
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increased fat deposits in thighs
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What female reproductive organ serves as the birth canal?
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vagina
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In what stage of pregnancy does the fetus begin to kick and move?
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second trimester
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What sac-like structure holds the testes away from the body to keep them cool?
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scrotum
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Which of the following is NOT part of the vulva?
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uterus
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In what trimester of pregnancy does the mother typically experience morning sickness?
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first trimester
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In what trimester does the baby's skin become smoother as fat is deposited under the skin?
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third trimester
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What are the primary reproductive organs?
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the testes and ovaries
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What test detects cancerous changes in cells of the uterus and cervix?
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Pap smear
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What barrier device prevents the exchange of body fluids, which reduces the spread of STDs like HIV when used properly?
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condoms
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What is the cause of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?
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prion
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Which of the following is not a disorder related to hypertension?
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diabetes mellitus
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How is brain tissue destroyed by a stroke?
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A blocked artery deprives part of the brain of oxygen.
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When does the HIV positive stage move into full-blown AIDS?
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when the T-cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter
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Which STD can cause blindness in a newborn baby if it infects the baby's eyes during the birth process while producing a greenish yellowish drainage from the reproductive organs of the infected adults?
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gonorrhea
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There have been documented cases of HIV being passed through all these ways except which of the following?
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excessive sweating
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What is the disease that involves changes in the nerves and chemicals of the brain leading to memory loss, personality changes, and complete dependency?
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Alzheimer's
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Which of the following diseases is best described by chronic pain and swelling in the joints?
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arthritis
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Which health care professional would be responsible for providing an ultrasound to a pregnant woman to visualize the fetus and its development?
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radiologic technician
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The lack of which of the following hormones from the pancreas prevents the body from regulating its own blood sugar?
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insulin
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Which of the following is not a form of anthrax infection?
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circulatory (blood)
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While visiting your grandmother, you notice she loses her balance easily, has slurred speech, and is confused. Why should you get professional help from her health care provider?
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She may be having a stroke and needs immediate care.
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Which type of diabetes generally occurs in young adults and children and always requires insulin as part of the treatment plan?
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type 1
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What is the most common way hepatitis A is transmitted?
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fecal-oral route
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Which of the following could cause a non-communicable disease?
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smoking
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Which organ is affected by hepatitis?
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liver
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What is the most fatal form of skin cancer associated with moles?
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malignant melanoma
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Which of the following best describes symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
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flu-like symptoms, headache, and stiff neck
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What disease is caused by a bacteria and can be sent in a powdery form for bioterrorism and leads to difficulty breathing and even death?
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anthrax
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Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of skin cancer?
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crushing chest pain
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What is hypertension?
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high blood pressure
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When the body doesn't produce insulin, what is the effect?
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cells don't absorb enough glucose and the blood sugar is high
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How does HIV affect the body?
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It infects certain white blood cells, destroying the immune system and making the body susceptible to infection.
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Which of the following bacterial STDs is the most common in the United States causing the formation of a painless lesion which may result in scarring of the pelvic organs and sterility?
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chlamydia
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An injection of which of the following can help to the body improve one's own immunity and life-long resistance to specific types of infectious diseases?
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vaccinations
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What is a typical reason that a two-year-old should see a health care provider?
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to receive an immunization
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Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of death in the United States today?
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pneumonia
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The loss of which hormone contributes to osteoporosis?
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estrogen
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What is the general name for all infections that cause diarrhea to occur?
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Dysentery
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Which of the following best describes symptoms of BSE (Mad Cow Disease)?
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loss of the ability to sense, move, and think
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Which STD begins as chancres or open lesions on the reproductive organs and can invade the nervous system causing difficulty speaking, headaches, blurred or diminishing vision, seizures, problems with memory and thinking, and depression?
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syphilis
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Which condition best describes atherosclerosis?
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fatty plaque and cholesterol buildup inside arteries
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What can people do to reduce their risk of developing type 2, or adult-onset, diabetes?
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eat a healthy diet and maintain a proper body weight
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Which of the following is a result of smoking during pregnancy?
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increased risk of miscarriage
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Excedrin has aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine in its formula. These chemicals work together to relieve severe headaches. What are the effects called?
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synergistic effects
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Caffeine addiction is caused by continuous ingestion of at least which of the following amounts?
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200 milligrams per day
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What category of drugs relieves pain and promotes sleep?
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narcotics
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Which of the following may be a desirable effect of caffeine?
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mental arousal
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Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?
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alcohol
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Which childhood disorder is most closely linked to environmental tobacco smoke?
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asthma
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Which drug, gaining popularity with athletes, is wanted for its ability to increase muscle size due to movement of water into the muscles but which may cause dehydration, mental confusion, blood pressure problems and even death?
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creatine
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Which of the following describes organic compounds that can help the body to function better to make energy, produce blood cells, and reduce the risk of birth defects such as spina bifida?
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vitamins or coenzymes
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Which common hallucinogen may cause bad trips called flashback years later, even after the use of the drug has been stopped?
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LSD
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Out of the following, what is the very best way to learn to cope with peer pressure?
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Practice role-playing scenarios.
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What would be a good use of an analgesic?
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reduce pain
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Infants exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have a greater-than-average risk of dying from which of the following?
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SIDS
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What is the name for stimulants that are made from everyday products and can keep a person awake for long periods of time, resulting in a lack of interest in usual activities, as well as a loss of appetite and a change in personality?
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methamphetamines
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Which of the following ingredients is not found in Alka-Seltzer?
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calcium phosphate
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How many milligrams of aspirin does each tablet contain?
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325
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What is the maximum dosage in twenty-four hours for a sixty-seven-year-old man?
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four tablets
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How should you take Alka-Seltzer tablets?
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dissolved in water
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Which of the following lists the symptoms for which you would use Alka-Seltzer?
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muscular aches, body pain, heartburn, headache
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What seems to be the major complication of Alka-Seltzer?
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stomach bleeding
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Which of the following is not an effect of fetal alcohol syndrome?
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larger head size
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You have a classmate who seems to have a smaller head and eyes and who struggles to learn. Of the following, which is a probable cause of your classmate's condition?
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The mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.
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What is an example of an appropriate supplement a twenty-three-year-old woman could take?
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calcium supplements to help build bone
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Which of the following statements about FAS is not correct?
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FAS is not preventable.
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How is alcohol classified?
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a depressant
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Caffeine is naturally found in which of the following substances?
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coffee
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You are at a party and notice that some people are taking pills, sucking on suckers, sweating, and enjoying all of the patterns made by bright lights and colors. The day after the party you call your friends who seem confused, depressed, anxious, and complain of difficulty sleeping. What drug did they probably take at the party?
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ecstasy
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A person has been lifting weights with you, and you notice he has gotten more muscular faster than you have. You also notice your friend has frequent mood swings. What drug do you think your friend may be using?
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anabolic steroids
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What is the active ingredient in tobacco that causes addiction and many of the problems associated with blood vessels?
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Nicotine
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You are experiencing a migraine and you don't have your medications with you. What should you do?
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Take nothing until you get home and can take your own medications.
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What is the correct term that describes the use of inhalants as a drug in which the person's body slows down and causes the person to lose control of their behavior and emotions?
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huffing
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Which of the following should you NOT consult to find out the best and current information on drugs?
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the good friend who believes only in alternative medicine.
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Which of the following terms describes what happens when a drug decreases the effect of another drug?
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antagonistic reaction
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What is the "four to one" rule when using a ladder?
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Move the ladder base out one foot for every four feet of the ladder's height.
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What crime is one of violence and control even though it is sexual in nature?
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rape
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Which of the following is not a safety practice associated with earthquakes?
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opening the windows in your home
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An inability to answer simple questions, feelings of nausea, loss of memory, and a headache are clues that a person may be experiencing
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a concussion
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When performing compressions on an adult, how deep do you compress the chest?
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1 1/2 to 2 inches
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What is the most common side effect seen in drowning and poisoning victims?
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loss of ability to breathe
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What should you do if a person confides in you his or her suicidal thoughts and makes you promise not to tell anyone?
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Tell an adult or counselor anyway to get help.
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When performing CPR on an adult, what does the rescuer use to perform chest compressions?
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two interlocked hands on the center of the chest
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When performing CPR on an infant, what does the rescuer use to perform chest compressions?
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two fingers on the center of the chest between the nipples
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Which situation would not generally require the use of eye protection?
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viewing a computer screen to do research
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Which of the following is not good practice to keep you safe on the internet?
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believing all the information that is posted on online blogs as truth
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What should you do if your clothes catch on fire?
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stop, drop to the ground, and roll around to smother the fire
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Which of the following is not a risk factor for joining a gang or committing violence later in life?
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having one good friend
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A nineteen-year-old man has sexual relations with a fifteen-year-old teenage girl. The man says that the sexual act was consensual. With what can this man be charged?
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statutory rape
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What is the most serious type of brain injury that causes bleeding into the brain and damages the surrounding tissue and increases the pressure within the skull?
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hematoma
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What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths in CPR?
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30:2
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What is a collection of people who identify and hang out together for their safety and as a way to support themselves financially, usually engaging in criminal activity?
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gang
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Which of the following is the number one, largely preventable cause of death in the teenager/early adulthood years?
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injuries
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What should you not do if you think a person is suicidal?
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ignore the concerns of the person
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Which safety tip would not help to keep people safe going to school?
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talking on a cell phone while driving to school
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What is the typical method for opening an unconscious victim's airway?
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tilt forehead, lift chin
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Appropriate treatment for a victim experiencing anaphylaxis may include all of the following, EXCEPT
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Give the patient something cool to drink so they feel better
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According to the lesson, what term is used to describe injuries that occur when no harm is meant by the activity but certain behaviors increase the likelihood of injury?
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unintentional
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Burns of this degree are typically characterized by blistering
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2nd degree
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What is the primary motive of the abuser in an abusive relationship?
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the need to control
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Why is it helpful to use "I" statements when resolving conflict?
answer
"I" statements shift the focus onto how you feel, and not onto the other person's faults.
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A person has fallen through the roof of a building being constructed. Which organization would be responsible for reviewing the building to see if it was safe for people to be up on the roof?
answer
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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Circulation must be restored within four to six minutes to prevent damage to which vital organ?
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brain
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Which of the following is not a warning sign of suicide?
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improvement in school performance
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You have been watching the news and you feel like violence is increasing in your community. What is the best way to protect yourself?
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Plan out your tasks and know where you are going.
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How deep should compressions move the infant chest during CPR?
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1 ½ inches
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You have determined an adult victim is unconscious. What is the next step?
answer
call 911, even if you have to leave
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What condition requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
answer
cardiac arrest
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Which situation would not generally require the use of additional ear protection?
answer
listening to music from the car radio or stereo
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A person who was severely depressed is suddenly happy and carefree. What may this indicate according to the lesson?
answer
The person has made a decision to commit suicide.
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Which of the following does not contribute to homelessness?
answer
medical insurance
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Which community value helps us to tell the truth and to fulfill our end of a contract?
answer
honesty
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Which of the following is not one of the top ten leading objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020?
answer
Increase the use of nutrient supplements in diets.
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Which of the following is not a technological advancement of the twentieth century?
answer
microscopes
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Did you complete your assignment for special populations to the best of your ability?
answer
yes
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Marcus is complaining of a headache and his friend suggests to him that he should have a spinal adjustment to make the pain go away. What form of unconventional medicine is this friend most likely suggesting?
answer
chiropractics
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Which of the following is not a reason to seek care from an emergency department?
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Your mother says she is having a difficult time seeing the television screen.
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What was your score on the health advocacy assignment?
answer
15-18
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Which of the following is not a function of the school nurse?
answer
maintaining fitness records for teachers
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Which of the following non-profit agencies is least likely to be an advocate for a no-smoking campaign to keep our lungs and babies healthy?
answer
Meals on Wheels
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What government agency helps homeless people find shelter?
answer
HUD
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The value compassion affects a community by causing its members to do which of the following?
answer
run organizations that help the needy
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Which of the following is not a reason why health care costs are spiraling upward in the United States?
answer
decreasing numbers of uninsured
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Which of the following is not addressed in Healthy People 2020?
answer
helmet safety
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Which of the following is generally not a function of community health departments?
answer
providing emergency care for accident victims
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Which policy helps protect patients' privacy and insurance coverage?
answer
HIPAA
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What is the role of OSHA?
answer
regulates safety in the workplace
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What law prevents heroin from being prescribed by physicians and health care providers?
answer
Controlled Substances Act
question
Did you complete the research on your family health concern to the best of your ability?
answer
yes
question
Did you complete your assignment about being a health advocate to the best of your ability?
answer
yes
question
Which of the following would help you to get the best health care information currently available?
answer
Research a medical condition at the library of your local hospital.
question
Did you present your research information on your personal health concern to someone else (such as to friends, a class, your family, a club, or an organization)?
answer
yes
question
What was your score on your special populations assignment?
answer
31-39
question
You stop at the scene of an accident and notice a woman face down in a puddle of water. You turn her over and determine that she is unconscious. What law enables you to proceed with emergency care?
answer
Good Samaritan Act
question
What organization originally developed the Patient's Bill of Rights?
answer
American Hospital Association
question
What is the main goal of Healthy People 2010?
answer
health promotion
question
According to the unit material, what term best describes anyone who buys or uses goods and services of any kind?
answer
consumer
question
Which law helps to allow for the donation of organs?
answer
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
question
Did you present the research information on your family health concern to your family?
answer
yes
question
Which of the following environmental factors is not a major concern listed in the Healthy People 2010 report?
answer
available housing
question
Which of the following is not a sign of a medical scam?
answer
The Food and Drug Administration has approved the product.
question
Which of these actions could make you vulnerable to medical scams?
answer
Believe all statements that use pseudo-medical terms to describe the cure.
question
Who pays most of the health care costs of patients over the age of sixty-five?
answer
Medicare
question
In the United States, which drug-resistant lung infection is increasing in frequency due to homelessness and other diseases?
answer
tuberculosis
question
What describes trying to find an answer to our questions regarding topics such as organ transplants and deciding how long to keep someone alive just because we know how to do it?
answer
ethics
question
When people do not have adequate health insurance or good access to health care, where do they typically go for health care services?
answer
the emergency department of a local hospital
question
Lucretia is having abdominal pain and decides she needs to have certain points in her foot massaged to control her pain. What type of unconventional medicine is she using?
answer
reflexology
question
Did you complete the research on your personal health concern to the best of your ability?
answer
yes
question
Which of the following is not a right listed in the Patient's Bill of Rights?
answer
the right to refuse payment
question
Which law helps to allow donation of organs without cost to the donor?
answer
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
