question

A person's skin tone is not caused by _______.

answer

D. whether or not the person is related to the "mitochondrial Eve" or the last common female ancestor

question

Which of the following statements is not a correct relationship about how the UV light environment affects humans?

answer

E. In a high UV-light environment, skin color is more likely to be lighter.

question

The darker the skin of a person, the more likely that some of their ancestors ___________.

answer

D. Were from a geographical area closer to the equator

question

Hominids evolved under natural selection pressures that selected for certain traits that conferred an advantage to individual consider the following list of traits. Choose the answer that correctly orders the evolutionary pattern of hominid traits. 1. Hominids lost their excessive body hair and gained more sweat glands. 2. Hominids evolved dark and hairless skin. 3. Hominids covered in thick hair and had light skin.

answer

C. 3, 1, 2= Hominids covered in thick hair and had light skin, hominids lost their excessive body hair and gained more sweat glands, and hominids evolved dark and hairless skin.

question

Why is there so much variation in skin coloration?

answer

E. all of the above contribute to the wide variation of human skin coloration; this occurred because humans underwent natural selection that resulted in traits that conferred advantages to humans becoming fixed in populations, this occurred because skin coloration results in different advantages depending on the levels of sun in the region, this occurred because alleles that are harmful in one environmental context may be beneficial in another, this occurred because humans are found in areas that range from high UV light environments to low UV light environments.

question

Research into evolution of skin color has resulted in a complete hypothesis explaining why skin color varies geographically. Which of the following is not a result of this research?

answer

D. The weaker the ultraviolet light, the darker the skin, because people with light skin are more vulnerable to folate destruction than darker-skinned people

question

Scientists have found that _____

answer

E. genetic diversity decreased as early humans migrated away from Africa and founded new populations

question

Scientists have studied patterns of mitochondrial DNA to determine where humans first evolved and how they spread. Humans inherit their mitochondrial genes only from their mothers. Why aren't a father's mitochondrial genes passed to offspring?

answer

B. Sperms do not contribute their mitochondria to the zygote

question

Scientists used mitochondrial DNA to investigate patterns of human evolution. Which of the following is a result of this research?

answer

B. all humans are related to a single female ancestor

question

Which of the following is not a way scientists used mitochondrial DNA to determine where humans first evolved and how they spread?

answer

E. both B and C are not ways scientists used mtDNA to infer human evolutionary patterns; Scientists constructed an evolutionary tree based on paternal tDNA to trace human ancestry back to a single female, and scientists extracted mtDNA from Homo erectus fossils and compared them to modern humans

question

What are characteristics of mitochondrial DNA that made it a suitable choice for studying human evolutionary patterns?

answer

B. Mutations from mothers are passed to offspring without recombination with paternal mtDNA

question

Researchers have studied human genetic relatedness and the distribution of certain traits to infer patterns of human migration. Their studies show that humans who migrated northward from Africa had descendants with ________.

answer

D. A greater risk of folate deficiency

question

Which of the groups below contains a species that is not a hominid?

answer

D. Humans, chimpanzees, Homo melanin, Homo erectus

question

Scientists rely on evidence from the fossil record to determine how and when events in human evolution occurred. Which of these major milestones in human evolution is not correctly dated?

answer

B. the most recent common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans was Ardipithecus ramidus, which lived 4.4 million years ago

question

Which of the following is not something found in the fossil record that has been used by scientists to understand human evolutionary patterns?

answer

A. genetic material extracted from a 4.4 million year old fossil of Ardipithecus ramidus

question

The fossil remains Ardipithecus Ramidus showed that ____

answer

B. the ability to walk upright preceded the evolution of a larger brain

question

Variations of human skin tone is driven by

answer

E. all of the above; DNA variation in the population, natural selection, inheritance and survival, and adaptations over time

question

In a person of very dark skin tone, it is expected that their melanocytes produce

answer

B. Very large quantities of melanin pigment

question

In the absence of melanin production, a person would

answer

D. have albinism

question

Humans have been a species for

answer

B. 200,000 years

question

Skin color is determined by the amount of ____ a person has in their skin

answer

D. melanin

question

Who is mitochondrial eve?

answer

A. an African maternal ancestor of all humanity today

question

What fact was used to determine that mitochondrial eve is every human's ancestor?

answer

C. only females pass on mitochondrial genes in the egg cell

question

Mitochondrial eve can be traced back to

answer

D. Eastern Africa, 150-200,000 years ago

question

How do we know mitochondrial eve is every human's ancestor

answer

C. global comparison of human mitochondrial and nuclear sequences

question

Which of the following statements about human evolutionary history is true?

answer

A. All modern humans can trace their ancestry to one female

question

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial eve is true?

answer

B. mitochondrial Eve lived about 200,000 years ago

question

The ancestral population of humans lived in

answer

A. Africa

question

The oldest known fossils of modern humans found in Eastern Africa date to

answer

C. 160-195,000 years ago

question

Scientists use genetics to trace the evolution and migration of humans. How do scientists know which populations are older than others?

answer

C. members of older populations have more genetic variability

question

Anatomically modern humans

answer

A. left Africa 150-200,000 years ago arrived in both Western Europe and Australia around 40,000 years ago-- before they arrived in North or South America

question

Hominids include

answer

E. living and extinct great apes, humans, orangutans, chimpanzees, and gorillas

question

Chimpanzee and human divergence occurred

answer

A. 6 million years ago

question

The first tool users were members of genus

answer

B. Austrolopithecus

question

All of the following statements regarding ecosystems are correct EXCEPT _______.

answer

D. sunlight and water are good examples of living components of an ecosystem

question

Which of the following ecological definitions is incorrect?

answer

D. A community is made up of biotic and nonliving components

question

Imagine a system where a finch feeds on thistle seeds and the finch population size is linked to the productivity of the thistle, and the thistle population size is related to foraging pressure of the finch population. This is the example of population dynamic of the ________ level.

answer

B. Community

question

Ecologists study organisms at a number of levels with different numbers of components. Which of the following correctly orders these levels, from smallest to largest?

answer

A. individual, population, community, ecosystem

question

Which of the following is not an example of something that ecologists would generally study?

answer

B. How the mitochondria of a mouse function in its cell

question

Ecologists often study the spatial distribution of animals. Which of these descriptions does not match one of the common distribution patterns?

answer

C. Uniform: moose are highly territorial creatures and more around an island habitat in large groups

question

Why are truly random distributions rare in nature?

answer

E. a, b, and c are all reasons why random distributions are rare; Individuals of a particular species often need certain types of conditions to survive and grow, so more individuals are found in these areas, Resources are unevenly distributed across most landscapes, Many species have social behaviors that promote clusters of individuals for increasing foraging success or for predator avoidance

question

All of the following can be advantages of a clumped distribution pattern EXCEPT _____________.

answer

A. it allows individuals to maximize space between them

question

Which of the following is TRUE of distribution patterns in nature?

answer

D. a and b are true, but not c

question

Carrying capacity is NOT the point _________.

answer

C. Where additional resources are available only to individuals that immigrate into the population

question

Once the carrying capacity of an environment is reached, the population generally ________.

answer

D. all of the above

question

Growth rates are ________.

answer

E. A and B; the difference between birth and death rates in a population, and influenced by immigration and emigration patterns

question

Which of the following events of conditions to a density independent factor that could influence population growth?

answer

C. a volcanic eruption that covers an island in a layer of lava

question

When moose first arrived on Isle Royale and found a habitat without predators, the moose population _______.

answer

E. all of the above

question

How have warmer than normal climate conditions affected moose population on Isle Royale?

answer

D. A and C

question

Population dynamics are influenced by birth and death rates. Which of the following are not factors that can cause death for wolves on Isle Royale?

answer

C. Warmer temperatures have caused tick populations that feed on wolves to increase dramatically, which causes wolves to lose blood and increase their hunting abilities

question

By studying the data collected from Isle Royale, ecologists have discovered that a large wolf population correlates to vigorous tree growth. Which of the following best explains this pattern?

answer

E. A and C

question

Which of the following is not a biotic factor affecting population growth of moose on Isle Royale?

answer

A. Summer temperatures

question

The island of Guam traditionally has not had any snakes that prey on birds; however, brown tree snakes that prey upon birds were introduced. Use your knowledge of wolf-moose population dynamics to determine what happened to the population dynamics of birds and the new snakes on Guam. Which of the following is probably not one of the results of the snake introduction? (NOT ON TEST)

answer

E. all of the above are probably results of the snake introduction (NOT ON THE TEST)

question

The total number of wolves inhabiting Isle Royale is defined as a __________.

answer

C. population

question

The term ________ describes the interacting populations (eg. moose and ticks) within an ecosystem

answer

B. community

question

A report based on the interactions of wolves, moose, ticks, and trees on Isle Royale describes a(n) ___________.

answer

B. community

question

The term __________ describes all interacting species such as moose ticks and wolves as well as their surrounding environment of trees, vegetation, and climate

answer

D. Ecosystem

question

A report that documents all the species (plants and animals) in an area but does not include the environment describes

answer

C. a community

question

In predator-prey relationships, scientists are interested in which level of organization

answer

D. a community

question

A researcher who investigates how flooding affects the different populations on an island is most interested in which level of organization?

answer

A. ecosystem

question

Which would NOT be examined in the study of community

answer

D. rainfall and drought

question

Butterflies eat flower nectar and birds eat butterflies. The butterflies, flowers, and birds constitute a(n)

answer

C. community

question

The ocean, sand, rocks, plants, seagulls, and invertebrate represent a(n)

answer

D. ecosystem

question

Which behavior would most likely result in a uniform distribution pattern?

answer

D. territorial and nesting behaviors in birds

question

A flock of birds represents a __________ distribution pattern, while birds on a power line with six inches of space between each bird represents a ___________ distribution pattern

answer

D. clumped; uniform

question

In a geographically isolated habitat, DNA analysis of a population can document

answer

E. all of the above; DNA interbreeding, loss of genetic diversity, identification of individuals, by DNA profiling, and changes in allele frequency of a gene

question

When a population reaches its carrying capacity, its growth rate will

answer

C. slow and remain near zero

question

A population limited by environmental factors would be an example of

answer

A. logistic growth

question

The growth rate of a population is calculated from the ______ for that population

answer

B. difference between births and deaths

question

Which of the following conditions would lead to the fastest population growth?

answer

C. birth rate > death rate; immigration > emigration

question

A few years after a predator species population decreases, the ______________

answer

E. prey population will increase

question

Removal of a predator from an ecosystem may do all of the following, EXCEPT

answer

B. allow prey populations to remain above carrying capacity

question

Which is NOT a biotic factor that could affect a population?

answer

C/E?? Water availability

question

Which is a density-dependent factor?

answer

A. predation

question

Which is a density-independent factor?

answer

B. drought

Bio 102 Exam 3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards