bergholmgren – Flashcards

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A set of methods to control pest organisms by using natural ecological interactions
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biological control
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The practice of maintaining wild herbivores in their native habitat to be harvested for meat and other products
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game ranching
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An agricultural practice in which the land is not plowed for most of the years
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contour plowing
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Use of predators;parasites, and competitors for pest control defines which of the following?
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biological pest control
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overgrazing impact the land in which of the following ways
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II and III (Animals trample and compact the soil)
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Modern demand-based agriculture involves all the of the following characteristics except:
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cultivation of subsistence crops
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Integrated pest management involves all of the following except:
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Use of intense land plowing to increase yileds
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Eating low on the food chain is more efficient than eating high on it. However according to the Environmental Science text, conversion of all present rangeleand to cropland would increase environmental damage because:
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Not all land is suitable for agriculture; some is better suited to grazing
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About one third (~33%) of the Earth's land has climates that should produce deserts, but about 43% actually is desert. What one dominant force is believe to be the cause of this excess desert land?
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Human activities
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Which of the following in not a major symptom of desertification?
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Pollution by sediment, fertilizers, and pesticides
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No-till agriculture is a agricultural technique where:
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the land is not plowed
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In the recent past, the single most effective method to reduce soil erosion has been
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Contour plowing
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Overgrazing of pasture lands occurs when:
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Vegetation is removed by cattle or other domesticated animals
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Deserts occur naturally where:
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there is too little water for substantial plant growth
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When a pest develops resistance to a chemical, all of the following are true except:
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mutation and genetic drift took place
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All of the following measures can help prevent desertification except:
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Maximum use of marginal land
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The type of soil at particular site depends on many factors. Which of the following is not a factor influencing the soil type?
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Biomagnification
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Contour plowing has all of the following characteristics except:
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Plowing runs perpendicular to the contours of the land, channeling runoff downslope
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Practices that can sustain the fertility of soils include all of the following except:
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Plowing up and down slopes to channel runoff away quickly
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The farming of marine organisms
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mariculture
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Crops that are grown to be sold or traded in a large market
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cash crop
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Crops that are used directly for food by the farmer or sold locally
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subsistence crop
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About 11% of the earth's surface (excluding Antarctica) is under agriculture. In simple terms, if the world's human population doubles in the future, then either the total agricultural acreage must double or else ________ must double.
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agricultural yields per acre
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Regions in the U.S. differ greatly in their capacity for crop production. This means that the human population has to
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adapt to the region and grow what grows best
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Which of the following refers to lack of a specific chemical component of food:
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Malnourishment
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Crops genetically engineered to fix nitrogen would have which of the following advantages?
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Would require less chemical fertilizer
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What is the relationship between farming and ecological succession:
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farming keeps the land in an early successional stage
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Monoculture is associated with all of the following except:
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Constant agro-ecosystem
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Global warming may have profound consequences on the Earth's ability to produce food. What is considered the most likely impact of global warming:
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it will shift zones of food production and cause local disruption
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Eating low on the food chain is more efficient than eating high on it. However according to the E.S. text, conversion of all present rangeland to cropland would increase environmental damage because:
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Not all land is suitable for agriculture; some is better suited to grazing
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Hydroponics refer to:
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the growing of plants in a fertilized water solution on an artificial substrate
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The majority of the world's food supply is obtained by:
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Fishing and aquaculture in oceans and freshwater lakes
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In order of importance, the world's four most important crop species are:
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Wheat, rice, corn, potatoes
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Agro-ecosystems differ from natural ecosystems in all of the following ways except:
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Agro-ecosystems keep themselves in an unchanging condition
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The reason that weeds compete so effectively against crops and must be inhibited or removed is that:
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weeds are early successional species and naturally do well on cleared land
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Plowing, the regular mixing of the top layer of the soil, is precisely like what natural process:
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No natural process is much like plowing
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All of the following would be considered "cash crops" except for
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potatoes
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There are something like 250,000 species of plants on Earth. About _______ of those are used for food by humans, and about ________ are cultivated on a large scale
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300; 100
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Agriculture in less developed countries is affected significantly by all of the following except:
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succession
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Aquaculture refers to
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the production of aquatic animals for food
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Monocultures are more vulnerable to outbreaks of diseases because farming
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simplifies the ecosystem
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Liebegs "Law of the Minimum" says that
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some single factor determines the presence and growth of a given species
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Cellulose has all of the following characteristics except:
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It is converted by bacteria in the human stomach
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Our modern food problem is the result of
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the great increase in human population growth
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Goals for genetic engineering of the crop species include all of the following except:
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Plants that spread freely to any and all open land
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There is pressure in many developing countries for farmers to grow crops for export to generate hard currency to repay international debt. These types of crops are called
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cash crops
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The current population of Demographica Island is 10 million inhabitants, and the population is doubling every 10 years. Current agriculture on Demographica could feed 20 million people, and technological improvement is expanding that capacity by 1 million every year. Given only this information, when will there be a food shortage on the island?
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In 20 years
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Slash and Burn agriculture refers to
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resource based agriculture
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Irrigation of plants refers to
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artificial addition of water
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Which of the following would lead to an increase in per capita demand for food
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I and III (lower food prices, rising expectations of the populace)
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