Automation unemployment Essay Example

the phenomenon -falling employment - is happening at the US wireless industry, at least in part because of "gains in productivity and the fact that more customers were going inline to choose their phone and pay their bills, reducing the need for more call- center workers and salespeople. " (MacAfee, 2013) Hence, it seems that a new trend of technological unemployment might rise. Is it the same in different countries?

Its development in developed country is slightly different in other countries. In developed countries, a large amount of automation in the service sector which now employs the majority of workers plays a pivotal role in the Job market.

(Fri., 2011) For example, toll collectors got replaced by E-Spas, telephone switchboard operators lost heir Jobs to automated switching, and Auto workers were replaced by robots in American. (Fri., 2011) In contrast, the impact of the trend in developing countries will be reflected mainly in manufacturing and factories.

For example, Taiwan-based Foxing-one of the major electronics producers around the world and an important employer in China-recently announced that they plan to introduce huge numbers of sophisticated manufacturing robots into factories, with number being nearly 20. 000.

(Fri., 2011) What phase we are at? Robert Hellbender, a well-known economist who wrote a widely read book on economic history ("The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times, and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers") warned, "As machines continue to invade society it is human redundant. (Samuelsson, 2013) Similar to the points made by Robert Hellbender, Jeremy Riffing, an economic and social theorist, argues that, "we are entering a new phase of history -? one characterized by the steady and inevitable decline

of Jobs. " (Tracker/Putnam, 1995) From the opinions of different economists, the phase we are in has already witnessed technology unemployment in a range of fields. Signs of impending technological Unemployment The Static from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows there will be fewer opportunities in 10 Jobs.

To sum up, Statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook 2010-2011, the number of Job positions in 10 fields is predicted to shrink in the next years, which includes Judge, Fashion Designer, Insurance Underwriter, Travel Agent, Newspaper Reporter, Broadcast Announcer, Plant Manager, Chemist, Economist and CEO.

(Italian, 2010) Take Judge as an example. The BLESS projects that nearly 700 fewer Jobs for Judges, magistrate Judges, and magistrates will be provided by 2018 than in 2008. Italian, 010 )"Years ago, some left to become general counsel in the private sector, where they could triple their salary, but since the economic downturn, they're staying longer on the bench," says Tamari Dillon, who researches the occupation for the BLESS. (Talent, 2010) And even the positions of Coos will decrease over the years. According to Italian, the mentor and Editor at Heart of Los Angels (HOLD) said, "Mergers and streamlining will make the climb to the top harder than K, as companies combine and Jobs are eliminated.

The Bleb's projection claims that there will be 5,500 fewer Jobs of Coos by 2018 in the world. Italian, 2010 ) What caused that we are staying at that phase? More and more technology automation robots are occupying the occupations in many sectors like sophisticated computers, robotics, telecommunications, and other cutting-edge technologies are taking up Jobs of human beings in virtually

every sector and industry-from manufacturing, retail, and financial services, to transportation, agriculture, and government. That is the key reason why we are in the technology unemployment. Tracker/Putnam, 1995) The real example: Foxing The technology unemployment has become truth in reality. The robots "employed" by he Foxing Company have achieved the number of 20. 000.

From the news, Go, the Foxing CEO said that he will introduce 1 million robot workers to the factory to contra the increasing cost of labor. (campuses, 2013)And that there are 20,000 robotic machines currently work in Foxing factories. In the end, human will be replaced by these robots. (campuses, 2013) Negative effect of more Robots in Factories * Rising unemployment rate.

The same as Sara Abase tells us in her book A Gift of Fir "the automation of the most common teller functions led to a decline in employment for bank tellers", (Sacristan, 013) the US President Barack Obama was mocked by the conservative media in the US for suggesting that automation might delay and even hurt the employment growth.

Nerveless, Obama was correct to come up with the question. (ROBERTS, 2011) He raised that, "Most economists dismiss concern that this might lead to long-term structural unemployment. Indeed, the idea often elicits outright derision. (ROBERTS, And according to Andrew MacAfee, a researcher, writer, and teacher about technology's impact on the world of business, that real GAP has increased by Just bout 20% since the end of the 2001 recession, while the number of working hour has increased by only 2.

8% over that same time period. And the total number of Jobs climbed by 1. 9%. (MacAfee , 2013) Those

latter two numbers are nearly equal to zero. It is obvious that a realistic future combination of fast automation and relatively slow GAP growth could cause them to negative side. ROBERTS, 2011) If the automation continues working, consumers will break down.

Assuming in a completely automated economy, even no one would get a Job or an income; robots would do everything. And, if it is still a market economy, instead of a planned economy, why would the producer continue producing commodities if there were no viable consumers to purchase the output?! (ROBERTS, 2011) Thus, it means that if consumers no longer have purchasing, this might potentially make the economy into a grinding halt. Ford, 2011) Argument with the negative effect Small story-the more opportunities for the workers Choosing the higher technology level or the higher employment rate is always a dilemma to governors. Nevertheless, some of them do not believe that higher employment is absolutely good. (Samuelsson, 2013 ) The story goes that Milton Friedman was once asked to analyze a government project in Asia.

He saw that thousands of workers were using shovels to build a canal. He wondered," why weren't there any excavators or any mechanized earth-moving equipment? " A government official explained that using shovels could avert more Jobs being replaced.

Friedman's response, "Then why not use spoons instead of shovels? " (Samuelsson, 2013) Opposite Sides of the Argument * Technological advances lead to greater efficiency. According to one report in the Washington Post in 2007, one of the most particularly aggressive industries in placing people with machines is the textile industry. (Samuelsson, 2013 ) The statistics from Washington Post reported in

2007: Five decades ago, a typical North Carolina textile worker operated five machines at once, and each of them was only capable of running a thread through a loom at 100 times a minute.

Samuelsson, 2013 )The efficiency has been improved considerably: now the speed now is almost six times faster, and it is possible for one worker to oversee 100 of them. (Samuelsson, 2013) That shows that the development of technology automation has improved the production procedure to a more efficient level. Samuelsson, 2013) *automation could recreate Job opportunities But Levy and Murrain claim that new Jobs in computer industries increased losses of the technology unemployment. 3.

Million Workers were counted directly covered "in creating computer infrastructure -? software developers, systems analysts and data experts". (Samuelsson , 2013) Above all, the new technology could reduce the losses in a way since a lot new opportunities of taking Jobs were created. (Samuelsson , 2013) *A higher living standard. In the short run, some workers may lose their Jobs as labor-saving technologies improved, but production becomes easier and more efficient, leading to lower prices value of money to invest on other things.

That could boost the aggregate demand so as to increase the employment which across almost all the industries. (Ford, 2011) The result of that is a higher standard of living for consumers. The average work time of the worker is less and less in the coming days for workers to generate enough money to buy a dozen beers or a ticket or a flat-screen TV or a new car. (MacAfee, 2013) In addition, the convenience of using an ATM at midnight cannot be omitted

by human. As a customer, one person can enjoy the services from technology whenever they want.

MacAfee, 2013) Objective 3 Comparison between previous and current situation The most extreme historical example of technology was found in agriculture in developed countries. In the recent asses, almost three-quarters workers in the US were employed in agriculture. (Ford, 2011) The number is only 2 percent to 3 percent today, which suggests that advanced mechanization eliminated millions of Jobs. (Ford, 2011) New studies of the future automatic technology of China Compared with US, it will be a dramatic development in automating industries of China.

China still simply has to import the technology instead of inventing it on itself, leading to lack of Job positions as millions of workers do not stop migrating from countryside to cities. (MacAfee, 2013) "China is still highly dependent on exports and the US is a vital market.

A major decline in consumption here will cause unemployment in China" was said by Martin Ford who is the author of The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future-claims that it will be very difficult for China to rebalanced its economy toward more domestic products consumption.

Ford , The future of the world What was written in the book The End of Work said that, 'In the years ahead, more sophisticated software technologies are going to bring civilization ever closer to a near-workers world' (Tracker/Putnam, 1995) Jeremy Riffing, a social critic, deems that the development of automation technology will better connect the world and human beings via applying the technology. (ANGELS, 2011) Above all, what problem we will face in the

future is that the high-end Jobs and the low-end Jobs are likely to erode quite rapidly as information technology advances.

IN a 1996 article, Paul Grumman imagined a future where "information technology would end up reducing, not increasing, the demand for highly educated workers. " (Ford , 2011 ) Since lots of high-educated workers will actually be replaced by sophisticated (Ford , 2011 ) Why we need automation in the near future? What should be pointed out is that in the U.

S the government needs to create above a million of Jobs a year in order to keep up with the growth of population. Ford, 2011 ) It's likely that millions of Jobs in both low and high skill occupations are going o be increasingly susceptible to automation in the next decade or so. "If that happens, we'll need to replace all those Jobs while still keeping up with growth in the workforce. " Said Martin Ford. (Ford, 2011 ) Future drawback of automation: Potentially Destroy the American dream The core idea of American Dream is the content that," if you work hard to educate yourself, you'll have a better shot at prosperity. (Ford, 2011 ) If that promise will not come true, it may become a significant destroy to the incentive for "broad-based pursuit of education".

(Ford, 2011 )There's material evidence that this may have already been appending, one recent study suggests that as many as" half of college graduates are ending up underemployed. " (Ford , 2011 ) Conclusion: With the developing technology, the US president, Barack Obama argues that the automation would cause certain of unemployment in June 22, 2011. That's

the start of argument.

While, the opposite side claims that many merits exist in automation, for example the automation leads a higher living standard. The situation is not far away from our vision, but it is right around the corner.

A primary source, arguments from Barack Obama, was a critical resource in the port. It is a helpful tool to help me understand the true meaning of automation. And I realized that written scripts like some books, news are useful for us to catch the core of the topic. Only one book can be found in local library called the End of work.

But there are plenty of resources on the internet, including newspapers, some editorials, statistics and policy paper, which help me with the understanding of the core. Objective 2 provides the deep analysis and insight from experts like Martin Ford, Paul Grumman and so on. And it is the most interesting part in the report since both the costive sides and negative sides come up with the powerful concepts they believed. Other objectives mainly focus on background, statistics and compare between different countries, while, people know the merits and drawbacks of automation deeply and clearly.

On this assessment of informative speech: I need to deeply understand the topic and objectives so that the audience could require some valuable knowledge. So I think I need more interesting evidence and examples to illustrate the phenomenon.

However, I deem that it is good for me to make a speech without cue card since it is a development in my soft skills. The most difficult thing for me is to understand the entire content which was written

by experts and it is critical to have enough time to do the research before writing the first draft. I need to understand the core of this topic clearly.

Hence it is important to read these newspapers and article s patiently and carefully in order to catch the key point of these articles and get the best sentences out of the newspaper.

To future students, reading source is the key they need do and the first thing needed to be done is to make notes when they read the article. After reading, students should make sure the goal. Finally, to make the whole structure clearly to the reader is important as well. I will write notes when I am reading and record the ideals on a paper in case that I forget this thing.